The management of eosinophilic gastroenteritis

References

• Ingle SB, Hinge Ingle CR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: an unusual type of gastroenteritis. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:5061–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker IS, Gulati A, McDaid JO, Bugajska-Carr U, Arends MJ. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as obstructive jaundice. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;16:407–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maamouri N, Guellouz S, Belkahla N, Mohsni B, Naija N, Chouaib S, et al. [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]. Rev Med Interne 2012;33:421–5.
   Google Scholar
• Stone KD, Prussin C. Immunomodulatory therapy of eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38:1858–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfadda AA, Storr MA, Shaffer EA. Eosinophilic colitis: epidemiology, clinical features, and current management. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2011;4:301–9.
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell JM, Collins MH, Stucke EM, Putnam PE, Franciosi JP, Kushner JP, et al. Histologic eosinophilic gastritis is a systemic disorder associated with blood and extragastric eosinophilia, TH2 immunity, and a unique gastric transcriptome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;134:1114–24.
   Google Scholar
• Collins MH. Histopathologic features of eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2014;43:257–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acet H, Ertş F, Akıl MA, Polat N, Aydın M, Akyüz A, et al. A novel predictor of infarct-related artery patency before percutaneous intervention and in-hospital outcomes for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: serum bilirubin level. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej 2014;10:91–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mungan Z, Attila T, Kapran Y, Tokatli IP, Unal Z. Eosinophilic jejunitis presenting as intractable abdominal pain. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2014;8:377–80.
   Google Scholar
• Adachi T, Motojima S, Hirata A, Fukuda T, Kihara N, Kosaku A, et al. Eosinophil apoptosis caused by theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides after stimulation with IL-5. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:S207–15.
   Google Scholar
• Lamas AM, Marcotte GV, Schleimer RP. Human endothelial cells prolong eosinophil survival. Regulation by cytokines and glucocorticoids. J Immunol 1989;142:3978–84.
   Google Scholar
• Ilmarinen P, Kankaanranta H. Eosinophil apoptosis as a therapeutic target in allergic asthma. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014;114:109–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman D, Guarderas JC, Scolapio JS, Cangemi JR. Diagnosis and treatment of postprandial nausea, allergy, and eosinophilia. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:260–3.
   Google Scholar
• Lombardi C, Salmi A, Passalacqua G. An adult case of eosinophilic pyloric stenosis maintained on remission with oral budesonide. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;43:29–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mori A, Enweluzo C, Grier D, Badireddy M. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: review of a rare and treatable disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2013;7:293–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanauer SB. New steroids for IBD: progress report. Gut 2002;51:182–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed C, Woosley JT, Dellon ES. Clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and resource utilization in children and adults with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Dig Liver Dis 2015;47:197–201.
   Google Scholar
• Chen MJ, Chu CH, Lin SC, Shih SC, Wang TE. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: clinical experience with 15 patients. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:2813–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada Y, Kato M, Isoda Y, Nishi A, Jinbo Y, Hayashi Y. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated with a multiple-food elimination diet. Allergol Int 2014;63:53–6.
   Google Scholar
• Ko HM, Morotti RA, Yershov O, Chehade M. Eosinophilic gastritis in children: clinicopathological correlation, disease course, and response to therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1277–85.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki S, Homma T, Kurokawa M, Matsukura S, Adachi M, Wakabayashi K, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis due to cow’s milk allergy presenting with acute pancreatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012;158:75–82.
   Google Scholar
• Ishimura N, Furuta K, Sato S, Ishihara S, Kinoshita Y. Limited role of allergy testing in patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:1306–13.
   Google Scholar
• Raithel M, Hahn M, Donhuijsen K, Hagel AF, Nägel A, Rieker RJ, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with refractory ulcer disease and gastrointestinal bleeding as a rare manifestation of seronegative gastrointestinal food allergy. Nutr J 2014;13:93.
   Google Scholar
• Alfadda AA, Storr MA, Shaffer EA. Eosinophilic colitis: an update on pathophysiology and treatment. Br Med Bull 2011;100:59–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justinich C, Katz A, Gurbindo C, Lepage G, Chad Z, Bouthillier L, et al. Elemental diet improves steroid-dependent eosinophilic gastroenteritis and reverses growth failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996;23:81–5.
