References
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. Workers’ manual. 5th. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health, Department of Public Health; 2008.
- Nelson LJ, Wells CD. Global epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004;8:636–47.
- Starke JR, Jacobs RF, Jereb J. Resurgence of tuberculosis in Children. J Pediatr 1992;120:839–55.
- Munoz FM, Strake JR. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Behrman RE, Kheigamn RM, Jerson HB. Nelson textbook of paediatrics. 17th. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. 958–72.
- Shennan DH, Kibel AM. Tuberculosis. Stanfield P, Brueton M, Chan M, Parkin M, Waterson T. Diseases of children in the subtropics and tropics. 4th. London: ELBS, Edward Arnold; 1991. 519–52.
- Yusuph H, Garbati MA, Gashau W. Mantoux reaction in patients with HIV-related pulmonary tuberculosis in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Afr J Med Sci 2005;34:125–8.
- Egbagbe EE, Iyawe VI, Awotedu AA. Value of Mantoux test in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigeria. Niger Med J 2000;38:11–3.
- Lienhardt C, Sillah J, Fielding K, Donkor S, Manneh K, Warndorff D, . Risk factors for tuberculosis infection in children in contact with infectious tuberculosis cases in the Gambia, West Africa. Pediatrics 2003;111:608–14.
- American Academy of Pediatrics; Pediatric Tuberculosis Collaborative Group. Targeted tuberculin skin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004;114:1175–201.
- Ifezulike CC, Ezechukwu CC, Egbonu I, Chukwuka JO. Tuberculin reaction among healthy BCG vaccinated primary school children in Nnewi, south eastern Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2005;8:4–9.
- Lockman S, Tappero JW, Kenyon TA, Rumisha D, Huebner RE, Binkin NJ. Tuberculin reactivity in a pediatric population with high BCG vaccination coverage. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999;3:23–30.
- Nottidge VA, Al Hibshi A, Alswat H. Tuberculin (Mantoux) test reaction in BCG-vaccinated children. Niger J Paediatr 1994;21:12–6.
- Wammanda RD, Gambo MJ, Abdulkadir I. The Mantoux test: should we change site? Trop Doct 2006;36:40.
- World Health Organization. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system 2009 global summary. Geneva: WHO; 2009.
- Osinusi K. Clinical and epidemiological features of childhood tuberculosis in Ibadan. Niger J Paediatr 1998;25:15–9.
- Oyedeji GA. Socioeconomic and cultural background of hospitalized children in Ilesha. Niger J Paediatr 1985;12:11–117.
- Wellcome Trust Working Party Classification of infantile malnutrition. Lancet 1970;2:302.
- Fine PE, Bruce J, Ponnighaus JM, Nkhosa P, Harawa A, Vynnycky E. Tuberculin sensitivity: conversions and reversions in a rural African population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999;3:962–75.
- Steiner P, Rao M, Victoria MS, Jabbar H, Steiner M. Persistently negative tuberculin reactions: their presence among children with culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculin-negative tuberculosis). Am J Dis Child 1980;134:747–50.
- Starr S, Berkovich S. Effects of measles, gamma-globulin-modified measles and vaccine measles on the tuberculin test. N Engl J Med 1964;270:386–91.
- Caiaffa WT, Graham NM, Galai N, Rizzo RT, Nelson KE, Vlohov D. Instability of delayed hypersensitivity skin test anergy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:2111–7.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anergy skin testing and tuberculosis [corrected] preventive therapy for HIV-infected persons: revised recommendations. MMWR Recomm Rep 1997;46:1–10.
- Starke JR, Taylor-Watts KT. Tuberculosis in the pediatric population of Houston, Texas. Pediatrics 1989;84:747–50.
- Tanzania Tuberculin Survey Collaboration. Tuberculosis control in the era of the HIV epidemic: risk of tuberculosis infection in Tanzania, 1983–1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001;5:103–12.
- Pan W, Matizirofa L, Workman L, Hawkridge T, Hanekom W, Mahomed H, . Comparison of Mantoux and Tine tuberculin skin tests in BCG-vaccinated children investigated for tuberculosis. PLoS One 2009;4:e8085.
- Al-Kassimi FA, Abdullah AK, al-Orainey IO, Benar AB, al-Hajjaj MS, al-Majed S, al-Wazzan A. The significance of positive Mantoux reactions in BCG-vaccinated children. Tubercle 1991;72:101–4.
- Horwitz O, Bunch-Christensen K. Correlation between tuberculin sensitivity after 2 months and 5 years among BCG vaccinated subjects. Bull World Health Organ 1972;47:49–58.
- Menzies D. What does tuberculin reactivity after bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination tell us? Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:71–4.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Core curriculum on tuberculosis. What the clinician should know. 4th. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2000.
- Avasthi R, Mohanty D, Chaudhary SC, Kiran M. Disseminated tuberculosis: interesting hematological observations. J Assoc Physicians India 2010;58:243–4.