Studies on Tryptophan Metabolism in Man: The Effect of Hormones and Vitamin B₆ on Urinary Excretion of Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway: Part 2

References

• Altman K., Greengard O. Correlation of kynurenine excretion with liver tryptophan pyrrolase levels in disease and after hydrocortisone induction. J. clin. Invest. 1966; 45: 1527, (18, 19, 59, 62, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 84, 87, 100, 105)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aly H. E., Donald E. A., Simpson M. H. W. Oral contraceptives and vitamin B6 metabolism. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 297, (59, 115, 138)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Vitamin B6 requirements in man. Pediatrics 1966; 38: 1068, (60, 63, 89)
   Google Scholar
• Asatoor A. M. Pyridoxine deficiency in the rat produced by D-penicillamin. Nature (Lond.) 1964; 203: 1382, (72)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asatoor A. M., Craske T., London D. R., Milne M. D. Indole production in Hartnup disease. Lancet 1963; 1: 126, (98)
   Google Scholar
• Auricchio S., Rigillo N., DiToro R. The biosynthesis of nicotinic acid from tryptophan in the rat liver during pregnancy and foetal and neonatal life. Bid. Neonat. 1961; 3: 149, (19, 21, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Axelrod H. E., Morgan A. F., Lepkovsky S. The fate of tryptophane in pydidoxine-deficient and normal dogs. J. biol. Chem. 1945; 160: 155, (64, 86)
   Google Scholar
• Babcock M. J., Brush M., Sostman E. Evaluation of vitamin B6 nutrition. J. Nutr. 1960; 70: 369, (59, 63, 64, 65, 89, 92, 93)
   Google Scholar
• Baker E. M., Canham J. E., Nunes W. T., Sauberlich H. E., McDowell M. E. Vitamin B6 requirement for adult men. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 59, (59, 63, 64, 65, 89, 91)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baron D. N., Dent C. E., Harris H., Hart E. W., Jepson J. B. Heriditary pellagra-like skin rash with temporary cerebellar ataxia, constant renal amino-aciduria, and other bizarre biochemical features. Lancet 1956; 2: 421, (98)
   Google Scholar
• Baumblatt M. J., Winston F. Pyridoxine and the pill. Lancet 1970; 1: 832, (149)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baysal A., Johnson B. A., Linkswiler H. Vitamin B6 depletion in man: Blood vitamin B6, plasma pyridoxal phosphate, serum cholesterol, serum transaminases and urinary vitamin B6 and 4-pyridoxic acid. J. Nutr. 1966; 89: 19, (63, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 138)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beacon J. R., Cavan R. E., McGanity W. J., McHenry E. W., Watt G. L. The levels of several metabolites in blood and urine during normal pregnancy. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1951; 62: 156, (109)
   Google Scholar
• Becking G. C., Johnson W. J. The inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase by allupurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Canad. J. Biochem. 1967; 45: 1667, (20)
   Google Scholar
• Beher W. T., Crigger E. M., Gaebler O. H. The effect of testosterone propionate on niacin metabolism in rats. J. Nutr. 1952; 47: 353, (29)
   Google Scholar
• Benassi C. A., Allegri C., Benassi P., Rabassini A. Ttyptophan metabolism in special pairs of twins. Clin. Chem. Acta 1964; 9: 101, (59, 101)
   Google Scholar
• Benassi C. A., Veronese F. M., DeAntoni A. On the determination of small amounts of tryptophan metabolites and their occurrence in normal human urine. Clin. Chem. Acta 1967; 17: 383, (36, 41, 42, 50, 51)
   Google Scholar
• Benhamou E., Laurent A., Amouch P. Grossesse et carence en vitamine B6. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 1959; 153: 1206, (108)
   Google Scholar
• Benson E. M., Peters J. M., Edwards M. A., Malinow M. R., Storvick C. A. Vitamin B6 in blood, urine and liver of monkeys. J. Nutr. 1968; 96: 83, (90)
   Google Scholar
• Berg C. P. Tryptophane metabolism I. The production of kynurenic acid from tryptophane derivatives. J. biol. Chem. 1931; 91: 513, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Bessey O. A., Adam D. J. D., Hansen A. E. Intake of vitamin B6 and infantile convulsions: A first approximation of requirements of pyridoxine in infants. Pediatrics 1957; 20: 33, (59, 100)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besthorn E. Kynurensäure. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 1921; 54: 1330, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Biehl J. P., Vilter R. W. Effect of isoniazid on vitamin B6 metabolism; its possible significance in producing isoniazid neuritis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 1954; 85: 389, (59, 70, 71, 72, 91, 92)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bokman A. H., Schweigert B. S. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolism IV Spectropho tometric evidence for the formation of an intermediate. Arch. Biochem. 1951; 33: 270, (16, 21)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boone J. W., Turney D. F., Langham W. H. Isoniazid in vitamin B6 deficient rats. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1955; 46: 549, (69, 71)
   Google Scholar
• Borglin N. E., Falk V. Observations on the supposed deficiency of vitamin B6 in pregnancy. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1959; 38: 190, (59, 108, 110)
   Google Scholar
• Boyland E., Williams D. C. The metabolism of tryptophan in patients suffering from cancer of the bladder. Biochem. J. 1956; 64: 578, (36, 59)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratton A. C., Marshall E. K., Jr. A new coupling component for sulfanilamide determination. J. biol. Chem. 1939; 128: 537, (33, 35, 36)
   Google Scholar
• Braunstein A. E. Pyridoxal phosphate. The Enzymes, P. Boyer, H. Lardy, K. Myrbäck. Academic Press, New York 1960; vol. 2: 113–184, (68, 70)
   Google Scholar
• Braunstein A. E., Goryochenkova E. V., Paskhinaja T. S. Enzymatic formation of alanine from L-kynurenine and L-tryptophan, the role of vitamin B6 in this process. Biokhimiya 1949; 14: 163, (15, 21)
   Google Scholar
• Briggs A. P. A colorimetric method for the determination of homogentisic acid in urine. J. biol. Chem. 1922; 51: 453, (36)
   Google Scholar
• Brin M. Use of the erythrocyte in functional evaluation of vitamin adequacy. The red blood cell, C. Bishop, D. M. Surgenor. Academic Press, London 1964; 451–476, (93)
   Google Scholar
• Brin M., Tai M., Ostashever A. S., Kalinsky H. The relative effects of pyridoxine deficiency on two plasma transaminases in the growing and in the adult rat. J. Nutr. 1960; 71: 416, (92, 93)
   Google Scholar
• Brown F. C., Berg C. P. The effect of adrenalectomy and cortisone administration on the metabolism of L-tryptophan. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 221: 1083, (77)
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. R. The isolation and determination of hydroxykynurenine. J. biol. Chem. 1957; 227: 649, (33, 35, 36, 37, 51, 61)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Hankes L. V., Kawashima R. Carbonyl-C14-labelled 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine. Biochem. Prep. 1962; 9: 79, (35)
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Price J. M. The synthesis of N-acetyl-L-kynurenine. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1955; 77: 4158, (35)
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Price J. M. Quantitative studies on the urinary excretion of anthranilic acid metabolites in rats and man. Fed. Proc. 1956; 15: 225, (15, 35, 67)
   Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Price J. M. Quantitative studies on metabolites of tryptophan in the urine of dog, cat, rat and man. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 219: 985, (28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 51, 52, 59, 61)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Rose D. P., Price J. M., Wolf H. Tryptophan metabolism as affected by anovulatory drugs. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 44, (68, 99, 113, 138)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Thornton M. J., Price J. M. The effect of vitamin supplementation on the urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites by pregnant women. J. clin. Invest. 1961; 40: 617, (59, 108, 109, 111, 117, 135, 137)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown R. R., Yess N., Price J. M., Linkswiler H., Swan P., Hankes L. V. Vitamin B6. depletion in man: Urinary excretion of quinolinic acid and niacin metabolites. J. Nutr. 1965; 87: 419, (50, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 138, 142, 146)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bryan G. T. A sentitive colorimetric method for the determination of urinary indoxyl sulfate (indican). Analyt. Biochem. 1965; 10: 120, (34, 35)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bryan G. T. Quantitative studies on the urinary excretion of indoxyl sulfate (indican) in man following administration of L-tryptophan and acetyl-L-tryptophan. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 105, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Bryan G. T. Urinary excretion of indoxyl sulfate (indican) by human subjects ingesting a semisynthetic diet containing variable quantities of L-tryptophan. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 113, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Busch H., Hurlbert R. B., Potter V. R. Anion exchange chromatography of acids of the citric acid cycle. J. biol. Chem. 1952; 196: 717, (35)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canal N., Faccioli A. M. Distribuzione della triptofano-perossidasi-ossidasi (TPO) in alcune specie animali. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 1959; 31: 305, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Capaldi A. Ein Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Kynurensäure. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1897; 23: 92, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M., Jones P., Lauritsen M., Humphreys S. Tryptophan derivatives in the urine of pyridoxine-deficient swine. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 1944; 75: 35, (64, 86)
   Google Scholar
• Cavanagh J. B., Ridley A. R. The nature of the neuropathy complicating acute intermittent porphyria. Lancet 1967; 2: 1023, (99)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabner B. A., DeVita V. T., Livingstone D. M., Oliverio V. T. Abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism and plasma pyridoxal phosphate in Hodgkin's disease. New Engl. J. Med. 1970; 282: 838, (59, 61, 100)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang M. L. W., Johnson B. C. N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, a new major normal metabolite of nicotinic acid in rat urine. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 1817, (45)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaykin S., Dagami M., Johnson L., Samli M. The fate of nicotinamide in the mouse. Urinary metabolites. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 932, (24)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney M. C., Curry D. M., Beaton G. H. Blood transaminase activities in B6 deficiency: Specificity and sensitivity. Canad. J. physiol. Pharmacol. 1965; 43: 579, (92)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney M. C., Sabry Z. I., Beaton G. H. Blood transaminase activities in vitamin B, deficiency: Effect of depletion and repletion on erythrocyte enzymes. Canad. J. physiol. Pharmacol. 1967; 45: 343, (92, 93)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheslock K. E., McCully M. T. Response of human beings to a low vitamin B6 diet. J. Nutr. 1960; 70: 507, (59, 64, 65, 90)
   Google Scholar
• Chiancone F. M. Un »test« biochemico della carenza di pyridoxina: L'indice xanturenico. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1950; 4: 193, (86)
   Google Scholar
• Chiancone F. M. La triptofan-pirrolasi epatica nella fisiologia e nella patologia sperimentale. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1963; 17: 183, (19)
   Google Scholar
• Chiancone F. M. Enzymes of the tryptophan → nicotinic acid pathway. Newer methods of nutritional biochemistry, A. A. Al-Banese. Academic Press, New York 1965; vol. 2: 249–284, (57)
   Google Scholar
• Chiancone F. M., Ginoulhiac E., Bonomi V., Tenconi L. T., Careddu P. The tryptophan pyrrolase activity of human liver. Experientia (Basel) 1967; 23: 617, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Chiancone F. M., Ginoulhiac E., Mainardi L., Tenconi L. T. The elimination of some tryptophan metabolites after removal of endocrine glands. Arch. Biochem. 1955; 54: 15, (77)
   Google Scholar
• Cho-Chung Y. S., Pitot H. C. Feedback control of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase I. End product inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase activity. J. biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 1192, (20, 26)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Civen M., Knox W. E. The specificity of tryptophan analoques as inducers, substrates, inhibitors, and stabilizers of liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J. biol. Chem. 1960; 235: 1716, (19, 26)
   Google Scholar
• Clarke N. E., Clarke C. N., Mosher R. E. The »in vivo« dissolution of metastatic calcium. An approach to atherosclerosis. Amer. J. med. Sci. 1955; 229: 142, (73)
   Google Scholar
• Contractor S. F., Shane B. Blood and urine levels of vitamin B6 in the mother and fetus before and after loading of the mother with vitamin B6. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1970; 107: 635, (109, 110)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coon W. W. The tryptophan load and pyridoxine deficiency. Amer. J. clin. Path. 1966; 46: 345, (50, 61, 84, 85, 86, 134, 135)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coppini D., Benassi C. A., Montorsi M. Quantitative determination of tryptophan metabolites (via kynurenine) in biologic fluids. Clin. Chem. 1959; 5: 391, (36, 41)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coursin D. B. Convulsive seizures in infants with pyridoxine-deficient diet. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1954; 154: 406, (100)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coursin D. B. Recommendations for standardization of the tryptophan load test. Amer. J. din. Nutr. 1964; 14: 56, (55, 58, 86)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coursin D. B., Brown V. C. Changes in vitamin B6 during pregnancy. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1961; 82: 1307, (110)
   Google Scholar
• Crawhall J. C., Scowen E. F., Watts R. W. E. Effect of penicillamin on cystinuria. Brit. med. J. 1963; 1: 588, (72)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crepaldi G., Parpajola A. Excretion of tryptophan metabolites in different forms of haemablastosis. Clin. Chem. Acta 1964; 9: 106, (59, 85)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csányi V., Greengard O. Effect of hypophysectomy and growth hormone on the induction of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan oxygenase by hydrocortisone. Arch. Biochem. 1968; 125: 824, (19)
   Google Scholar
• Curson G., Green A. R. Rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity and brain 5-hydroxytryptamin. Biochem. J. 1969; 111: 15P, (148, 149)
   Google Scholar
• Dalgliesh C. E. The relation between pyridoxin and tryptophan metabolism, studied in rat. Biochem. J. 1952; 52: 3, (21, 36, 39, 64)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalgliesh C. E., Knox W. E., Neuberger A. Intermediary metabolism of tryptophan. Nature (London) 1951; 168: 20, (14, 15, 17, 21)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalgliesh C. E., Tabechian H. Comparison of the metabolism of uniformly 14C-labelled L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosin and L-tryptophan in the rat. Biochem. J. 1956; 62: 625, (16, 25)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaSilva A. C., Fried R., DeAngelis R. C. The domestic cat as a laboratory animal for experimental nutrition studies. J. Nutr. 1952; 46: 399, (22, 26)
   Google Scholar
• DeCastro F. T., Brown R. R., Price J. M. The intermediary metabolism of tryptophan by cat and rat tissue preparations. J. biol. Chem. 1957; 228: 777, (20, 21, 27)
   Google Scholar
• DeCastro F. T., Price J. M., Brown R. R. Reduced triphosphopyridine-nucleotide requirement for the enzymatic formation of 3-hydroxykynurenine from L-kynurenine. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 1956; 78: 2904, (15, 20, 21)
   Google Scholar
• Decker R. H., Yess N, Brown R. R. Preparation of N1-methylnicotinamide chloride by Dowex-2 chloride. Analyt. Biochem. 1962; 3: 357, (43)
   Google Scholar
• DeLaey P., Hooft C., Timmermans J., Snoeck J. Biochemical aspects of the Hartnup disease I. Results of intravenous and oral tryptophan loading tests in a case of Hartnup disease. Ann. Paediat. 1964; 202: 145, (98, 99)
   Google Scholar
• DeMoor P., Verberckmoes R., Heyns W. Unbound plasma cortisol as measured by ultrafiltration in vivo:, Effect of estrogen treatment. J. clin. Endocr. 1968; 28: 313, (144)
   Google Scholar
• Dengler H. Zur Hemmung der L-Glutaminsäure- und L-Dopa-decarboxylase durch D-Cycloserin und andere Isoxazolidone. Arch, exp. Path. Pharmacol. 1962; 243: 366, (73)
   Google Scholar
• Diding N. A., Melander S. E. J. Serum vitamin B6 level in normal and toxaemic pregnancy. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1961; 40: 252, (109)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich L. S., Fuller L., Yero I. L., Martinez L. Nicotinamide mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity in animal tissue. J. biol. Chem. 1966; 241: 188, (17, 24)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich L. S., Martinez L., Muniz O., Farinas B. Effect of hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy on enzymes concerned with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthesis. Endocrinology 1967; 81: 799, (22, 23, 24, 30, 147)
   Google Scholar
• Dietrich L. S., Yero I. L. Endocrine involvement in the suppression of NAD synthesis produced by hyperphysiological levels of steroid hormones. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1965; 97: 385, (23, 29, 147)
   Google Scholar
• Draper H. H., Hironaka R., Jensen A. H. A study of xanthurenic acid excretion by swine. J. Anim. Sci. 1958; 17: 68, (108, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Drill V. A., Saunders F. J. Biological activity of norethynodrel. Proceedings of a Symposinm on 19-Nor Progestational Steroids. Searle Research Laboratories, Chicago 1957; 5–13, (115)
   Google Scholar
• Edgren R. A., Jones R. C., Peterson D. L. A biological classification of progestational agents. Fertil. and Steril. 1967; 18: 238, (119)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman B. Paper chromatography of primary aromatic amines. Acta chem. scand. 1948; 2: 383, (39)
   Google Scholar
• Ellinger A., Flamand C. Über syntetisch gewonnenes Tryptophan und einige seiner Derivate. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1908; 55: 8, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Elton R. L., Edgren R. A. Biochemical actions of 17α-(2-methallyl)-19-nortestosterone, an orally active progestational agent. Endocrinology 1958; 63: 464, (119)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigelson P., Greengard O. A microsomal iron-porphyrin activator of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J. biol. Chem. 1961; 236: 153, (18, 99)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigelson P., Greengard O. Regulation of liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity. J. biol. Chem. 1908; 237: 1962, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Feigelson P., Greengard O. Immunochemical evidence for increased titers of liver tryptophan pyrrolase during substrate and hormonal enzyme induction. J. biol. Chem. 1962; 237: 3714, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Felsted R. L., Chaykin S. N-methylnicotinamide oxidation. in a number of mammals. J. biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 1274, (25)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford J., Mason M. Effects of anionic steroids and glycolytic intermediates on the catalytic activity, conformation, and stability of phosphorylase B. Proc. nut. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 1968; 59: 980, (139)
   Google Scholar
• Frazier E. J., Prather M. E., Hoene E. Nicotinic acid metabolism in humans I. The urinary excretion of nicotinic acid and its metabolic derivatives on four levels of dietary intake. J. Nutr. 1955; 16: 501, (54)
   Google Scholar
• Frieden E., Westmarch G. W., Schor J. M. Inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase by serotonin, epinephrine and tryptophan analogs. Arch. Biochem. 1961; 92: 176, (19, 20, 99)
   Google Scholar
• Fujita A., Fujino K. Fluorometric determination of vitamin B6 IV. Fractional determination of vitamin B6 components and 4-pyridoxic acid in the urine. J. Vitaminol. 1955; 1: 290, (47)
   Google Scholar
• Furst A., Olsen C. J. A convenient synthesis of xanthurenic acid. J. org. Chem. 1951; 16: 412, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Gassmann B., Knapp A., Gärtner H., Ehrt D. Über Vitamin-B6-Mangel und die Harnausscheidung von Xanthurenäure und andere Tryptophan-Metaboliten bei Kranken III Mitteilung. Die Umwandung von Tryptophan in Nicotinsäure bei Vitamin-B6-Mangelzuständen. Klin. Wschr. 1959; 37: 189, (59, 66, 72, 111)
   Google Scholar
• Gassmann B., Scheunert A. Über die Bestimmung von N1-Methylnicotinsäure im Ham. Pharmazie 1958; 13: 515, (43)
   Google Scholar
• Geschwind I. I., Li C. H. Influence of hypophysectomy and of adrenocorticotropic hormone on mammalian adaptive enzyme system. Nature (London) 1953; 172: 732, (18, 19)
