7
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Flash Visual Evoked Responses in the Early Encephalopathy of Chronic Liver Disease

, &
Pages 1205-1214 | Received 03 Apr 1990, Accepted 23 May 1990, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Summerskill H J, Davidson E A, Sherlock S, et al. The neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with hepatic cirrhosis and extensive portal collateral circulation. Q J Med 1956; 25: 245–247
  • Sherlock S, Summerskill W H, White L P, Pear E A. Portal-systemic encephalopathy: neurological complications of liver disease. Lancet 1954; 2: 453–457
  • Parsons-Smith B G, Summerskill W HJ, Dawson A M, Sherlock S. The EEG in liver disease. Lancet 1957; 2: 867–871
  • Laidlaw J, Reid A E. The EEG in hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Sci 1963; 24: 109–120
  • Van der Ryt C D, Schalm S W, De Groot G H, De Vlieger M. Objective measurements of hepatic encephalopathy by means of activated EEG analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 57: 423–426
  • Gillen W. The diagnosis and prevalence of sub-clinical hepatic encephalopathy in apparently ambu-lent non-shunted patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1986; 3: 75–82
  • Rikkers L, Jenko P, Rudman D, Freides D. Sub-clinical hepatic encephalopathy: detection, prevalence and relationship to nitrogen metabolism. Gas-troenterology 1979; 75: 462–469
  • Rehnstrom S, Simert G, Hansson J, Johnson G, Vany J. Chronic hepatic encephalopathy: a psycho-metrical study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1977; 12: 305–311
  • Zeneroli M L, Pinelli G, Gallini G, et al. VEP: a diagnostic tool for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut 1984; 25: 291–299
  • Conn H O. Trailmaking and number connection tests in the assessment of mental state in portal systemic encephalopathy. Am J Dig Dis 1977; 22: 541–550
  • Reitan R M. Validity of trailmaking tests is an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept Mot Skills 1958; 8: 271–272
  • Conn H O, Leevy Z B, Vlahcevic Z R, et al. Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. Gas-troenterology 1977; 72: 573–583
  • Sherlock S. Hepatic encephalopathy. Diseases of the liver and biliary system, S Sherlock. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1981; 91–115
  • Pugh R MH, Murray L IM, Dawson J L, Pielsini M L, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 1973; 60: 646–648
  • Shagass C, Straumanis J J, Rohmer R, Amadzo M. ERP and psychopathology. Event related brain potentials in man, E Calloway, P Tueting, S H Koslow. Academic Press, New York 1977
  • Halliday A M, McDonald W I, Mushin J. Delayed pattern evoked responses in optic neuritis in relation to visual acuity. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1973; 93: 315–324
  • Bodis-Wollner I, Yahr M D. Measurement of visual evoked potentials in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1978; 101: 661–671
  • Carroll W M, Kriss A, Baraitsu M, Barrett G, Halliday A M. The incidence and nature of visual pathway involvement in Friedreichson's ataxia: a clinical and visual evoked potential study of 22 patients. Brain 1980; 103: 413–434
  • Creutzfeld O D, Kuhnt U, Benerento L A. An intercellular analysis of visual cortical neurones to moving stimuli; a response to a cooperative neuronal network. Exp Brain Res 1974; 21: 251–260
  • Shagass C, Straumausis J J. Drugs and human sensory evoked potentials. Psychopharmacology: a generation of progress, M A Lipton, A diMascio. Raven Press, New York 1978; 699–728
  • Aminoff M J. Evoked responses in clinical medicine. O J Med 1986; 228: 345–362
  • Zeneroli M L, Venturi E, Baraldi M, Penne A, Messori E, Zieve L. Visual evoked potentials in experimental hepatic encephalopathy and in pharmacological induced coma-like states in rat. Life Sci 1981; 28: 1503–1515
  • Schafer D F, Pappas S C, Brody L E, Jacobs R, Jones E A. Visual evoked potentials in a rabbit model of hepatic encephalopathy. I. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 540–545
  • Pappas S C, Ferenci P, Schafer D E, Jones E A. Visual evoked potentials in a rabbit model of hepatic encephalopathy. II. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 546–551
  • Ferenci P, Pappas S C, Munson P J, Henson K, Jones E A. Changes in the status of neurotransmitter receptors in rabbit model of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 1984; 4: 186–191
  • Rzepcyzynski D, Zieve I, Lindlaub S, Lefontaine D. In vivo studies of GABAergic effects in experimental hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 1986; 4: 621–628
  • Casellas F, Sagalas T, Calzada M D. VEP in hepatic encephalopathy. Lancet 1985; 1: 394–395
  • Hoyumpa A M. The unfolding GABA story. Hepatology 1986; 5: 1042–1044
  • Sandford S L, Tarter R E, Sclabassi R, Van Thiel D. Sensory information processing in patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. J Neurol Sci 1987; 80: 267–276
  • Levy L J, Bolton R P, Losowsky M S. The use of VEP in delineating a state of subclinical encephalopathy. J Hepatol 1987; 5: 211–217
  • Myslobodsky M S, Sharon D, Novis R H. Pattern reversal VEP in hepatic cirrhosis. Hepatogas-troenterology 1986; 33: 145–147
  • Pierelli F, Pozzessere G, Sanarelli L, Valle E, Rizzo P A, Morocutti C. Electrophysiological study in patients in chronic hepatic insufficiency. Acta Neurol Belg 1985; 85: 284–291
  • Matos L, Paiva T, Cravo M. Multimodal evoked potentials in subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Advances in ammonia metabolism and hepatic encephalopathy, P B Soeters, J HP Wilson, A J Meijer, E Holm. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1988; 373–381
  • Paiva T, Fred A, Nunes-Leitao J. EEG and VER mapping in some metabolic disease. Statistics and topography in quantitative EEG. Elsevier Science Publishers, Paris 1988; 237–241
  • Yang S-S, Chu N-S, Liaw Y-F. Somatosensory evoked potentials in hepatic encephalopathy. Gas-troenterology 1985; 59: 625–630
  • Yang S-S, Chu N-S, Liaw Y-F. Brainstem auditory potentials in hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 1986; 6: 1352–1355
  • Chu N-S, Yang S-S. Portal-systemic encephalopathy alterations in somatosensory and brainstem evoked potentials. J Neurol Sci 1988; 84: 41–50
  • Chu N-S, Yang S-S. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in different types of hepatic disease. Elec-troencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987; 67: 337–339
  • Chut N-S, Yang S-S. Somatosensory and brainstem evoked potentials in alcoholic liver disease with and without encephalopathy. Alcohol 1987; 4: 225–230
  • Borg J, Warters J M, Schlienger J L, Imler M, Mare-seaux C, Mack G. Neurotransmitter modifications in human cerebrospinal fluid and serum during hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurol Sci 1982; 57: 343–356
  • Zeneroli M L. Hepatic encephalopathy: experimental studies in a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol 1985; 1: 301–312
  • Tarter R E, Hays A L, Sandford S S, Van Thiel D H. Cerebral morphological abnormalities associated with nonalcoholic cirrhosis. Lancet 1986; 2: 893–895
  • Crandell L A, Weil A. Pathology of the central nervous system in diseases of the liver. Arch Neurol Psychiat 1933; 29: 1066–1089

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.