Relationships between the Fluoride and Magnesium Concentrations in Drinking Water and Some Components in Serum Related to Cardiovascular Diseases in Men from Four Rural Districts in Finland

References

• Anonymous editor: The water story. Lancet 1969; 1012
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous editor: Ischaemic heart disease, the ‘water factor’ and serum electrolytes. Canad. med. Ass. J. 1970; 103: 80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Auermann E. Untersuchungen über die Gesamtfluoraufnahme des Menschen. Dtsch. Gesundh.-Wes. 1972; 27: 86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bernstein D. S., Sadowsky N., Hegsted D. M., Guri C. D., Stare F. J. Prevalence of osteoporosis in high- and low-fluoride areas in North Dakota. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1966; 198: 499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessey D. A., Lowry O. H., Brock M. J. A method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphatase with five cubic milliliters of serum. J. biol. Chem. 1946; 164: 321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiemchaisri Y., Phillips P. H. Effect of dietary fluoride upon the magnesium calcinosis syndrome. J. Nutr. 1963; 81: 307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiemchaisri Y., Phillips P. H. Certain factors including fluoride which affect magnesium calcinosis in the dog and rat. J. Nutr. 1965; 86: 23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cook H. A. Fluoride and tea. Lancet 1969; 329
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Correa F., Strong J. P. Atherosclerosis and the geochemical environment: A critical review. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1972; 199: 217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crawford T., Crawford M. D. Prevalence and pathological changes of ischaemic heart disease in hard water and in a soft water area. Lancet I 1967; 229
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crawford M. D., Gardner M. J., Morris J. N. Mortality and hardness of local water supplies. Lancet I 1968; 827
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawson E. B., McGanity W. J. Relationship of rainfall, drinking water, and physiological metal levels to cardiovascular mortality in Texas. Abstracts of Short Communications of IX International Congress of Nutrition, Mexico. 1972; 51
   Google Scholar
• Dittrich H. Untersuchungen über den Kalium-, Natrium- und Wassergehalt an Leichenherzen bei Herzinsuffizienz und Myokardinfarkt. Beitr. path. Anat. 1959; 121: 426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferguson D. B. Effects of low doses of fluoride on serum proteins and a serum enzyme in man. Nature (Lond.) 1971; 231: 159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fleishman A. I., Bierenbaum M. L., Stein R., Hayton T. Effect of fluoridated water upon serum lipids, ions and cardiovascular disease mortality rates. Abstracts of Short Communications of IX International Congress of Nutrition, Mexico. 1972; 52
   Google Scholar
• Frieden E. The chemical elements of life. Scientif. American 1972; 227: 52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haataja J. Havaintoja hammasmädän levin-neisyydestä suomalaisilla lapsilla. (Observations on the prevalence of dental caries in Finnish children). Organon Dentale 1958; 5: 12
   Google Scholar
• Häsänen E. Iodine content of drinking water and diseases of the circulatory system. Ann. Med. exp. Fenn. 1970; 48: 117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heilmann K., Völkl A., Fölsch U. Frühdiagnose des Myokardinfarkts. Arzneimittel. Forsch. 1972; 26: 207
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins G. N., Venkateswarlu P., Zipkin I. Physiological effects of small doses of fluoride. Fluorides and Human Health. WHO, Geneva 1970; 163, WHO Monograph series No 59
   Google Scholar
• Karvonen M. J. Sepelvaltimotaudin riskitekijät kansainvälisessä epidemiologisessa tutkimuksessa. (Risk factors in coronary heart disease). Suom. Lääk.-L. 1971; 26: 1199
   Google Scholar
• Keys A., Aravanis C., Blackburn H. W., Van Buchem F. S., et al. Epidemiological studies related to coronary heart disease: Characteristics of men aged 40–59 in seven countries. Acta med. scand. 1966, Suppl. 460