   Google Scholar
• Gholson R. K. The pyridine nucleotide cycle. Nature (London) 1966; 212: 933, (24)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholson R. K., Rao D. R., Henderson L. M., Hill R. J., Koeppe R. E. The metabolism of DL-tryptophan-7α-C14 by the rat. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 230: 179, (16, 25)
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh D., Forrest H. S. Enzymatic studies on the hydroxylation of kynurenine in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 1967; 55: 423, (20)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh D., Green R., Jr. Urinary levels of kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine in the rat: Effect of triamterene. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1970; 41: 1421, (20)
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs K., Walsche J. M. Interruption of the tryptophan — nicotinic acid pathway by penicillamin-induced pyridoxine deficiency in patients with Wilson's disease and in experimental animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 158, (59, 72)
   Google Scholar
• Ginoulhiac E., Ferrari V., Tenconi L. T. Activité de la 3-hydroxyanthranilique-oxydase dans le sérum. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1961; 15: 3, (21)
   Google Scholar
• Ginoulhiac E., Tenconi L. T. Influenza della ipofisectomia su alcune attivita enzimatiche che regolano il metabolismo del triptofano: Triptofanperossidasi-ossidasi, chinureninasi, 3-OH-anthranilico-ossidasi, picolini-cocarbossilasi. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 1959; 35: 1801, (21, 147)
   Google Scholar
• Ginoulhiac E., Tenconi L. T., Bonomi U. Attivita enzimatiche della linea triptofano —acido nicotinico nel diabete dapancreasectomia del ratto. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1964; 18: 205, (19, 21, 22, 27)
   Google Scholar
• Glazer H. S., Mueller J. F., Thompson C., Hawkins U. R., Vilter R. W. A study of urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and other tryptophan metabolites in human beings with pyridoxine deficiency induced by desoxypyridoxine. Arch. Biochem. 1951; 33: 243, (41, 59, 69, 86)
   Google Scholar
• Glock G. E., McLean P. Effects of hormones on levels of oxidized and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and triphosphopyridine nucleotide in liver and diaphragm. Biochem. J. 1955; 61: 397, (29)
   Google Scholar
• Gluecksohn-Waelsch S., Greengard P., Quinn G. P., Teicher L. S. Genetic variations of an oxidase in mammals. J. biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 1271, (25, 84, 118)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith G. A., Miller O. N., Unglaub W. G. Efficiency of tryptophan as a niacin precursor in man. J. Nutr. 1961; 73: 172, (27, 49, 54)
   Google Scholar
• Gooder H., Happold F. C. The tryptophanase — tryptophan reaction. The nature of the enzyme-coenzyme-substrate complex. Biochem. J. 1954; 57: 369, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Gordon W. G., Kaufman R. E., Jackson R. W. Excretion of kynurenic acid by mammalian organism. Method for identification of small amounts of kynurenic acid. J. biol. Chem. 1936; 113: 125, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Greenbaum A. L., Pinder S. The pathway of biosynthesis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in rat mammary gland. Biochem. J. 1968; 107: 55, (24)
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg L. D., Bohr D. F., McGrath H., Rinehart J. F. Xanthurenic acid excretion in the human subject on a pyridoxine-deficient diet. Arch. Biochem. 1949; 21: 237, (59, 64, 86)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg L. D., Rinehart J. F. Xanthurenic acid excretion in pyridoxine deficient rhesus monkeys. Fed. Proc. 1948; 7: 157, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O. The role of coenzymes, cortisone and RNA in the control of liver enzyme levels. Advanc. Enz. Regul. 1963; 1: 61, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O. The regulation of apoenzyme levels by coenzymes anb hormones. Advanc. Enz. Regul. 1964; 2: 277, (81)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O., Feigelson P. A difference between the modes of action of substrate and hormonal inducers of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase. Nature (London) 1961; 190: 446, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O., Feigelson P. The purification and properties of liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J. biol. Chem. 1903; 237: 1962, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O., Gordon M. The cofactor-mediated regulation of apoenzyme levels in animal tissues I. The pyridoxal-induced rise of rat liver tyrosine transaminase level in vivo. J. biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 3708, (81)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O., Mendelsohn N., Acs G. Effect of cytoplasmatic particles on tryptophan pyrrolase activity of rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 1966; 241: 304, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard O., Smith M. A., Acs G. Relation of cortisone and synthesis of ribonucleic acid to induced and developmental enzyme formation. J. biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 1548, (18)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greengard P., Kalinsky H. J., Manning T. J. Tryptophan pyrrolase activity during pregnancy. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1968; 156: 198, (19, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard P., Petrack B., Craston A., Kalinsky H. J. Release of inhibition of rat liver nicotinamide deamidase by hypophysectomy. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1963; 13: 478, (23, 29)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard P., Petrack B., Kalinsky H. J. Effect of hypophysectomy on pyridinc nucleotide metabolism. The role of nicotinamide. J. biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 152, (29)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greengard P., Quinn G. P., Landrau M. A. Hormonal effects on DPN concentration in rat liver. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1961; 47: 614, (23, 28, 29, 147)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard P., Quinn G. P., Reid M. B. Pituitary influence on pyridine nucleotide metabolism of rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 1964; 239: 1887, (23, 24, 29)
   Google Scholar
• Greengard P., Quinn G. P., Reid M. B. Identification of hormones affecting pyridine nucleotide metabolism of rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 486, (29, 147)
   Google Scholar
• Guirard B. M., Snell E. E. Vitamin B6 function intransamination and decarboxylation reactions. Comprehensive Biochemistry, M. Florkin, E. Stotz. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, London, New York 1964; vol. 15: 138–199, (70)
   Google Scholar
• György P, Vitamin B. and the pellagra-like dermatitis in rats. Nature (London) 1934; 133: 498, (149)
   Google Scholar
• György P. International symposium on vitamin B6 in honor of professor Paul György. Concluding remarks. Vitam. and Horm. 1964; 22: 885, (149)
   Google Scholar
• Hagberg B., Hamfelt A., Hansson O. Tryptophan load tests and pyridoxal-5-phosphate levels in epileptic children II. Cryptogenic epilepsy. Acta paed. scand. 1966; 55: 371, (59, 100)
   Google Scholar
• Hagino Y., Lan S. J., Ng C. Y., Henderson L. M. Metabolism of pyridinium precursors of pyridine nucleotides in perfused rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 1968; 243: 4980, (24)
   Google Scholar
• Hagino Y., Yatsuhashi T., Ogasawara N., Kotake Y. The activities of some enzymes of tryptophan metabolism in fetal, neonatal and adult rat liver and kidney I. Kynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase. Nagoya J. med. Sci. 1965; 27: 218, (140)
   Google Scholar
• Hamfelt A. Enzymatic determination of pyridoxal phosphate in plasma by decarboxylation of L-tyrosine-14C (U) and a comparison with the tryptophan load test. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1967; 20: 1, (90)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamfelt A., Hahn L. Pyridoxal phosphate concentration in plasma and tryptophan load test: during pregnancy. Clin. chim. Acta 1969; 25: 91, (108, 109, 110)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamfelt A., Wetterberg L. Pyridoxal phosphate in acute intermittent porphyria. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 361, (59, 99)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hankes L. V., Brown R. R., Lippincott S., Schmaeler M. Effects of L-tryptophan load on the metabolism of tryptophan-2-C14 in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1967; 69: 313, (57, 59, 76, 84)
   Google Scholar
• Hansson O. Kinetics of urinary excretion of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid after tryptophan loading in man. Acta Soc. Med. upsalien. 1968; 73: 11, (55, 59, 87, 100, 138)
   Google Scholar
• Hansson O. Effect of 4-desoxypyridoxine on the initial excretion rates of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid after tryptophan loading. Acta Soc. Med. upsalien. 1968; 73: 19, (59, 68, 70, 86, 87, 90, 114, 138, 142)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansson O., Hagberg B. Effect of pyridoxine treatment in children with epilepsy. Acta Soc. Med. upsalien. 1968; 73: 35, (59, 101)
   Google Scholar
• Harding H. R., Rosen F., Nichol C. A. Effect of pregnancy on several cortisol-responsive enzymes in rat liver. Amer. J. Physiol. 1966; 211: 1361, (143)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayaishi O., Ijichi H., Ichiyama A. Studies on the biosynthesis of NAD by a direct method of tracing metabolism in vivo. Advane. Enz. Regul. 1967; 1: 9, (22, 25, 27)
   Google Scholar
• Heilmann H., Knapp A., Stolp A., Sudhodoletz O. V. Über die Einfluss von Ovulationshemmern auf den Tryptophanstoffwechsel in Abhängigkeit von Vitamin B6. Klin. Wschr. 1968; 46: 1059, (59, 114, 149)
   Google Scholar
• Heimberg M., Rosen F., Leder J. G., Perlzweig W. A. The significance of dietary pyridoxine, niacin and protein in the conversion of tryptophan to N1-methylnicotinamide. Arch. Biochem. 1950; 28: 225, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Henderson L. M., Ramasarma G. B., Johnson B. C. Quinolinic acid metabolism IV. Urinary excretion by man and other mammals as affected by the ingestion of tryptophan. J. biol. Chem. 1949; 181: 731, (16, 26, 50)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson L. M., Weinstock I. M., Ramasarma G. B. Effect of deficiency of B vitamins on the metabolism of tryptophan by rat. J. biol. Chem. 1951; 189: 19, (20, 64)
   Google Scholar
• Heyl D. The chemistry of vitamin B6 V. Conversion of pyridoxine to the lactone of 4-pyridoxic acid. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 1948; 70: 3434, (46)
