Intrinsic Factor Secretion and Cobalamin Absorption: Physiology and Pathophysiology in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Reference

• Castle WB. Observations on the etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia. Am J Med Sci 1929; 178: 748–764
   Google Scholar
• Levine J S, Nakane P K, Allen RH. Immunocyto-chemical localization of human intrinsic factor: the nonstimulated stomach. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 493–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doscherholmen A, Silvis SE. Effect of time, temperature, and peptic activity on intrinsic factor content of acid gastric juice. Gastroenterology 1971; 61: 844–849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doscherholmen A, Silvis SE. Accelerated peptic activity in ice. Cryobiology 1971; 8: 577–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rödbro P. The intrinsic factor secretion in localized gastric disorders. Acta Med Scand 1970; 188: 457–463
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rödbro P. Histamine stimulation of gastric intrinsic factor secretion. Acta Med Scand 1970; 188: 451–455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Irvine WJ. Effect of gastrin I and II on secretion of intrinsic factor. Lancet 1965; 1: 736–737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatn M H, Schrumpf E, Myren J. The effect of carbachol and pentagastrin on the gastric secretion of acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor (IF) in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1975; 10: 55–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatn M H, Myren J. Gastric secretory response to different doses of carbachol and pentagastrin in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1976; 11: 421–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatn M H, Petersen H, Myren J. The effect of graded doses of pentagastrin and secretin on the intrinsic factor (IF) secretion in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1974; 9: 691–695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festen H PM, Tuynman H ARE, Den Hollander W, Meuwissen S GM. Repeated high oral doses of omeprazole do not affect intrinsic factor secretion: proof of a selective mode of action. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1989; 3: 375–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapadia C R, Donaldson RM. Macromolecular secretion by isolated gastric mucosa: fundamental differences in pepsinogen and intrinsic factor secretion. Gastroenterology 1978; 74: 535–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatn M H, Semb L S, Schrumpf E. The effect of atropine and vagotomy on the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor (IF) in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1975; 10: 59–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder H J, Donaldson RM. Effect of cimetidine on intrinsic factor and pepsin secretion. Gastroenterology 1978; 74: 371–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpe P C, Mills J G, Horton M A, Hunt R H, Vincent S H, Milton-Thompson GJ. Histamine H2 receptors and intrinsic factor secretion. Scand J Gastroenterol 1980; 15: 377–384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker K A, Adrian T E, Ballantyne G H, Modlin IM. Prostaglandin E analogue inhibition of intrinsic factor release. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 650–654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrumpf E, Vatn M H, Hanssen K F, Semb L S, Myren J. Somatostatin inhibits insulin stimulated gastrin release and gastric secretion of acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor (IF) in duodenal ulcer patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1976; 11: 517–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatn M H, Berstad A, Myren J. The effect of exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) on pentagastrin stimulated intrinsic factor (IF) secretion in man. Scand J Gastroenterol 1974; 9: 313–317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doscherholmen A, Swain WR. Impaired assimilation of egg Co57 Vitamin B12 in patients with hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria and after gastric resection. Gastroenterology 1973; 64: 913–919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King C E, Leibach J, Toskes PP. Clinically significant Vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to mal-absorption of protein-bound vitamin B12. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24: 397–402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmel R, Sinow R M, Siegel M E, Samloff IM. Food cobalamin malabsorption occurs frequently in patients with unexplained low serum cobalamin levels. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1715–1719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson-Ehle H, Landhal S, Lindstedt G, et al. Low serum cobalamin levels in a population study of 70-and 75-year old subjects: gastrointestinal causes and hematological effects. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 716–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Don't ignore low serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1705–1707
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holt P R, Rosenberg I H, Russell RM. Causes and consequences of hypochlorhydria in the elderly. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 933–937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg W M, King C E, Toskes PP. Malabsorption of protein-bound cobalamin but not unbound cobalamin during cimetidine administration. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25: 188–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festen H, Tertoolen J. Malabsorption of protein-bound cobalamin but not unbound cobalamin during treatment with omeprazole. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: A125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toskes P P, Smith G W, Francis G M, Sander EG. Evidence that pancreatic proteases enhance vitamin B12 absorption by acting upon crude preparations of hog gastric intrinsic factor and human gastric juice. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 31–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcoullis G, Parmentier Y, Nicolas J P, Jimenez M, Gerard P. Cobalamin malabsorption due to non-degradation of R proteins in the human intestine: inhibited cobalamin absorption in exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. J Clin Invest 1980; 66: 430–440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toskes P P, Hansell J, Cerda J, Deren JJ. Vitamin B12 malabsorption in chronic pancreatic insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1971; 284: 627–632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matuchansky C, Rambaud J C, Modigliani R, Bernier JJ. Vitamin B12 malabsorption in chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1974; 67: 406–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veeger W, Abels J, Helleman N, Nieweg HO. Effect of sodium bicarbonate and pancreatin on the absorption of vitamin B]2 and fat in pancreatic insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1962; 267: 1341–1344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y M, Ducos R, Rosenberg A J, et al. Cobalamin malabsorption in three siblings due to an abnormal intrinsic factor that is markedly susceptible to acid and proteolysis. J Clin Invest 1985; 76: 2057–2065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz M, Lee S K, Cooper BA. Vitamin B12 malabsorption due to a biologically inert intrinsic factor. N Engl J Med 1972; 287: 425–429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmel R. Pernicious anemia: the expected findings of very low serum cobalamin levels, anemia and macrocytosis are often lacking. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1712–1714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindenbaum J, Pezzimenti J F, Shea N. Small intestinal function in vitamin BI2 deficiency. Ann Intern Med 1974; 80: 326–331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lederle FA. Oral cobalamin for pernicious anemia: medicine's best kept secret?. JAMA 1991; 265: 94–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deller D J, Richards W CD, Witts LJ. Changes in the blood after partial gastrectomy with special reference to vitamin B12. Q J Med 1962; 31: 89–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doscherholmen A, Swaim WR. Impaired assimilation of egg Co57 vitamin B12 in patients with hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria after gastric resection. Gastroenterology 1973; 64: 913–919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schjönsby H, Drasar B S, Tabaqchali S, Booth CC. Uptake of vitamin B12 by intestinal bacteria in the stagnant loop syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 1973; 8: 41–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welkos S L, Toskes P P, Baer H. Importance of anaerobic bacteria in the cobalamin malabsorption of the experimental rat blind loop syndrome. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 313–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filipsson S, Hulten L, Lindstedt G. Malabsorption of fat and vitamin B12 before and after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1978; 13: 529–536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart J S, Pollock D J, Hoffbrand A V, Mollin D L, Booth CC. A study of proximal and distal intestinal structure and absorptive function in idiopathic steatorrhoea. O J Med 1967; 36: 425–444
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie I L, Donaldson R M, Trier J S, Mathan VI. Ileal mucosa in familial selective vitamin B12 malabsorption. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 1021–1025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar