References
- National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004;32:470–85.
- Arias CA, Murray BE. Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century—a clinical super-challenge. N Engl J Med 2009;360:439–43.
- McDonald LC. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in health care associated pathogens and effect on treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42(Suppl 2):S65–71.
- Gaynes R, Edwards JR. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis 2004;41: 848–54.
- Ashour HM, El-Sharif A. Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria in hospitalized cancer patients. J Transl Med 2009;7:14.
- Buke C, Armand-Lefevre L, Lolom I, Guerinot W, Deblangy C, Ruimy R, . Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria in patients with long hospital stays. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:1255–60.
- Maragakis LL, Perencevich EN, Cosgrave SE. Clinical and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance. Expert Rev Infect Ther 2008;6:751–63.
- Salgado CD, O'Grady N, Farr BM. Prevention and control of antimicrobial-resistant infections in intensive care patients. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2373–82.
- Danai PA, Moss M, Mannino DM, Martin GS. The epidemiology of sepsis in patients with malignancy. Chest 2006;129:1432–40.
- Williams MD, Braun LA, Cooper LM, Johnston J, Weiss RV, Qualy RL, . Hospitalized cancer patients with severe sepsis: analysis of incidence, mortality, and associated costs of care. Crit Care 2004;8:R291–8.
- Ashour HM, El-Sharif A. Microbial spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Gram-positive aerobic bacteria isolated from cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:5763–9.
- Bhorade SM, Christenson J, Pohlman AS, Arnow PM, Hall JB. The incidence of and clinical variables associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococcal colonization in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 1999;115:1085–91.
- Vergis EN, Hayden MK, Chow JW, Snydman DR, Zervos MJ, Linden PK, . Determinants of vancomycin resistance and mortality rates in enterococcal bacteremia. A prospective multicenter study. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:484–92.
- Charlson ME, Charlson RE, Peterson JC, Marinopoulos SS, Briggs WM, Hollenberg JP. The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients. J Clin Epidemiol 2008;61:1234–40.
- Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN Surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309–32.
- Gold HS, Moellering RC Jr. Antimicrobial-drug resistance. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1445–53.
- Falagas ME, Kopterides P. Risk factors for the isolation of multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a systematic review of the literature. J Hosp Infect 2006;64:7–15.
- Fournier PE, Richet H. The epidemiology and control of Acinetobacter baumannii in health care facilities. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:692–9.
- Playford EG, Craig JC, Iredell JR. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit patients: risk factors for acquisition, infection and their consequences. J Hosp Infect 2007;65:204–11.
- Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Tenover FC, McDonald LC, Horan T, Gaynes R. Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992–2003. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42: 389–91.
- Graffunder EM, Venezia RA. Risk factors associated with nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection including previous use of antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;49:999–1005.
- Fabbro-Peray P, Sotto A, Defez C, Cazaban M, Molinari L, Pinède M, . Mortality attributable to nosocomial infection: a cohort of patients with and without nosocomial infection in a French university hospital. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 2007;28:265–72.
- Shurland S, Zhan M, Bradham DD, Roghmann MC. Comparison of mortality risk associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 2007;28: 273–9.
- Zinn CS, Westh H, Rosdahl VT; Sarisa Study Group. An international multicenter study of antimicrobial resistance and typing of hospital Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 21 laboratories in 19 countries or states. Microb Drug Resist 2004;10:160–8.
- Blot S. Limiting the attributable mortality of nosocomial infection and multidrug resistance in intensive care units. Clin Microb Infect 2008;14:5–13.