   Google Scholar
• Coronary Heart Disease in Seven Countries, A. Keys, New York 1970, American Heart Association Monograph No 29
   Google Scholar
• Koivistoinen P., Ahlström A., Nissinen, Pekkarinen H.M., Roine P. Mineral element compositions of Finnish diets. Part I: Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg, Na, K, Ca and P. Suom. Kemistilchti B 1970; 43: 426
   Google Scholar
• Luoma H., Helminen S., Rytömaa I., Meurman J., Ranta H. Fluoride and magnesium contents of drinking water and the cardiovascular diseases in men of four rural communes in Finland. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1972; 29: 18, Suppl. 122
   Google Scholar
• Luoma H., Meurman, Helminen J. H.S.J., Koskinen K., Ranta H. Modification of dental caries and calculus in rats by fluoride and bicarbonate-phosphate-fluoride additions to dietary sugar. Arch. oral Biol. 1972; 17: 1431
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luoma H., Turtola L. O., Collan Y., Meurman J. H., Helminen S. J. Effect of bicarbonate-phosphate additive, without and with fluoride, on the growth and dental caries in rats. Caries Res. 1972; 6: 18
   Google Scholar
• McClendon J. F., Gerschon-Cohen J. Water-culture crops designed to study deficiencies in animals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1963; 1: 464
   Google Scholar
• Muhler J. C. Ingestion from foods. Fluorides and Human Health. WHO, Geneva 1970; 32, WHO Monograph series No 59
   Google Scholar
• O'Dell B. L., Morris E. R., Regan W. O. Magnesium requirement of guinea pigs and rats. Effect of calcium and phosphorus and symptoms of magnesium deficiency. J. Nutr. 1960; 70: 103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punsar S. Tupakointi ja sepelvaltimotauti. (Smoking and coronary heart disease). Suom. Lääk.-L. 1971; 26: 27
   Google Scholar
• Pyke R. E., Hoekstra W. G., Phillips P. H. Effects of fluoride on magnesium deficiency in the guinea pig. J. Nutr. 1967; 92: 311
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rissanen V., Romo M., Siltanen P., Pyörälä K., Halonen P. I. Sudden coronary death on the basis of WHO ischaemic heart disease register in Helsinki. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1971; 27: 18, Suppl. 116
   Google Scholar
• Royer M. E., Ko H. A simplified semiautomated assay for plasma triglycerides. Analyt. Biochem. 1969; 29: 405
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheinin A., Kalijärvi E., Harjola O., Heikkinen K. Prevalence of dental caries and dental health in relation to variable concentration of fluorides in drinking water. Acta odont. scand. 1964; 22: 229
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schroeder H. A., Battleboro W. Relation between mortality from cardiovascular diseases and treated water supplies. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1960; 172: 1902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer L., Armstrong W. D. Effects of fluoride intake on plasma lipid contents and atherosclerosis. Program and abstracts of papers presented at the 49th General Session of the International Accociation for Dental Research. Chicago 1971; 148, abstr. 384
   Google Scholar
• Truett J., Cronfield J., Kannel W. Multivariate analysis of the risk of coronary heart disease in Framingham. J. chron. Dis. 1967; 20: 511
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vitale J. J., White P. L., Nakamura M., Hegsted D. H., Zamchechk N., Hellerstein E. E. Interrelationships between experimental hypercholesteremia, magnesium requirement and experimental atherosclerosis. J. exp. Med. 1957; 106: 757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wäre M. Results of analysis of water used for household purposes in Finnish rural communities in September-October 1958 and data concerning the water supply points. Engineering Department of the Board of Agriculture. Soil and Hydrotechnical Research Bureau. 1961, Report 391961
   Google Scholar
• Zipkin I., Zukas S. M., Lavender D. R., Fullmer H. M., Schiffman E., Corcoran B. A. Fluoride and calcification of rat aorta. Calc. Tiss. Res. 1970; 6: 173
   PubMedGoogle Scholar