Forbearance for fluoxetine: Do monoaminergic antidepressants require a number of years to reach maximum therapeutic effect in humans?

References

• Parker G, Roy K, Menkes DB, How long does it take for antidepressant therapies to act? Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2000;34:65–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald PJ. Neuromodulating mice and men: Are there functional species differences in neurotransmitter concentration? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009;33:1037–41.
   Google Scholar
• Malinge M, Bourin M, Colombel MC, Larousse C. Additive effects of clonidine and antidepressant drugs in the mouse forced-swimming test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1988;96:104–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nixon MK, Hascoet M, Bourin M, Colombel MC. Additive effects of lithium and antidepressants in the forced swimming test: further evidence for involvement of the serotoninergic system. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1994;115:59–64.
   Google Scholar
• Guo WY, Todd KG, Bourin M, Hascoet M. The additive effects of quinine on antidepressant drugs in the forced swimming test in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995;121:173–9.
   Google Scholar
• Aragão GF, Carneiro LM, Junior AP, A possible mechanism for anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of alpha- and beta-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006;85:827–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detke MJ, Rickels M, Lucki I. Active behaviors in the rat forced swimming test differentially produced by serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995;121:66–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page ME, Detke MJ, Dalvi A, Serotonergic mediation of the effects of fluoxetine, but not desipramine, in the rat forced swimming test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999;147:162–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aricioglu F, Altunbas H. Harmane induces anxiolysis and antidepressant-like effects in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 1009:196–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aricioglu F, Altunbas H. Is agmatine an endogenous anxiolytic/antidepressant agent? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003;1009: 136–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Garza JC, Bronner J, Acute administration of leptin produces anxiolytic-like effects: a comparison with fluoxetine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;207:535–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi E, Katayama M, Niimi K, Itakura C. Additive subthreshold dose effects of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in antidepressant behavioral tests. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;589:149–56.
   Google Scholar
• Popik P, Kozela E, Krawczyk M. Nicotine and nicotinic receptor antagonists potentiate the antidepressant-like effects of imipramine and citalopram. Br J Pharmacol 2003;139:1196–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujishiro J, Imanishi T, Baba J, Kosaka K. Comparison of noradrenergic and serotonergic antidepressants in reducing immobility time in the tail suspension test. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001;85:327–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griebel G, Cohen C, Perrault G, Sanger DJ. Behavioral effects of acute and chronic fluoxetine in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Physiol Behav 1999;67:315–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drapier D, Bentué-Ferrer D, Laviolle B, Effects of acute fluoxetine, paroxetine and desipramine on rats tested on the elevated plus-maze. Behav Brain Res 2007;176:202–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilic FS, Ozatik Y, Kaygisiz B, Acute antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of simvastatin and its mechanisms in rats. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 2012;17:39–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Angelis L. Experimental anxiety and antidepressant drugs: the effects of moclobemide, a selective reversible MAO-A inhibitor, fluoxetine and imipramine in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1996;354:379–83.
   Google Scholar
• Rich CL, Spiker DG, Jewell SW, Neil JF. DSM-III, RDC, and ECT: depressive subtypes and immediate response. J Clin Psychiatry 1984;45:14–8.
   Google Scholar
• Henkel V, Seemüller F, Obermeier M, Does early improvement triggered by antidepressants predict response/remission? Analysis of data from a naturalistic study on a large sample of inpatients with major depression. J Affect Disorder 2009;115:439–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koran LM, Hamilton SH, Hertzman M, Predicting response to fluoxetine in geriatric patients with major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;15:421–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kudlow PA, Cha DS, McIntyre RS. Predicting treatment response in major depressive disorder: the impact of early symptomatic improvement. Can J Psychiatry 2012;57: 782–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi MH, Morris DW, Grannemann BD, Mahadi S. Symptom clusters as predictors of late response to antidepressant treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1064–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aberg-Wistedt A, Agren H, Ekselius L, Sertraline versus paroxetine in major depression: clinical outcome after six months of continuous therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:645–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok RM, van Baarsen C, Nolen WA, Heeren TJ. Early response as predictor of final remission in elderly depressed patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009;24:1299–303.
   Google Scholar
• Tomita T, Yasui-Furukori N, Nakagami T, The association between sunshine duration and paroxetine response time in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2012;136:1067–71.
