123
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Dimensions of Schizophrenia

, &
Pages 528-535 | Received 23 Feb 2011, Published online: 15 Jun 2011

REFERENCES

  • Anastasi, A. (1997). Validity: Basic concepts. In A. Anastasi & S. Urbina (eds.), Psychological Testing. 7 ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 113–130.
  • Andreasen, N. C., Endicott, J., Spitzer, L., & Winokur, G. (1977). The family history method using diagnostic criteria: Reliability and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 1229–1235.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1989). EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Los Angeles, CA: BMDP.
  • Blackwood, D. H., St Clair, D. M., Muir, W. J., & Duffy, J. C. (1991). Auditory P300 and eye-tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic pedigrees. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 889–909.
  • Chen, Y. C., & Ku, C. S. (1993). Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), Chinese Version. Taiwan: Kaohsiung Medical College.
  • Clementz, B. A., Grove, W. M., Iacono, W. G., & Sweeney, J. A. (1992). Smooth-pursuit eye movement dysfunction and liability for schizophrenia: implications for genetic modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 117–129.
  • Clementz, B. A., Sweeney, J. A., Hirt, M., & Hass, G. (1990). Pursuit gain and saccadic intrusions in first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 327–335.
  • Clementz, B. A., Sweeney, J. A., Hirt, M., & Hass, G. (1991). Phenotypic correlations between oculomotor functioning and schizophrenia-related characteristics in relatives of schizophrenic probands. Psychophysiology, 28, 570–578.
  • Crow, T. J. (1986). The continuum of psychosis and its implication for the structure of the gene. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 419–429.
  • Ettinger, U., Kumari, V., Crawford, T. J., Corr, P. J., Das, M., Zachariah, E., (2004). Smooth pursuit and antisaccade eye movements in siblings discordant for schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38, 177–184.
  • Faraone, S. V., Tsuang, M. T., & Tsuang, D. W. (1999). The basics: Epidemiologic foundations of psychiatric genetics. In S. V. Faraone, M. T. Tsuang & D. W. Tsuang (eds.), Genetics of Mental Disorders: What Practitioners and Students need to Know. New York: The Guilford Press, 15–45.
  • Fish, B., & Kendler, K. S. (2005). Abnormal infant neurodevelopment predicts schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15, 348–361.
  • Friedman, L., Abel, L. A., Jesberger, J. A., Malki, A., Brar, R., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1992). A methodology for the assessment of smooth-pursuit dysfunction. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2, 209–216.
  • Friedman, L., Jesberger, J. A., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1991). A model of smooth pursuit performance illustrates the relationship between gain, catch-up saccade rate, and catch-up saccade amplitude in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 30, 537–556.
  • Friedman, L., Kenny, J. T., Jesberger, J. A., Choy, M. M., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1995). Relationship between smooth-pursuit eye-tracking and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 37, 265–272.
  • Gambini, O., & Scarone, S. (1992). Smooth-pursuit eye movements and neuropsychological tests in schizophrenic patients: Possible involvement of attentional components. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 241, 333–336.
  • Gold, J. M., Carpenter, C., Randolph, C., Goldberg, T. E., & Weinberger, D. R. (1997). Auditory working memory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 159–165.
  • Goldstein, J. M., & Tsuang, M. T. (1988). The process of subtyping schizophrenia: Strategies in the search for homogeneity. In M. T. Tsuang & J. C. Simpson (eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia: Nosology, epidemiology and genetics (Vol. 3). Amsterdam: Elsevier., 63–83.
  • Green, M. F. (1998). Schizophrenia from a Neurocognitive Perspective. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Grove, W. M., Clementz, B. A., Iacono, W. G., & Katsanis, J. (1992). Smooth-pursuit ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia: Evidence for a major gene. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1362–1368.
  • Grove, W. M., Lebow, B. S., Clementz, B. A., Cerri, A., Medus, C., & Iacono, W. G. (1991). Familial prevalence and coaggregation of schizotypy indicators: A multitrait family study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 115–121.
  • Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. K., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual –Revised and Expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Holzman, P. S. (1994). The role of psychological probes in genetic studies of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 13, 1–9.
  • Holzman, P. S., Proctor, L. R., & Hughes D. W. (1973). Eye-tracking patterns in schizophrenia. Science, 181, 179–181.
  • Holzman, P. S., Proctor, L. R., Levy, D. L., Yasillo, N. J., Meltzer, H. Y., & Hurt, S. W. (1974). Eye-tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic patients and their relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 143–151.
  • Hutton, J. T., Nagel, J. A., & Loewenson, R. B. (1983). Variables affecting eye tracking performance. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 56, 414–419.
  • Hutton, S. B., Huddy, V., Barnes, T. R., Robbins, T. W., Crawford, T. J., Kennard, C., (2004). The relationship between antisaccades, smooth pursuit, and executive dysfunction in first–episode schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 56, 553–559.
  • Hutton, S. B., Puri, B. K., Duncan, L. J., Robbins, T. W., Barnes, T. R. E., & Joyce, E. M. (1998). Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 28, 463–473.
  • Iacono, W. G., & Lykken, D. T. (1979). Electro-oculographic recording and scoring of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye-tracking: A parametric study using monozygotic twins. Psychophysiology, 16, 94–107.
  • Iacono, W. G., Tuason, V. B., & Johnson, R. A. (1981). Dissociation of the smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye tracking in remitted schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 991–996.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8.14: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
  • Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., & Walsh, D. (1998). The structure of psychosis: Latent class analysis of probands from the Roscommon family study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 492–499.
  • Lane, H. Y., Deng, H. C., Huang, S. M., Hu, W. H, Chang, W. H., & Hu, O. Y. (1996). Low frequency of dextromethorphan O-demethylation deficiency in a Chinese population. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 60, 696–698.
  • Lencer, R., Malchow, C. P., Trillenberg-Krecker, K., Schwinger, E., & Arolt, V. (2000). Eye-tracking dysfunction (ETD) in families with sporadic and familial schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 391–401.
  • Lencer, R., Trillenberg-Krecker, K., Schwinger, E., & Arolt, V. (2003). Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and eye-tracking dysfunction in singleton and multiplex families. Schizophrenia Research, 60, 33–45.
  • Levin, S. (1984). Frontal-lobe dysfunctions in schizophrenia: 1. Eye movement impairments. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 18, 27–55.
  • Levy, D. L., Holzman, P. S., Matthysse, S., & Mendell, N. R. (1993). Eye tracking dysfunction and schizophrenia: A critical perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19, 461–535.
  • Levy, D. L, Lipton, R. B., Holzman, P. S., & Davis, J. M. (1983). Eye tracking dysfunction unrelated to clinical state and treatment with haloperidol. Biological Psychiatry, 18, 813–819.
  • Lewine, R. R, Walker, E. F., Shurett, R., Caudle, J., & Haden, C. (1996). Gender differences in neuropsychological functioning among schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 1178–1184.
  • Litman, R. E., Hommer, D. W., Clem, T., Ornsteen, M. L., Ollo, C., & Pickar, D. (1991). Correlation of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance with eye-tracking in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1580–1582.
  • Lung, F. W., Chen, N., & Shu, B. C. (2006). Dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the −521C>T polymorphism of the upstream region of DRD4 gene in schizophrenia. Psychiatric genetics, 16, 139–143.
  • Lung, F. W., Lu, Y. C., & Wang, Y. C. (1999). Relationship between smooth pursuit eye-tracking and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in schizophrenia. Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry, 13, 270–281.
  • Lung, F. W., Tzeng, D. S., & Shu, B. C. (2002). Ethnic heterogeneity in allele variation in the DRD4 gene in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 57, 239–245.
  • Malaspina, D., Friedman, J. H., Kaufmann, C., Bruder, G., Amador, X., Strauss, D., (1998). Psychobiological heterogeneity of familial and sporadic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 43, 489–496.
  • Palmer, B. W., Heaton, R. K., Paulsen, J. S., Kuck, J., Braff, D., Harris, M. J., (1997). Is it possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsychologically normal? Neuropsychology, 11, 437–446.
  • Radant, A. D., Claypoole, K., Wingerson, D. K., Cowley, D. S., & Roy-Byrne, P. P. (1997). Relationships between neuropsychological and oculomotor measures in schizophrenia patients and normal controls. Biological Psychiatry, 42, 797–805.
  • Schlenker, R., Cohen, R., Berg, P., Hubman, W., Mohr, F., Watzl, H., (1994). Smooth-pursuit eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia: The role of attention and general psychomotor dysfunction. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 244, 153–160.
  • Schwartz, B. D., O'Brien, B. A., Evans, W. J., Sautter, F. J., & Winstead, D. K. (1995). Smooth pursuit eye movement differences between familial and non-familial schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 17, 211–219.
  • Siever, L. J., Keefe, R., Bernstein, D. P., (1990). Eye tracking impairment in clinically identified patients with schizotypal personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 740–745.
  • Stordal, K. I., Mykletun, A., Asbjornsen, A., Egeland, J., Landro, N. I., Roness, A., (2005). General psychopathology is more important for executive functioning than diagnosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111, 22–28.
  • Sweety, J. A., Clementz, B. A., Escobar, M. D., Li, S., Pauler, D. K., & Haas, G. L. (1993). Mixture analysis of pursuit eye-tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 34, 331–340.
  • Tien, A. Y., Spevack, T. V., Jones, D. W., Pearlson, G. D., Schlaepfer, T. E., & Strauss, M. E. (1996). Computerized wisconsin card sorting test: Comparison with manual administration. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 12, 479–485.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.