   Google Scholar
• Hill H. D., Summer G. K., Roszel N. O. Determination of tryptophan derivatives by thin-layer chromatography. Analyt. Biochem. 1966; 16: 84, (37, 42)
   Google Scholar
• Hines J. D., Love D. S. Determination of serum and blood pyridoxal phosphate concentrations with purified rabbit skeletal musle apophosphorylase b. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1969; 73: 343, (90, 100)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodges R. E., Bean W. B., Ohlson M. A., Bleier R. E. Factors affecting human antibody response IV. Pyridoxine deficiency. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1962; 11: 180, (59, 63, 64, 65, 69)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holman W. I. M. Colorimetric method for determination of principal metabolites of nicotinic acid in human urine. Biochem. J. 1954; 56: 513, (45)
   Google Scholar
• Holman W. I. M., Delange D. J. Methods for determination of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxylamide and of N-methyl-2-pyridone-3-carboxylamide in human urine. Biochem. J. 1949; 45: 559, (45)
   Google Scholar
• Holtz P., Palm D. Pharmacological aspects of vitamin B6. Pharmacol. Rev. 1964; 16: 113, (70, 72)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins F. G., Cole S. W. A contribution to the chemistry of proteids. Part I. A preliminary study of a hitherto undescribed product of tryptic digestion. J. Physiol. (London) 1901; 27: 418, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Horwitt M. K., Harvey C. C., Rothwell W. S., Cutler J. L., Haffron D. Tryptophan — niacin relationship in man. Studies with diets deficient in riboflavin and niacin, together with observations on the excretion of nitrogen and niacin metabolites. J. Nutr. 1956; 60(suppl. 1)1, (27, 49)
   Google Scholar
• Huff J. W., Perlzweig W. A. Product of oxidative metabolism of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-hydroxymethylpyridine (4-pyridoxic acid); isolation from urine, structure and synthesis. J. biol. Chem. 1944; 155: 345, (46, 47, 91)
   Google Scholar
• Huff J. W., Perlzweig W. A. Fluorescent condensation product of N1-methylnicotinamide and acetone; sensitive method for determination of N1-methylnicotinamide in urine. J. biol. Chem. 1947; 167: 157, (43, 44)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huff S. D., Chaykin S. Genetic and androgenic control of N1-methylnicotinamide oxidase activity in mice. J. biol. Chem. 1967; 242: 1265, (25)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huff S. D., Chaykin S. Genetics of testosterone action, in vivo, on liver N1-methylnicotinamide oxidase activity in mice. Endocrinology 1968; 83: 1259, (25)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes P. A. M., Raine D. N. In vivo formation of pyridoxal phosphate Schiff's base — an inherent defect in the tryptophan load test. Clin. chim. Acta 1966; 14: 399, (85)
   Google Scholar
• Hvidt S., Kjeldsen K. Malabsorption induced by small doses of neomycin sulphate. Acta med. scand. 1963; 173: 699, (32)
   Google Scholar
• Ichiyama A., Nakamura S., Kawai H., Honjo T., Nishizuka Y., Hayaishi O., Senoh S. Studies on the metabolism of the benzene ring of tryptophan in mammalian tissues II. Enzymatic formation of α-aminomuconic acid from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 740, (14, 16, 21, 22)
   Google Scholar
• Ijichi H., Ichiyama A., Hayaishi O. Studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide III. Comparative in vivo, studies on nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and quinolinic acid as precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J. biol. Chem. 1966; 242: 3701, (14, 24, 29)
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda M., Tsuji H., Nakamura S., Ichiyama A., Nishizuka Y., Hayaishi O. Studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide II. A role of picolinic carboxylase in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from tryptophan in mammals. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 1395, (14, 21, 22, 27, 28)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imsande J., Handler P. Biosynthesis of diphospyridine nucleotide III. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase. J. biol. Chem. 1961; 236: 525, (23)
   Google Scholar
• Itagaki C., Nakayama Y. Zur Kenntnis der Tryptophanpyrrolase und der Kynureninase. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1941; 270: 83, (14)
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe J. A. Antivitamin B6 effect of D-penicillamin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 57, (73)
   Google Scholar
• Johansson S., Lindstedt S., Register U., Wadström L. Studies on the metabolism of labelled pyridoxine in man. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1966; 18: 185, (91, 94)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joubert C. P., deLange D. J. A modification of the method for the determination of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and its application in the evaluation of nicotinic acid status. Proc. Nutr. Soc. Sth. Afr. 1962; 3: 60, (45)
   Google Scholar
• Junquiera P. B., Schweigert B. S. Further studies on the role of vitamin B6 in the metabolism of tryptophan by the rat. J. biol. Chem. 1948; 174: 605, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Kaihara M., Price J. M. The metabolism of quinaldic acid, kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid in the rabbit. J. biol. Chem. 1962; 237: 1727, (14)
   Google Scholar
• Kaihara M., Price J. M. The effect of feeding neomycin on the dehydroxylation of xanthurenic acid to 8-hydroxyquinaldic acid by the rabbit. J. biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 4082, (14, 32)
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan N. O. Regulation of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes. J. Vitaminol. 1968; 14: 103, (24, 25, 28)
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan N. O., Goldin A., Humphreys S. R., Ciotti M. D., Stolzenbach F. E. Pyridine nucleotide synthesis in mouse. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 219: 287, (20, 23, 28, 29)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karlin R., Dumont M. Contribution à l'érude du taux de vitamine B6 pendent l'accouchement dans le sang total de la mère et dansle sang total du cordon. Gynlc. et Obstht. 1963; 62: 281, (109)
   Google Scholar
• Karmen A., Wroblewski F., la Due J. S. Transaminase activity in human blood. J. clin. Invest. 1955; 34: 126, (93)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamura M., Personal communication. (94)
   Google Scholar
• Keller N., Richardson U. I., Yates F. E. Protein binding and the biological activity of cor-ticosteroids: In vivo induction of hepatic and pancreatic alanine aminotransferases by cor-ticosteroids in normal and estrogen-treated rats. Endocrinology 1969; 84: 49, (144)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsay J., Miller L. T., Linkswiler H. Effect of protein intake on the excretion of quinolinic acid and niacin metabolites by men during vitamin be depletion. J. Nutr. 1968; 94: 27, (51, 63, 68, 90, 91, 92)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim J. H., Miller L. L. The functional significance of changes in activity of the enzymes, tryptophan pyrrolase and tyrosine transaminase, after induction in intact rats and in the isolated perfused rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 1969; 244: 1410, (76, 84)
   Google Scholar
• Kitai J. I. Effects of estradiol on pituitary-adrenal function in male and female rats. Endocrinology 1963; 72: 947, (143)
   Google Scholar
• Kitai J. I. Amelioration of cortisone-induced pituitary-adrenal suppression by estradiol. I. clin. Endocr. 1964; 24: 231, (143)
   Google Scholar
• Knapp A., Gassmann B., Zimmermann W. Uber Vitamin-be-Mangel und die Harn-Aus-scheidung von Xanthurensaure und anderen Tryptophan-Metaboliten bei Kranken 11. Der Einfluss von Isonicotinsaure-Hydrazid auf den Vitamin-be-Stoffwechsel und Vitamin-be-Mangelzustande bei Schwangeren. Klin. Wschr. 1958; 36: 819, (59, 64, 108)
   Google Scholar
• Knox W. E. Two mechanisms which increase in vivo the liver tryptophan peroxidase activity: Specific enzyme adaptation and stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal system. Brit. J. exp. Path. 1951; 32: 462, (18, 19)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox W. E. The relation of liver kynure-ninase to tryptophan metabolism in pyridoxi-nc deficiency. Biochem. J. 1953; 53: 379, (21)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox W. E. Adaptive enzymes in the regulation of animal metabolism. Physiological Adaptation, C. L. Prosser. Ronald Press, New York 1958; 107–125, (50, 77, 84)
   Google Scholar
• Knox W. E., Auerbach V. H. The hormonal control of tryptophan peroxidase in the rat. J. biol. Chem. 1955; 214: 307, (18, 19)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knox W. E., Mehler A. H. The conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in liver I. The coupled tryptophan peroxidase-oxidase system forming formylkynurenine. J. biol. Chem. 1950; 187: 419, (14, 17, 18, 19, 143)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knox W. E., Mehler A. H. The adaptive increase of the tryptophan peroxidase-oxidase system of liver. Science 1951; 113: 237, (18)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox W. E., Pines K. L. color reaction for pyridone metabolite of niacin and other pyridones. Fed. Proc. 1953; 12: 231, (45)
   Google Scholar
• Knox W. E., Piras M. M., Tokuyarna K. Induction of tryptophan pyrrolase in rat liver by physiological amounts of hydrocortisone and secreted corticosteroids. Enzymol. biol. clin. 1966; 7: 1, (18, 78, 84)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koj A., Zgliczynski J. M., Frendo J. Distribution of transaminases in human blood cells. Clin. chim. Acta 1960; 5: 339, (93)
   Google Scholar
• Komrower G. M., Wilson V., Clamp J. R., Westall R. G. Hydroxykynureninuria. A case of abnormal tryptophan metabolism probably due to a deficiency of kynureninase. Arch. Dis. Childh. 1964; 39: 250, (98)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korbitz B. C., Price J. M., Brown R. R. Quantitative studies on tryptophan metabolism in the pyridoxine-deficient rat. J. Nutr. 1963; 80: 55, (64, 67)
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Y., Kawase M. Uber die quantitative bestimmung des Kynurenins im Harne und einige mit dieser Methode erzielte Resul-rate, insbesondere in bezug auf die Ausschei-dung des Kynurenins. Hoppe-Seylers Z. phy-siol. Chem. 1933; 214: 6, (35)
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Y., Masayama T. Uber den Me-chanismus der Kynureninbildung aus Tryptophan. Hoppe-Seylers 2. physiol. Chem. 1936; 243: 237, (14)
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Y., Nakayama Y. Uber die An-thranilsaurebildung aus Kynurenin durch Or-gansaft. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1941; 270: 76, (14, 15)
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Y., Sakata H. Zur Frage der Ab-stammung des Urochroms. Hoppe-Seylers 2. physiol. Chem. 1931; 191: 184, (97)
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Y., Shichiri G. Uber die Spaltung des Kynurenins mittels Natriumbicarbonatlo-sung. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem., 195: 152, 131, (37)
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Y., Yoritaki T., Otani S. Über den Mechanismus der Kynurensäurebildung im Tierkörper. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1941; 270: 68, (14)
   Google Scholar
• Kowlessar O. D., Haeffner L. J., Benzon G. D. Abnormal tryptophan metabolism in patients with adult celiac disease with evidence for deficiency of vitamin be. J. clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 894, (13, 55, 59, 78)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krehl W. A., Teply L. J., Sarma P. S., Elvehjem C. A. Growth retarding effect of corn in nicotinic acid low rations and its counteraction by tryptophan. Science 1945; 101: 489, (13, 144)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kring J. P., Ebisuzaki K., Williams J. N., Jr., Elvehjem C. A. The influence of vitamin be on the formation of liver pyridine nucleotides. J. biol. Chem. 1952; 195: 591, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Kuchinskas E. J., Duvigneaud V. An increased vitamin B6 requirement in the rat on a diet containing L-penicillamin. Arch. Biochem. 1957; 66: 1, (72)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrie F., Korner A. Growth hormone inhibition of hydrocortisone induction of tyrosine transaminase and tryptophan pyrrolase and its reversal by amino acids. J. biol. Chem. 1968; 243: 1120, (19)
   Google Scholar
• Langner R. R., Berg C. P. Metabolism of D-tryptophan in the normal human subject. J. biol. Chem. 1955; 214: 699, (59)
   Google Scholar
• Leklem J. E., Woodford J., Brown R. R. Comparative tryptophan metabolism in cats and rat: Difference in adaptation of tryptophan oxygenase and in vivo, metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenine and hydroxykynurenine. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1969; 31: 95, (28)
   Google Scholar
• Lepkovsky S., Roboz E., Haagen-Smit A. J. Xanthurenic acid and its role in the tryptophan metabolism of pyridoxine-deficient rats. J. biol. Chem. 1943; 149: 195, (63)
   Google Scholar
• Leppänen V. V. E., Oka M. Metabolism of tryptophan in cancer of various sites. Ann. Med. exp. Fenn. 1963; 41: 123, (51, 59, 61)
   Google Scholar
• Levy L. Mechanism of drug-induced vitamin be deficiency. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 184, (70)
   Google Scholar
• Lin E. C. C., Knox W. E. Adaptation of the rat liver tyrosine-α-ketoglutarate transaminase. Eiochim. biophys. Acta 1957; 26: 85, (18)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindall A. W., Jr., Lazarow A. A critical study of pyridine nucleotide concentration in normal fed, normal fasted, and diabetic rat liver. Metabolism 1964; 13: 259, (29)
   Google Scholar
• Ling C. T., Hegsted D. M., Stare F. J. The effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the tryptophan — niacin transformation in rats. J. biol. Chem. 1948; 174: 803, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Linkswiler H. Biochemical and physiological changes in vitamin be deficiency. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 547, (50, 94)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lojkin M. E. Effect of ovariectomy and administration of ovarian hormones and testosterone on nicotinic acid metabolism of rats. J. Nutr. 1956; 59: 443, (11)
   Google Scholar
• Lojkin M. E., Wertz A. W., Dietz C. G. Metabolism of nicotinic acid in pregnancy. J. Nutr. 1952; 46: 335, (111)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Looyé. A., Kwarts E. W., Groen A. A new automated determination of xanthurenic acid in human urine. Clin. Chem. 1968; 14: 890, (42)
   Google Scholar
• Luhby A. L., Davis P., Murphy M., Gordon M., Brin M., Spiegel H. Pyridoxine and oral contraceptives. Lancer 1970; 2: 1083, (114, 149)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madras B. K., Sourkes T. L. Effect of drugs on the metabolism of tryptophan. Al-pha-hydrazinotryptophan and other amino acid analogs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1968; 17: 1037, (19)
   Google Scholar
• Madras B. K., Soukes T. L. Formation of respiratory 14CO2 from variously labeled forms of tryptophan-14C in intact and adrenalectomized rats. Arch. Biochem. 1968; 125: 829, (26)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainardi L., Tenconi L. T. Contributo allo studio dei metaboliti della linea triptofano acido nicotinico in rapporto al sesso. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1964; 18: 249, (134)
   Google Scholar
• Marmorston J., Lombardo L. J., Myers S. M., Gierson H., Stern E., Hopkins C. E. Urinary excretion of estrone, estradiol and estriol by patients with prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 1965; 93: 287, (135)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh M. E., Greenberg L. D., Rinehart J. F. The relation between pyridoxine ingestion and transaminase activity I. Blood hemolysates. J. Nutr. 1955; 56: 115, (89, 90, 92, 93)
   Google Scholar
• Marver H. S. Studies on tryptophan metabolism I. Urinary tryptophan metabolites in hypoplastic anemias and other hematological disorders. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1961; 58: 425, (34, 51, 59, 61, 134)
   Google Scholar
• Mason M. The kynurenine transaminase of rat kidney. J. biol. Chem. 1954; 211: 839, (21)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason M. Further characterization of the kynurenine transaminase of rat kidney. Fed. Proc. 1956; 15: 310, (21)
   Google Scholar
• Mason M. Kynurenine transaminase: A study of inhibitors and their relationship to the active site. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 2770, (139)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason M., Berg C. P. Chromatographic method for detection of tryptophan metabolites. J. biol. Chem. 1951; 188: 783, (39)
   Google Scholar
• Mason M., Berg C. P. Metabolism of D-and L-tryptophan and D-and L-kynurenine by liver and kidney preparations. J. biol. Chem. 1952; 195: 515, (14, 21, 139)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason M., Ford J., Wu H. L. C. Effects of steroid and nonsteroid metabolites on enzyme conformation and pyridoxal phosphate binding. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 170, (139, 140, 143)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason M., Gullekson H. J. Estrogen — enzyme interactions: Inhibition and protection of kynurenine transaminase by the sulfate esters of diethylstilboestrol, estradiol and estrone. J. biol. Chem. 1960; 231: 1312, (139, 140)
   Google Scholar
• Mason M., Schirch L. Inhibition of B6-enzymes by free and conjugated estrogens. Fed. Proc. 1961; 20: 200, (139)
   Google Scholar
• McCormick D. B., Snell E. E. Pyridoxal phosphokinase II. Effect of inhibitors. J. biol. Chem. 1961; 236: 2085, (69, 70)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy E. E., Chung S. J. The excretion of tryptophan metabolites fallowing deoxypyridoxine administration in mongoloid and nonmongoloid patients. J. Pediat. 1964; 64: 227, (36, 59, 69, 89)
   Google Scholar
• McCoy E. E., England J. Excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid during deoxypyridoxine and pyridoxine administration to mongoloid and nonmongoloid subjects. J. Nutr. 1968; 96: 525, (92, 95, 142)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCoy E. E., Najjar V. A. The purification and mechanism of action of yeast phosphoglucomutase. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 3017, (21)
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel E. G., Hundley J. M., Sebrell W. H. Tryptophan — niacin metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats. J. Nutr. 1956; 19: 407, (22, 84)
   Google Scholar
• McGinty F., Rose D. P. Influence of androgens upon tryptophan metabolism in man. Life Sci. 1969; 8: 1193, (59, 82, 133)
   Google Scholar
• Mehler A. H. Formation of picolinic and quinolinic acids following enzymatic oxidation of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 218: 241, (21)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehler A. H., Knox W. E. Conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in liver II. The enzymatic hydrolysis of formylkynurenine. J. biol. Chem. 1950; 187: 431, (14, 18)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehler A. H., May E. L. Studies with carboxyl-labelled 3-hydroxyanthranilic and picolinic acid in vivo and in vitro. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 223: 449, (16)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehler A. H., McDaniel E. G., Hundley J. M. Changes in the enzymatic composition of liver I. Increase of picolinic carboxylase in diabetes. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 232: 323, (21, 27)
   Google Scholar
• Mehler A. H., Yano K., May E. L. Nicotinic acid biosynthesis. Control by an enzyme that competes with a spontaneous reaction. Science 1964; 141: 817, (22)
   Google Scholar
• Metzler D. E., Ikawa M., Snell E. E. A general mechanism for vitamin be catalyzed reactions. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 1954; 76: 648, (68, 73)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael A. F., Drummond K. N., Doeden D., Anderson J. A., Good R. A. Tryptophan metabolism in man. J. clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 1730, (36, 50, 51, 55, 57, 59, 60, 78, 134)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihich E., Simpson C. L., Rosen F., Gailani S., Nichol C. A. Comparative toxicology of 4-deoxypyridoxine (DOP) in animals previously or concurrently fed pyridoxine-deficient diets. Proc. Amer. Ass. Cancer Res. 1964; 1: 45, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Miller E. C., Baumann C. A. Relative effects of casein and tryptophane on the health and xanthurenic acid excretion of pyridoxinedeficient rats. J. biol. Chem. 1945; 157: 551, (41, 64, 86)
   Google Scholar
• Miller L. T., Linkswiler H. Effect of protein intake on the development of abnormal tryptophan metabolism by men during vitamin Ba depletion. J. Nutr. 1967; 93: 53, (63, 64, 65)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milne M. D., Crawford M. A., Girac C. B., Loughridge L. W. The metabolic disorder in Hartnup disease. Quart. J, Med. 1960; 29: 407, (13, 98)
   Google Scholar
• Morales S. M., Lincoln E. W. The effect of isoniazid therapy on pyridoxine metabolism in children. Ann. Rev. Tuber. pulm. Dis. 1957; 75: 594, (59, 72)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moran J. F., Sourkes T. L. Induction of tryptophan pyrrolase by α-methyl-tryptophan and its metabolic significance in vivo. J. biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 3006, (26)
   Google Scholar
• Moustgaard J. The vitamin B requirement of young pigs to ensure the best possible gain and feed utilization. Proc. 6th Intern. Congress of Animal Husbandry 1952; 2: 125, (64, 86)
   Google Scholar
• Musajo L., Benassi C. A. Aspects of disorders of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in man. Advanc. clin. Chem. 1964; 7: 63, (60, 97)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musajo L., Coppini D. La determinazione degli acidi chinurenico exanturenico. Experientia (Basel) 1951; 7: 20, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura S., Ikeda M., Tsuji H., Nishizuka Y., Hayaishi O. Quinolinate transphosphoribosylase: A mechanism of niacin ribonucleotide formation from quinolinic acid. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1963; 13: 285, (14, 22, 23)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura S., Nishizuka Y., Hayaishi O. Regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis by adenosine triphosphate. J. biol. Chem. 1964; 239: 2717, (14, 23)
   Google Scholar
• Narrod S. A., Bonavita V., Ehrenfeld E. R., Kaplan N. O. Effect of azaserine on the biosynthesis of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in mouse. J. biol. Chem. 1961; 236: 2921, (23, 28)
   Google Scholar
• Nemeth A. M. Mechanisms controlling changes in tryptophan peroxidase activity in developing mammalian liver. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 2921, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Neuweiler W. Über die Versorgungslage and den bedarf an Vitamin B6 bei Graviden. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 1954; 84: 883, (109)
   Google Scholar
• Nishizuka Y., Hayaishi O. Studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide I. Enzymatic synthesis of niacin ribonucleotides from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in mammalian tissues. J. biol. Chem. 1963; 238: 3369, (14, 16)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishizuka Y., Ichiyama A., Gholson R. K., Hayaishi O. Studies on the metabolism of the benzene ring of tryptophan in mammalian tissues I. Enzymatic formation of glutaric acid from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 733, (14, 16, 21)
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien D., Jensen C. B. Pyridoxine dependency in two mentally retarded subjects. Clin. Sci. 1963; 24: 179, (68, 86)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oelkers W., Nolten W. Hemmung der Tryptophanoxygenase-Aktivität durch Östronsulfat und nicht veresterte Östrogene. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1964; 338: 105, (19, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Ogasawara N., Hagino Y., Kotake Y. Kynurenine-transaminase, kynureninase and the increase in xanthurenic acid excretion. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1962; 52: 162, (67, 139, 140)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlson W. T. L. Penicillamin as a lead-chelating substance in man. Brit. med. J. 1962; 1: 1454, (72)
   Google Scholar
• Okamoto H., Hayaishi O. Flavin adenine dinucleotide requirement for kynurenine hydroxylase of rat liver mitochondria. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1967; 29: 394, (20)
   Google Scholar
• Otani S. O., Nishino N., Imai K. Eine Farbenreaktion des Kynurenins und die Ergebnisse von einigen mit ihrer Hilfe ausgeführten Tierversuchen. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1941; 270: 60, (35)
   Google Scholar
• Ott W. H. Antipyridoxine activity of 2, 4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxy-methylpyridine in the chick. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y. 1946; 61: 125, (69)
   Google Scholar
• Page E. W. The vitamin B6 requirement for normal pregnancy. West. J. Surg. 1956; 64: 96, (59, 107, 110)
   Google Scholar
• Pasquariello G., Tenconi L. T. Influenza dell' ACTH sulla linea triptofano — acidi nicotinico in soggetti normali ed affetti da artrite reumatoide. Actu vitamin. (Milano) 1967; 21: 21, (59, 82, 83)
   Google Scholar
• Peters J. H. The determination of creatinine and creatine in blood and urine with the photoelectric colorimeter. J. biol. Chem. 1942; 146: 179, (32)
   Google Scholar
• Peterson R. E., Nokes G., Chen P. S., Jr., Black R. L. Estrogens and adrenocortical function in man. J. clin. Endocr 1960; 20: 495, (143)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrack B., Greengard P., Graston A., Kalinsky H. J. Nicotinamide deamidase from mammalian liver. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 1725, (17, 23)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plager J. E., Schmidt K. G., Staubitz W. J. Increased unbound cortisol in the plasma of estrogen-treated subjects. J. clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 1066, (144)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter C. C., Clark J., Silber R. H. Effect of pyridoxine analogs on tryptophan metabolism in rats. J. biol. Chem. 1947; 167: 573, (35, 41, 69, 86)
   Google Scholar
• Porter C. C., Clark J., Silber R. H. The effect of B vitamin deficiencies on tryptophan metabolism in the rat. Arch. Biochem. 1948; 18: 339, (20, 41, 64)
   Google Scholar
• Porter C. C., Stoerk H. C., Silber R. H. The effect of cortisone upon tryptophan rnetabolism in the rat. J. biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 193, (77)
   Google Scholar
• Posner H. S., Mitona C., Udenfriend S. Enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds II. Further studies of the properties of the microsomal hydroxylation system. Arch. Biochem. 1961; 94: 269, (13)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powanda M. C., Muniz O., Dietrich L. S. Studies on the mechanism of liver nicotinamide mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase. Biochemistry 1969; 8: 1869, (23)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preiss J., Handler P. Enzymatic synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide. J. biol. Chem. 1957; 225: 759, (24)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preiss J., Handler P. Biosynthesis of diphosphopyridine nucleotide. I. Identification of intermediates. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 233: 488, (16, 23)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M. The determination of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide in human urine. J. biol. Chem. 1954; 211: 117, (33, 44, 45, 51, 61)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M. Disorders of the tryptophan metabolism. Univ. Mich. med. Bull. 1958; 24: 461, (57, 59, 60, 97, 135)
   Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R. Quantitative studies on human urinary metabolites of D-, DL-, acetyl-L and acetyl-D-tryptophan. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 222: 835, (59)
   Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Ellis M. E. Quantitative studies on the urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites by humans ingesting a constant diet. J. Nutr. 1956; 60: 323, (52, 54, 56, 57, 59)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Larson F. C. Quantitative studies on human urinary metabolites of tryptophan as affected by isoniazid and desoxypyridoxine. J. clin. Invest. 1957; 36: 1600, (59, 70, 71, 72, 86, 108)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Peters H. A. Tryptophan metabolism in porphyria, schizophrenia, and a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Neurology (Minneap.) 1959; 9: 456, (59, 73, 99, 101)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Rukavina J. G., Mendelson C., Johnson S. A. M. Scleroderrna (acrosclerosis) II. Tryptophan metabolism before and during treatment by chelation (EDTA). J. invest. Derm. 1957; 29: 289, (59, 73, 101)
   Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Brown R. R., Yess N. Testing the functional capacity of the tryptophan — niacin pathway in man by analysis of urinary metabolites. Advanc. metab. Disorder 1965; 2: 159, (59, 134)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price J. M., Dodge L. W. Occurrence of the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid in normal human urine. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 223: 699, (15, 40, 41, 42, 50)
   Google Scholar
• Price J. M., Thornton M. J., Mueller L. M. Tryptophan metabolism in women using steroid hormones for ovulation control. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1967; 20: 452, (59, 113, 114, 118)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pullman M. E., Colowick S. P. Preparation of 2– and 6-pyridones of N1-methylnicotinamide. J. biol. Chem. 1954; 206: 121, (45)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz J. C., Snell E. E. Vitamin B6 group XV. Urinary excretion of pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, and 4-pyridoxic acid in human subjects. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y. 1949; 70: 235, (90, 91, 95)
   Google Scholar
• Raghuramulu N., Srikantia B. S., Narasinga Rao B. S., Gopalan C. Nicotinamide nucleotides in the erythrocytes of patients suffering from pellagra. Biochem. J. 1965; 96: 837, (28)
   Google Scholar
• Raica N., Sauberlich H. E. Blood cell transaminase activity in human vitamin be deficiency. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1964; 15: 67, (93, 94)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapoport M. J., Beisel W. R., Dinterman R. E. Circadian peridiocity of tryptophan metabolism. J. clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 934, (55, 59, 81, 135)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapoport M. J., Feigin R. D., Bruton J., Beisel W. R. Circadian rhythm for tryptophan pyrrolase activity and its circulating substrate. Science 1966; 153: 1642, (19, 55)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy S. K., Reynolds M. S., Price J. M. The determination of 4-pyridoxic acid in human urine. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 233: 691, (33, 45, 46, 47, 91, 95)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegel B., Albisetti C. J., Jr., Lappin G. R., Baker R. H. Preparation of 4-quinolinols by the ethyl ethoxalylacetate method. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 1946; 68: 2685, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Rose D. P. Excretion of xanthurenic acid in the urine of women taking progestogen-oestrogen preparations. Nature (London) 1966; 210: 196, (59, 113)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D. P. The influence of oestrogens on tryptophan metabolism in man. Clin. Sci. 1966; 31: 265, (59, 113, 123, 130, 138, 142, 143)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D. P. The influence of sex, age and breast cancer on tryptophan metabolism. Clin. chim. Acta 1967; 18: 221, (59, 60, 134, 135)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., Personal communication. (121)
   Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., Braidman I. P. Oral contraceptives, depression, and amino acid metabolism. Lancet 1970; 1: 1117, (19, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., Brown R. R. The influence of sex and estrogens on liver kynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase in the rat. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1969; 184: 412, (21, 139, 140)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose D. P., Brown R. R., Personal communication. (143)
   Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., Brown R. R., Price J. M. Metabolism of tryptophan to nicotinic acid derivatives by women taking oestrogen-progestogen preparations. Nature (London) 1968; 219: 1259, (84, 105, 118)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D. P., McGinty F. The influence of adrenocortical hormones and vitamins upon tryptophan metabolism in man. Clin. Sci. 1968; 35: 1, (59, 82, 83, 85, 142)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen F. Effects of isonicotinic acid hydrazid in niacin and pyridoxine metabolism in rats. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y. 1955; 88: 243, (69, 71)
   Google Scholar
• Rosen F., Huff J. W., Perlzweig W. A. The role of vitamin B6 deficiency in the tryptophane — niacin relationship in rats. J. Nutr. 1947; 33: 561, (41, 64)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen F., Perlzweig W. A., Leder J. G. Fluorometric method for determination of 6-pyridone of N1-methylnicotinamide in urine. J. biol. Chem. 1949; 179: 157, (45, 61)
   Google Scholar
• Rosen F., Lowy R. S., Sprince H. A rapid assay for xanthurenic acid in urine. Proc. Soc. exp. biol. N. Y. 1951; 77: 399, (41, 51, 52)
   Google Scholar
• Rosen F., Nichol C. A. Corticosteroids and enzyme activity. Vitam. and Horm. 1963; 21: 135, (19)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salhanick H. A., Kipnis D. M., van de Wiele R. L. Metabolic Effects of Gonadal Hormones and Contraceptive Steroids. Plenum Publishing Co., New York 1969, (144, 148)
   Google Scholar
• Sarett H. P. The effect of pyridoxine upon the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinic acid compounds in man. J. biol. Chem. 1950; 182: 691, (66, 109)
   Google Scholar
• Sarett H. P. Study of measurement of 4-pyridoxic acid in urine. J. biol. Chem. 1951; 189: 769, (46)
   Google Scholar
• Sarett H. P., Goldsmith G. A. Metabolism of L- and DL-tryptophan in normal man and in pellagrins. J. biol. Chem. 1950; 182: 679, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Sass M., Murphy G. T. The effect of isonicotinic acid hydrazide and vitamin B6 on glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase levels in whole blood. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1958; 6: 424, (93)
   Google Scholar
• Satoh K., Price J. M. Fluorometric determination of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid in human urine. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 230: 781, (33, 36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 61)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scardi V., Iaccarino M., Scarano E. The action of sulphate and phosphate esters of oestrogens on the reconstitution of two pyridoxal-5-phosphate dependent enzymes. Biochem. J. 1962; 83: 413, (139, 141)
   Google Scholar
• Schievelbein H., Buchfink E. An enzymatic method for the estimation of free and conjugated 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in urine. Clin. chim. Acta 1967; 18: 291, (50)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimke R. T., Sweeney E. W., Berlin C. M. The roles of synthesis and degradation in the control of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J. biol. Chem. 1965; 240: 322, (18)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schor J. M., Frieden E. Induction of tryptophan peroxidase of rat liver by insulin and alloxan. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 233: 612, (19, 134, 143)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartzman G., Strauss L. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the Syrian hamster. J. Nutr. 1949; 38: 131, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Schweigert B. S., Pearson P. B. Effect of vitamin be deficiency on the ability of rats to convert tryptophane to N1-methylnicotin-amide and nicotinic acid. J. biol. Chem. 1947; 168: 555, (64)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scriver C. R. Vitamin B6 deficiency and dependency in man. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 1967; 113: 109, (101)
   Google Scholar
• Scriver C. R., Hutchinson J. H. The vitamin be deficiency syndrome in human infancy: Biochemical and clinical observations. Pediatrics 1963; 31: 240, (100)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer S., Ford J., Schirch L., Mason M. Stabilization of coenzyme binding by conjugated steroids and carboxylic acids. Life Sci. 1966; 5: 837, (139)
   Google Scholar
• Singer S., Mason M. Studies of the in vitro and in vivo effects of conjugated steroids and carboxylic acids on hepatic tyrosine transaminase in the rat. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1967; 146: 452, (143)
   Google Scholar
• Sjoerdsma A., Weissbach H., Udenfriend S. A clinical, physiologic and biochemical study of patients with malignant carcinoid (argentaffinoma). Amer. J. Med. 1956; 20: 520, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Snell E. E. Summary of session I and some notes on the metabolism of vitamin be. Vitamin, and Horm. 1964; 22: 485, (101)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snyderman S. E., Holt L. E., Jr., Carretero R., Jacobs K. Pyridoxine deficiency in the human infant. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1953; 1: 200, (66, 89, 90, 92, 100)
   Google Scholar
• Sourkes T. L., Missala K., Madras B. K. Effect of yohimbine on tryptophan metabolism. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 1970; 161: 289, (20)
   Google Scholar
• Spacek M. Simultaneous determination of kynurenine and p-phenetidine in human urine. Canad. J. Biochem. 1954; 32: 604, (35, 36, 37)
   Google Scholar
• Spector H. The metabolic interrelationship between tryptophan, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid; forced feeding studies in rats. J. biol. Chem. 1948; 173: 659, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Spiera H. Excretion of tryptophan metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1969; 166: 61, (101)
   Google Scholar
• Sprince H., Lowy R. S., Folsome C. E., Behrman J. S. Studies on the urinary excretion of »xanthurenic acid« during normal and abnormal pregnancy: A survey of the excretion of »xanthurenic acid« in normal non-pregnant, normal pregnant, pre-eclamptic and eclamptic women. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1951; 62: 84, (59, 107, 110)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Späth E., Kuffner F. Über Peganin und Vasicin. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 1934; 67: 1494, (35)
   Google Scholar
• Stevens C. O., Henderson L. M. Beef liver 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxidase. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 1188, (21)
   Google Scholar
• Storvick C. A., Peters J. McL. Methods for the determination of vitamin B6 in biological material. Vitamin. and Horm. 1964; 22: 833, (89, 90)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Streffer C. The biosynthesis of NAD in the liver of irradiated mice. J. Vitaminol. 1968; 14: 130, (28)
   Google Scholar
• Suhadolnik R. J., Stevens C. O., Decker R. H., Henderson L. M., Hankes L. V. Species variation in the metabolism of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to pyridinecarboxylic acids. J. biol. Chem. 1957; 228: 973, (21, 27)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada K., Yokoyama Y., Nakagawa H., Yoshida T., Arakawa T. Vitamin B6 — dependent xanthurenic aciduria. Tohoku, J. exp. Med. 1967; 93: 115, (101)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tait J. F., Burstein S. In vivo, studies of steroid dynamics in man. The hormones, G. Pincus, K. V. Thimann, E. B. Astwood. Academic Press, New York and London 1964; 441–557, (144)
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi H., Kaihara M., Price J. M. The conversion of kynurenic acid to quinaldic acid by humans and rats. J. biol. Chem. 1956; 223: 705, (14, 50)
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi H., Price J. M. Dehydroxylation of xanthurenic acid to 8-hydroxyquinaldic acid. J. biol. Chem. 1958; 233: 150, (15, 50)
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka T., Knox W. E. The nature and mechanism of the tryptophan pyrrolase (peroxidase-oxidase) reaction of pseudomonas and rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 1162, (18)
   Google Scholar
• Tenconi L. T. Richerche sulla chinureninaidrossilasi: II. Determinazione nel fegato di ratto ipofisectomizzato. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 1962; 38: 1809, (20)
   Google Scholar
• Tenconi L. T. Attività enzimatiche della linea metabolica triptofano → acido nicotinico nel ratto piridossinocarente: triptofano-pirrolasi, chinurenina-idrossilasi, 3-OH-antranilico-ossidasi et picolinico-carbossilasi. Acta vitaminol. (Milano) 1962; 16: 241, (20, 21)
   Google Scholar
• Tenconi L. T., Ginoulhiac E. Influenza della surrenectomia su alcune attivita' enzimatiche che regolano il metabolismo del triptofano: Triptofan-pirrolasi, chinurenina-idrossilasi, chinureninasi, 3-OH-antranilico-ossidasi, picolinico-carbossilasi. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 1962; 38: 1812, (20, 21, 147)
   Google Scholar
• Tenconi L. T., Pasquariello G. Eliminazione dei metaboliti della linea triptofano —acido nicotinico dopo trattamento cortisonico nel ratto. Acta vitaminol. (Milano) 1967; 21: 17, (78, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Thomson J. F., Mikuta E. T. Effect of total body X-irradiation on the tryptophan peroxidase activity of rat liver. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y. 1954; 85: 29, (18, 19)
   Google Scholar
• Thorson A., Biörck G., Björkman G., Waldenström J. Malignant carcinoid of the small intestine with metastases to the liver, valvular disease of the right side of the heart (pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid regurgitation without septal defects), periferal vasomotor symptoms, bronchoconstriction, and an unusual type of cyanosis. Amer. Heart J. 1954; 47: 795, (13)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titus E., Udenfriend S. Metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Fed. Proc. 1954; 13: 411, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Toepfer E. W., Lehmann J. Procedure for chromatographic separation and microbiological assay of pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamin in food extracts. J. Amer. Ass. offic. agr. Chem. 1961; 44: 426, (90, 91)
   Google Scholar
• Tompsett S. L. The determination in urine of some metabolites of tryptophan — kynurenine, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid — and reference to the presence of o-aminophenols in urine. Clin. chim. Acta 1959; 4: 411, (36, 50, 51, 61)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tompsett S. L. 3-hydroxykynureninc in human urine. Clin. chim. Acta 1960; 5: 415, (36, 51)
   Google Scholar
• Toseland P. A., Price S. Tryptophan and oral contraceptives. Brit. Med. J. 1969; 1: 777, (114, 142, 149)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner E. R., Reynolds M. S. Intake and elimination of vitamin be and metabolites by women; pregnant women. J. Amer. diet. Ass. 1955; 31: 1119, (109)
   Google Scholar
• Udenfriend S., Bogdanski D. F., Weissbach H. Fluorescence characteristics of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Science 1955; 122: 972, (13)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ueda K., Akedo H., Suda M. Intestinal absorption of amino acids IV. Participation of pyridoxal phosphate in the active transfer of L-amino acids through the intestinal wall. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 1960; 48: 584, (72)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umbreit W. W., Bellamy W. D., Gunsales I. C. The function of pyridoxine derivatives: A comparison of natural and synthetic codecarboxylase. Arch. Biochem. 1945; 7: 185, (89, 90)
   Google Scholar
• Wachsmuth H., Denissen R. La détermination de l'acide xanthurénique dans l'urine. Clin. chim. Acta 1967; 15: 529, (42)
   Google Scholar
• Wachstein M., Graffeo L. W. Influence of vitamin B6 on the incidence of preeclampsia. Obstet. and Gynec. 1956; 8: 177, (107)
   Google Scholar
• Wachstein M., Gudaitis A. Detection of vitamin B6 deficiency; utilization of improved method for rapid determination of xanthurenic acid in urine. Amer. J. clin. Path. 1952; 22: 652, (41)
   Google Scholar
• Wachstein M., Gudaitis A. Disturbance of vitamin B6 metabolism in pregnancy II. The influence of various amounts of pyridoxine hydrochloride upon the abnormal tryptophane load test in pregnant women. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1953; 42: 98, (59, 107)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachstein M., Gudaitis A. Disturbance of vitamin B6 metabolism in pregnancy III. Abnormal vitamin B6 load test. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1953; 66: 1207, (109)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachstein M., Kellner J. D., Ortiz J. M. Pyridoxal phosphate in plasma and leucocytes of normal and pregnant subjects following be load tests. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y. 1960; 103: 350, (110)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachstein M., Lobel S. Abnormal tryptophan metabolites in human pregnancy and their relation to deranged vitamin be metabolism. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y., 86: 624, (59, 108)
   Google Scholar
• Wada H., Morino Y. Comparative studies on glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases from the mitochondrial and soluble fraction of mammalian tissues. Vitam. and Horm. 1964; 22: 411, (70)
   Google Scholar
• Wagner C. Regulation of the tryptophan —nicotinic acid — DPN pathway in the rat. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 1964; 17: 668, (20, 26)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsche J. M. Treatment of Wilson's disease with penicillamin. Lancet 1960; 1: 188, (72)
   Google Scholar
• Walsh M. P. Separation and estimation of tryptophan — nicotinic acid metabolites in urine by thin layer chromatography. Clin. chim. Acta 1965; 11: 263, (36, 42)
   Google Scholar
• Walsh M. P., Howorth P. J. N., Marks V. Pyridoxine deficiency and tryptophan metabolism in chronic alcoholics. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1966; 19: 379, (100)
   Google Scholar
• Walters C. J., Brown R. R., Kaihara M., Price J. M. The excretion of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide by man following ingestion of several known or potential precursors. J. biol. Chem. 1955; 217: 489, (33, 54)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandelli I. Ricerche sperimentali intorno alla vitamina B6 in campo ostetrico e ginecologico: la eliminazione dell'acido xanturenico nella donna gravida e non gravida, dopo carico di triptofano. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1951; 5: 55, (107)
   Google Scholar
• Vandelli I., Ginoulhiac E., Tenconi L. T. La eliminazione urinaria di acido xanturenico dopo carico di triptofano in rapporto a diverse condizioni ormonali. Ann. Ostet. Ginec. 1955; 77: 324, (108, 143)
   Google Scholar
• Warnell J. L., Berg C. P. The preparation of L-, D- and DL-kynurenine. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 1954; 76: 1708, (35)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe M., Watanabe Y., Okada M. A new fluorometric method for the determination of 3-hydroxykynurenine. Clin. chim. Acta 1970; 27: 461, (37, 51)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber F., Wiss O. Über die unterschiedliche Beeinflussung des Tryptophan-Stoffwechsels durch Vitamin-B6-Mangel in der Ratte. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1963; 331: 124, (67, 140)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weissbach H. Determination of serotonin in biological material. Methods Med. Research vol., J. H. Quastel. Yearbook Medical Publ. Inc. 1961; 9: 178–182, (13)
   Google Scholar
• Weissbach H., King W., Sjoerdsma A., Udenfriend S. Formation of indole-3-acetic acid and tryptamine in animals. J. biol. Chem. 1959; 234: 81, (13, 57)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller H., Fichtenbaum M. Der Tryptophanbelastungstest als Nachweis eines Vitamin B6-Mangels bei Arteriosclerose. Klin. Wschr. 1961; 39: 1275, (41)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wertz A. W., Lojkin M. E., Bouchard B. S., Derby M. B. Tryptophan — niacin relationship in pregnancy. J. Nutr. 1958; 64: 339, (27, 50, 111)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams H. L., Wiegand R. G. Xanthurenic acid excretion and possible pyridoxine deficiency produced by isonicotinic acid hydrazide and other convulsant hydrazides. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 1960; 128: 344, (69, 71)
   Google Scholar
• Williams M. A., Gunning B., Pertel R. Liver pyridine nucleotide synthesis in the vitamin be-deficient rat. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. N. Y. 1962; 109: 442, (64)
   Google Scholar
• Vilter R. W., Mueller J. F., Glazer H. S., Abraham J., Thompson C., Hawkins V. R. The effect of vitamin B6 deficiency induced by desoxypyridoxine in human beings. J. Lab. clin. Med. 1953; 42: 335, (59, 70, 86, 109)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiss O. Der enzymatische Abbau des Kynurenins im tierischen Organismus. Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem. 1953; 293: 106, (14, 15, 20)
   Google Scholar
• Wiss O. Die oxydative Spaltung der 3-Oxyanthranilsäure. Z. Naturforsch. 1954; 9B: 740, (16)
   Google Scholar
• Wiss O., Fuchs H. Über den Abbau von Kynurenin, Oxykynurenin und verwandten Substanzen durch Rattenleberenzym. Experientia (Basel) 1950; 6: 472, (15)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vivian V. M., Reynolds M. S., Price J. M. The use of ion exchange resins for the determination af N1-methylnicotinamide in human urine. Analyt. Biochem. 1965; 10: 274, (33, 42, 43, 44, 51, 61)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H. Hormonal alteration of efficiency of conversion of tryptophan to urinary metabolites of niacin in man. Amer. J. clin. Nutr. 1971; 24: 792, (59)
   Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R. The effect of tryptophan load and vitamin be supplementation on urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites in human male subjects. Clin. Sci. 1971; 41: 237, (59)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R. Studies on tryptophan metabolism in male subjects treated with hydrocortisone. J. clin. Endocr. 1971; 33: 838, (59)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R., Madsen P. O. The effect of estrogens on pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes in patients with cancer of the prostate. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 1971; 105: 415, (59, 141)
   Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R., Price J. M., Madsen P. O. Effect of hormones on the biosynthesis of nicotinic acid from tryptophan in man. J. clin. Endocr. 1970; 30: 380, (59)
   Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Brown R. R., Price J. M., Madsen P. O. Studies on tryptophan metabolism in male subjects treated with female sex hormones. J. clin. Endocr. 1970; 31: 397, (59)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Madsen P. O., Price J. M. Studies on tryptophan metabolism in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy or cancer of the prostate. J. Urol. (Baltimore) 1968; 100: 537, (32, 59)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf H., Price J. M., Brown R. R., Madsen P. O. Studies on tryptophan metabolism in male subjects treated with progestational agents. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 1970; 25: 237, (59, 121)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood S., Rivling R. S., Knox W. E. Biphasic changes of tryptophan peroxidase level in tumor-bearing mice and mice subjected to growth hormone and stress. Cancer Res. 1956; 16: 1053, (52)
   Google Scholar
• Woodring M. I., Fisher D. H., Storvick C. A. A microprocedure for the determination of 4-pyridoxic acid in urine. Clin. Chem. 1964; 10: 479, (47)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wynn V., Doar J. W. H. Some effects of oral contraceptives on carbohydrate metabolism. Lancet 1969; 2: 761, (148)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamaguchi K., Shimoyama M., Gholson R. K. Measurement of tryptophan pyrrolase in vivo: Induction and feedback inhibition. Biochim. biophys. Acta 1967; 146: 102, (20, 25, 26)
   Google Scholar
• Yess N., Price J. M., Brown R. R., Swan P. B., Linkswiler H. Vitamin B6 depletion in man: Urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites. J. Nutr. 1964; 84: 229, (59, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 89, 92, 108)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zartman E. R., Barnes A. C., Hicks D. J. Observations on pyridoxine metabolism in pregnancy. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1955; 70: 645, (108)
   Google Scholar
• Zatman L. J., Kaplan N. O., Colowick S. P. Inhibition of spleen diphosphopyridine nucleotidase by nicotinamide, an exchange reaction. J. biol. Chem. 1952; 200: 197, (28)
   Google Scholar