   Google Scholar
• Entsuah R, Derivan A, Kikta D. Early onset of antidepressant action of venlafaxine: pattern analysis in intent-to-treat patients. Clin Ther 1998;20:517–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, Deliyannides RA, Quitkin FM. Does dual antidepressant therapy as initial treatment hasten and increase remission from depression? J Psychiatr Pract 2009;15:337–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneda A, Yasui-Furukori N, Nakagami T, The influence of personality factors on paroxetine response time in patients with major depression. J Affect Disord 2011;135:321–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papakostas GI, Perlis RH, Scalia MJ, A meta-analysis of early sustained response rates between antidepressants and placebo for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:56–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor MJ. Rapid onset of true antidepressant action. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2007;9:475–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harmer CJ, Bhagwagar Z, Perrett DI, Acute SSRI administration affects the processing of social cues in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacol 2003;28:148–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmer CJ, O'Sullivan U, Favaron E, Effect of acute antidepressant administration on negative affective bias in depressed patients. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166:1178–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulawa SC, Hen R. Recent advances in animal models of chronic antidepressant effects: the novelty-induced hypophagia test. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2005;29:771–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulawa SC, Holick KA, Gundersen B, Hen R. Effects of chronic fluoxetine in animal models of anxiety and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:1321–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechtholt AJ, Valentino RJ, Lucki I. Overlapping and distinct brain regions associated with the anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide and chronic fluoxetine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:2117–30.
   Google Scholar
• Marcussen AB, Flagstad P, Kristjansen PE, Increase in neurogenesis and behavioural benefit after chronic fluoxetine treatment in Wistar rats. Acta Neurol Scand 2008;117: 94–100.
   Google Scholar
• Holick KA, Lee DC, Hen R, Dulawa SC. Behavioral effects of chronic fluoxetine in BALB/cJ mice do not require adult hippocampal neurogenesis or the serotonin 1A receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:406–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao J, Nitzke AM, Doukas DG, Antidepressant response to chronic citalopram treatment in eight inbred mouse strains. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011;213:509–20.
   Google Scholar
• Burghardt NS, Sigurdsson T, Gorman JM, Chronic Antidepressant Treatment Impairs the Acquisition of Fear Extinction. Biol Psychiatry 2013;73:1078–86.
   Google Scholar
• Shanahan NA, Holick Pierz KA, Masten VL, Chronic reductions in serotonin transporter function prevent 5-HT1B-induced behavioral effects in mice. Biol Psychiatry 2009;65:401–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez-Palacios G, Bonilla-Jaime H, Velázquez-Moctezuma J. Antidepressant effects of nicotine and fluoxetine in an animal model of depression induced by neonatal treatment with clomipramine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2005;29:39–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javelot H, Weiner L, Terramorsi R, Efficacy of chronic antidepressant treatments in a new model of extreme anxiety in rats. Depress Res Treat 2011;2011:531435.
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro SN, Del-Ben CM, Zangrossi H Jr, Graeff FG. Anxiolytic and panicolytic effects of escitalopram in the elevated T-maze. J Psychopharmacol 2008;22:132–7.
   Google Scholar
• Caldarone BJ, Karthigeyan K, Harrist A, Sex differences in response to oral amitriptyline in three animal models of depression in C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003;170:94–101.
   Google Scholar
• Ihne JL, Fitzgerald PJ, Hefner KR, Holmes A. Pharmacological modulation of stress-induced behavioral changes in the light/dark exploration test in male C57BL/6J mice. Neuropharmacology 2012;62:464–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Versiani M, Mehilane L, Gaszner P, Arnaud-Castiglioni R. Reboxetine, a unique selective NRI, prevents relapse and recurrence in long-term treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:400–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jylhä P, Ketokivi M, Mantere O, Do antidepressants change personality?–a five-year observational study. J Affect Disord 2012;142:200–7.
   Google Scholar
• El-Mallakh RS, Briscoe B. Studies of long-term use of antidepressants: how should the data from them be interpreted? CNS Drugs 2012;26:97–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duboff EA. Long-term treatment of major depressive disorder with paroxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993;13:28S-33S.
   Google Scholar
• Aguglia E. Reboxetine in the maintenance therapy of depressive disorder in the elderly: a long-term open study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:784–93.
   Google Scholar
• Brattström A. Long-term effects of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment: a 1-year safety study in mild to moderate depression. Phytomedicine 2009;16:277–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase ME, Gelenberg A, Kornstein SG, Comparing venlafaxine extended release and fluoxetine for preventing the recurrence of major depression: results from the PREVENT study. J Psychiatr Res 2011;45:412–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JS, Silva S, Petrycki S, The treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS): long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:1132–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodama M, Fujioka T, Duman RS. Chronic olanzapine or fluoxetine administration increases cell proliferation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rat. Biol Psychiatry 2004;56:570–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar