Differences Between Heart Valve Allografts and Xenografts in the Incidence and Initiation of Dystrophic Calcification

References

• McClung J A, Stein J H, Ambrose J A, et al. Prosthetic heart valves: A Review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1983; 26: 237–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrans V J, Boyce S M, Billingham M E, et al. Calcific deposits in porcine bioprostheses: Structure and pathogenesis. Am J Cardiol 1980; 46: 721–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valente M, Bortolotti V, Thiene G. Ultrastructural substrates of dystrophic calcification in porcine bioprosthetic valve failure. Am J Pathol 1985; 119: 12–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoen F J, Collin J J, Cohn L H. Long-term failure rate and morphologic correlations in porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. Am J Cardiol 1983; 51: 957–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valente M, Bortolotti U, Arbustine E, et al. Glutaraldehyde preserved porcine bioprosthesis. Factors affecting performance as determined by pathologic studies. Chest 1983; 83: 607–11
   Google Scholar
• Gallo I, Ruiz B, Nistal F, Duran C G. Degeneration in porcine bioprosthetic cardiac valves: Incidence of primary tissue failure among 938 bioprostheses at risk. Am J Cardiol 1984; 53: 1061–5
   Google Scholar
• Barratt-Boyes B G, Roche A, Agnew T M, et al. Homograft valves. Med J Aust Special 1972; 2: 38–44
   Google Scholar
• Rose A G, Forman T, Bowen R M. Calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine xenografts. Thorax 1978; 33: 111–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thubrikar M J, Deck J D, Aouad J, Nolan S P. Role of mechanical stress in calcification of aortic bioprosthetic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 86: 115–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffin Y A, Deuvaert F, Wellens F, et al. Normally and abnormally functioning left-sided porcine bioprosthetic valves after long-term implantation in patients: Distinct spectra of histologic and histochemical changes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984; 4: 324–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angell W W, Angell J D, Kosek J C. Twelve-year experience with glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine xenografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 83: 493–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barratt-Boyes B G. Long term follow-up of valvular grafts. Brit Heart J 1971; 33: 60–65
   Google Scholar
• Fienberg S E. The analysis of cross-classified categorised data. MIT Press, Cambridge 1977
   Google Scholar
• Schoen F J, Levy R J. Bioprosthetic heart valve failure: Pathology and pathogenesis. Cardiol Clin 1984; 2: 717–39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gavin J B, Herdson P B, Monro J L, Barratt-Boyes B G. Pathology of antibiotic-treated human heart valve allografts. Thorax 1973; 28: 473–81
   Google Scholar
• Christie G W, Gavin J B, Barratt-Boyes B G. Graft detachment, a cause of incompetence in stent-mounted aortic valve allografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985; 90: 901–6
   Google Scholar
• Schenk P K, Muller J, Zinkernagel R, Willenegger H. Ultrastructure of normal and abnormal bone repair. Calcif Tissue Res 1970; 4(Suppl I)110–111
   Google Scholar
• Anderson H C. Vesicles associated with calcification in the matrix of epiphyseal cartilage. J Cell Biol 1969; 41: 59–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson H C. Calcific diseases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1983; 107: 341–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paegle R D. Ultrastructure of calcium deposits in arteriosclerotic human aortas. J Ultrastruct Res 1969; 26: 412–23
   Google Scholar
• Schoen F J, Levy R J, Nelson A C, et al. Onset and progression of experimental bioprosthetic heart valve calcification. Lab Invest 1985; 52: 523–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim K M, Huang S N. Ultrastructural study of calcification of human aortic valve. Lab invest 1971; 25: 357–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim K M, Valigorsky J M, Mergner W J, et al. Ageing changes to dystrophic calcification. Hum Pathol 1976; 7: 47–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott J E. Proteoglycan-collagen interactions. Function of proteoglycans, D Everard, J Whelen. Wiley, Chichester 1986; 104–24, Ciba Foundation Symposium 124
   Google Scholar
• Poole A R, Webber C, Pidoux I, et al. Localization of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (DS-PG 11) in cartilage and the presence of immunologically related species in other tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 1986; 34: 619–25, Pathology (1989), 21, January
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armiger L C, Gavin J B, Barratt-Boyes B G. Histological assessment of orthotopic aortic valve leaflet allografts: Its role in selecting graft pre-treatment. Pathology 1983; 15: 67–73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung D T, Nimni M E. Mechanism of cross-linking of proteins by glutaraldehyde 11. Reaction with monomeric and polymeric collagen. Connect Tissue Res 1982; 10: 201–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnhart G R, Jones M, Ishihara T, et al. Degeneration and calcification of bioprosthetic cardiac valves. Am J Pathol 1982; 106: 136–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levy R J, Schoen F J, Levy J T, et al. Biologic determinants of dystrophic calcification and osteocalcin deposition in glutaraldehyde preserved porcine aortic valve leaflets implanted subcutaneously in rats. Aust J Pathol 1983; 113: 143–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar