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Audiology Volume 16, 1977 - Issue 5
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Original Article

Value of the Isolated Tensor Tympani Muscle Reflex Elicited by Electric Lingual Stimulation

M. Russolo Department of Otolaryngology (Director: Prof. Dr. A. Bosatra), University of Trieste, Trieste
&
A. Semeraro Department of Otolaryngology (Director: Prof. Dr. A. Bosatra), University of Trieste, Trieste
Pages 373-379 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Borg E. On the neuronal organisation of the acoustic middle ear reflex. A physiological and anatomical study. Brain Res. 1973; 49: 101–123
  • Bosatra A., Russolo M. Directional hearing, temporal order and auditory pattern in peripheral and brain-stem lesions. Audiology 1976; 15: 141–151
  • Bosatra A., Russolo M., Poli P. Modifications of the stapedius muscle reflex during spontaneous and experimental brain-stem impairment. Acta oto-lar. 1975a; 80: 61–66
  • Bosatra A., Russolo M., Poli P. Oscilloscopic analysis of the stapedius muscle reflex in brain-stem lesions. Archs Otolar. 1976; 102: 284–285
  • Bosatra A., Russolo M., Semeraro A. Tympanic muscle reflex elicited by electric stimulation of the tongue in normal and pathological subjects. Acta oto-lar. 1975b; 79: 334–338
  • Bosatra A., Russolo M., Semeraro A. Bipolar electric stimulation to elicit an isolated tensor-tympani reflex. Acta oto-lar., (in press)
  • Djupesland G. Middle ear muscle reflexes elicited by acoustic and non acoustic stimulation. Acta oto-lar. 1964; 188: 287–292, suppl.
  • Hood J.D. Recent advances in the electronystagmographic investigation of vestibular and other disorders of ocular movement; in de Reuk and Konight Myotatic, kynesthetic and vestibular mechanism. Churchill, London 1967
  • Jepsen O. Studies on the acoustic stapedius reflex in man; thesis. Universitatsforlaget, Aarhus 1955
  • Kato T. Zur Physiologie der Binnenmuskeln des Ohres. Pflügers Arch. ges Physiol. 1913; 150: 569–625
  • Klockhoff I. Discussion about acoustic reflexes of the human muscle tensor tympani, see Terkildsen. Acta oto-lar. 1960, Suppl. 158
  • Klockhoff I., Anderson H. Reflex activity in the tensor tympani muscle recorded in man. Acta oto-lar. 1960; 51: 184–188
  • Lidén G., Peterson J.L., Harford E.R. Simultaneous recording of changes in relative impedance and air pressure during acoustic and nonacoustic elicitation of the middle ear reflexes. Acta oto-lar. 1970, Suppl. 188
  • Møller A. Intra-aural muscle contraction in man, examined by measuring acoustic impedance of the ear. Laryngoscope 1958; 68: 48–62
  • Terkildsen K. Acoustic reflexes of the human musculus tensor tympani. Acta oto-lar. 1960; 158: 230–236, suppl.
  • Wever E.G., Lawrence M. Physiological acoustics. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1954

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