References
- Chaiton MO, Cohen JE, Frank J. Population health and the hardcore smoker: Geoffrey Rose revisited. J Public Health Policy 2008; 29:307–318.
- Warner KE, Burns DM. Hardening and the hard-core smoker: concepts, evidence, and implications. Nicotine Tob Res 2003; 5:37–48.
- Jochelson J, Majrowski B. Clearing the air. Debating smoke-free policies in psychiatric units. London: King's Fund, 2006.
- Degenhardt L, Hall W. The relationship between tobacco use, substance-use disorders and mental health: results from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Nicotine Tob Res 2001; 3:225–234.
- Lasser K, Boyd JW, Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, McCormick D, Bor DH. Smoking and mental illness: a population-based prevalence study. JAMA 2000; 284:2606–2610.
- Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR, Chilcoat HD, Andreski P. Major depression and stages of smoking. A longitudinal investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:161–166.
- Cuijpers P, Smit F, ten Have M, de Graaf R. Smoking is associated with first-ever incidence of mental disorders: a prospective population-based study. Addiction 2007; 102:1303–1309.
- Diaz FJ, Rendon DM, Velasquez DM, Susce MT, de Leon J. Datapoints: smoking and smoking cessation among persons with severe mental illnesses. Psychiatr Serv 2006; 57:462.
- Ziedonis D, Hitsman B, Beckham JC . Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders: National Institute of Mental Health report. Nicotine Tob Res 2008; 10:1691–1715.
- El-Guebaly N, Cathcart J, Currie S, Brown D, Gloster S. Smoking cessation approaches for persons with mental illness or addictive disorders. Psychiatr Serv 2002; 53:1166–1170.
- Jarvis MJ, Wardle J. Social patterning of individual health behaviours: the case of cigarette smoking. Marmot MG, Wilkinson RG. Social determinants of health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999:240–255.
- Scollo M, Siahpush M. Smoking and social disadvantage. Scollo MM, Winstansley MH. Tobacco in Australia: facts and issues, third. Melbourne: Cancer Council Victoria, 2008.
- Jarvis MJ, Wardle J, Waller J, Owen L. Prevalence of hardcore smoking in England, and associated attitudes and beliefs: cross sectional study. Br Med J 2003; 326:1061–1065.
- Johnson EO, Breslau N. Is the association of smoking and depression a recent phenomenon? Nicotine Tob Res 2006; 8: 257–262.
- Khuder SA, Dayal HH, Mutgi AB. Age at smoking onset and its effect on smoking cessation. Addict Behav 1999; 24:673–677.
- Najman JM, Toloo G, Siskind V. Socioeconomic disadvantage and changes in health risk behaviours in Australia: 1989–90 to 2001. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84:976–984.
- Slade T, Johnston A, Oakley Browne M, Andrews G, Whiteford H. 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: methods and key findings. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2009; 43:594–605.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia 1997. Canberra: ABS, 1998.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Users’ Guide. Canberra: ABS, 2008.
- Kessler R. Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Boston MA: Harvard Medical School, 1996.
- Andrews G, Slade T. Interpreting scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Aust N Z J Public Health. 2001; 25:494–497.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. Information paper: an introduction to Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA). Canberra: ABS, 2006.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. Mental health in Australia: a snapshot, 200405. Canberra: ABS, 2006.
- Australian Bureau of Statistics. National Health Survey 2007–08: Summary of results. Canberra: ABS, 2009.
- Wilkinson R, Marmot M. Social determinants of health: the solid facts, second. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization, 2003.
- Costa ML, Cohen JE, Chaiton MO, Ip D, McDonald P, Ferrence R. ‘Hardcore’ definitions and their application to a population-based sample of smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:860–864.