   Google Scholar
• Leinbach GE, Rubin CE. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a simple reaction to food allergens? Gastroenterology 1970;59:874–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spergel JM, Book WM, Mays E, Song L, Shah SS, Talley NJ, et al. Variation in prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and initial management options for eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011;52:300–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albin S, Nowak-Wegrzyn A. Potential treatments for food allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2015;35:77–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayen SM, Kostadinova AI, Garssen J, Otten HG, Willemsen LE. Novel immunotherapy approaches to food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2014;14:549–56.
   Google Scholar
• Virkud YV, Vickery BP. Advances in immunotherapy for food allergy. Discov Med 2012;14:159–65.
   Google Scholar
• Larche M. Peptide immunotherapy for allergic diseases. Allergy 2007;62:325–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larche M. Mechanisms of Peptide immunotherapy in allergic airways disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014;11:S292–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hullah EA, Blaker PA, Marinaki AM, Escudier MP, Sanderson JD. A practical guide to the use of thiopurines in oral medicine. J Oral Pathol Med 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Netzer P, Gschossmann JM, Straumann A, Sendensky A, Weimann R, Schoepfer AM. Corticosteroid-dependent eosinophilic oesophagitis: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine can induce and maintain long-term remission. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:865–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagheri M, Ashrafi M, Mohamadnejad M, Abdollahzadeh Hosseini L, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Merat S, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case series from iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2011;3:115–18.
   Google Scholar
• Redondo-Cerezo E, Cabello MJ, González Y, Gómez M, García-Montero M, de Teresa J. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: our recent experience: one-year experience of atypical onset of an uncommon disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:1358–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland BH, Aramide OO, Wehbe SA, Fitzgerald SM, Krishnaswamy G. Eosinophilia in a patient with cyclical vomiting: a case report. Clin Mol Allergy 2004;2:7.
   Google Scholar
• Ciccia F, Giardina AR, Alessi N, Rodolico V, Galia M, Ferrante A, et al. Successful intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for steroid-resistant eosinophilic enteritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011;29:1018–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buttner C, Lun A, Splettstoesser T, Kunkel G, Renz H. Monoclonal anti-interleukin-5 treatment suppresses eosinophil but not T-cell functions. Eur Respir J 2003;21:799–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otani IM, Anilkumar AA, Newbury RO, Bhagat M, Beppu LY, Dohil R, et al. Anti-IL-5 therapy reduces mast cell and IL-9 cell numbers in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131:1576–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroughi S, Prussin C. Clinical management of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2005;5:259–61.
   Google Scholar
• Perez GM, Melo M, Keegan AD, Zamorano J. Aspirin and salicylates inhibit the IL-4- and IL-13-induced activation of STAT6. J Immunol 2002;168:1428–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu KS, Polosa R, Morjaria JB. Anti-IgE–emerging opportunities for Omalizumab. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013;13:765–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foroughi S, Foster B, Kim N, Bernardino LB, Scott LM, Hamilton RG, et al. Anti-IgE treatment of eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:594–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster B, Foroughi S, Yin Y, Prussin C. Effect of anti-IgE therapy on food allergen specific T cell responses in eosinophil associated gastrointestinal disorders. Clin Mol Allergy 2011;9:7.
   Google Scholar
• Available form http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm414911.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Craps LP. Immunologic and therapeutic aspects of ketotifen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985;76:389–93.
   Google Scholar
• Bolukbas FF, Bolukbas C, Uzunkoy A, Baba F, Horoz M, Ozturk E. A dramatic response to ketotifen in a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis mimicking abdominal emergency. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:1782–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melamed I, Feanny SJ, Sherman PM, Roifman CM. Benefit of ketotifen in patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Am J Med 1991;90:310–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman HJ. Longstanding eosinophilic gastroenteritis of more than 20 years. Can J Gastroenterol 2009;23:632–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki J, Kawasaki Y, Nozawa R, Isome M, Suzuki S, Takahashi A, et al. Oral disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen for a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, food allergy and protein-losing enteropathy. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2003;21:193–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Millan A, Martín-Lorente JL, López-Morante A, Yuguero L, Sáez-Royuela F. Subserosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis treated efficaciously with sodium cromoglycate. Dig Dis Sci 1997;42:342–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moots RJ, Prouse P, Gumpel JM. Near fatal eosinophilic gastroenteritis responding to oral sodium chromoglycate. Gut 1988;29:1282–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heatley RV, Harris A, Atkinson M. Treatment of a patient with clinical features of both eosinophilic gastroenteritis and polyarteritis nodosa with oral sodium cromoglycate. Dig Dis Sci 1980;25:470–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Dellen RG, Lewis JC. Oral administration of cromolyn in a patient with protein-losing enteropathy, food allergy, and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:441–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Maeyer N, Kochuyt AM, Van Moerkercke W, Hiele M. Montelukast as a treatment modality for eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2011;74:570–5.
   Google Scholar
• Urek MC, Kujundzić M, Banić M, Urek R, Veic TS, Kardum D. Leukotriene receptor antagonists as potential steroid sparing agents in a patient with serosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Gut 2006;55:1363–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quack I, Sellin L, Buchner NJ, Theegarten D, Rump LC, Henning BF. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a young girl–long term remission under Montelukast. BMC Gastroenterol 2005;5:24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daikh BE, Ryan CK, Schwartz RH. Montelukast reduces peripheral blood eosinophilia but not tissue eosinophilia or symptoms in a patient with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and esophageal stricture. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003;90:23–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz DA, Pardi DS, Murray JA. Use of montelukast as steroid-sparing agent for recurrent eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46:1787–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neustrom MR, Friesen C. Treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with montelukast. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner D, Wolters VM, Russell RK, Shakhnovich V, Muise AM, Ledder O, et al. Anti-TNF, infliximab, and adalimumab can be effective in eosinophilic bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013;56:492–7.
   Google Scholar
• Morikawa K, Oseko F, Morikawa S, Iwamoto K. Immunomodulatory effects of three macrolides, midecamycin acetate, josamycin, and clarithromycin, on human T-lymphocyte function in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:2643–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morikawa K, Zhang J, Nonaka M, Morikawa S. Modulatory effect of macrolide antibiotics on the Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002;19:53–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohe M, Hashino S. Successful treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with clarithromycin. Korean J Intern Med 2012;27:451–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawaguchi Y, Mine T, Yasuzaki H, Kusakabe A, Kawana I, Umemura S. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis cured with Helicobacter pylori eradication. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:1063–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soavi C, Caselli M, Sioulis F, Cassol F, Lanza G, Zuliani G. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis cured with Helicobacter pylori eradication: case report and review of literature. Helicobacter 2014;19:237–8.
   Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos AA, Tzathas C, Polymeros D, Ladas SD. Symptomatic eosinophilic gastritis cured with Helicobacter pylori eradication. Gut 2005;54:1822.
   Google Scholar
• Borody TJ, Khoruts A. Fecal microbiota transplantation and emerging applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;9:88–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colman RJ, Rubin DT. Fecal microbiota transplantation as therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2014;8:1569–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassam Z, Lee CH, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:500–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai YX, Shi CB, Cui BT, Wang M, Ji GZ, Zhang FM. Fecal microbiota transplantation and prednisone for severe eosinophilic gastroenteritis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:16368–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charalabopoulos A, Charalabopoulos K, Avuzuklidou M, Charalabopoulos AK, Ioachim E, Lebren F, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: presentation of two patients with unusual affect of terminal ileum and caecum with manifestations of acute abdomen and literature review. Int J Clin Pract 2004;58:413–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uenishi T, Sakata C, Tanaka S, Yamamoto T, Shuto T, Hirohashi K, et al. Eosinophilic enteritis presenting as acute intestinal obstruction: a case report and review of the literature. Dig Surg 2003;20:326–9.
   Google Scholar
• Shweiki E, West JC, Klena JW, Kelley SE, Colley AT, Bross RJ, et al. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting as an obstructing cecal mass–a case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3644–5.
   Google Scholar
• Naylor AR. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Scott Med J 1990;35:163–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Available form https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01814059.
   Google Scholar