References
- Stefánsdóttir A, Johansson D, Knutson K, Lidgren L, Robertsson O. Microbiology of the infected knee arthroplasty: report from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register on 426 surgically revised cases. Scand J Infect Dis 2009;41: 831–40.
- Zimmerli W, Moser C. Pathogenesis and treatment concepts of orthopaedic biofilm infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2012;65:158–68.
- Zimmerli W, Trampuz A, Ochsner PE. Prosthetic-joint infections. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1645–54.
- Martínez-Pastor JC, Muñoz-Mahamud E, Vilchez F, García-Ramiro S, Bori G, Sierra J, et al. Outcome of acute prosthetic joint infections due to Gram-negative bacilli treated with open debridement and retention of the prosthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:4772–7.
- Aboltins CA, Dowsey MM, Buising KL, Peel TN, Daffy JR, Choong PF, et al. Gram-negative prosthetic joint infection treated with debridement, prosthesis retention and antibiotic regimens including a fluoroquinolone. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011;17:862–7.
- Zmistowski B, Fedorka CJ, Sheehan E, Deirmengian G, Austin MS, Parvizi J. Prosthetic joint infection caused by Gram-negative organisms. J Arthroplasty 2011;26:104–8.
- Jaén N, Martínez-Pastor JC, Muñoz-Mahamud E, García-Ramiro S, Bosch J, Mensa J, Soriano A. Long-term outcome of acute prosthetic joint infections due to Gram-negative bacilli treated with retention of prosthesis. Rev Esp Quimioter 2012;25:194–8.
- Ryan MJ, Kavanagh R, Wall PG, Hazleman BL. Bacterial joint infections in England and Wales: analysis of bacterial isolates over a four year period. Br J Rheumatol 1997;36: 370–3.
- Limbird TJ. Hemophilus influenzae infection of a total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1985;199:182–4.
- Borenstein DG, Simon GL. Hemophilus influenzae septic arthritis in adults. A report of four cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1986;65:191–201.
- Bezwada HP, Nazarian DG, Booth RE Jr. Haemophilus influenzae infection complicating a total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;402:202–5.
- Le Quellec S, Gaillot O, Chotel F, Freydière AM, Laurent F, Vandenesch F, Doléans-Jordheim A. Septic arthritis caused by noncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. J Clin Microbiol 2013;51:1970–2.
- Albritton WL, Brunton JL, Meier M, Bowman MN, Slaney LA. Haemophilus influenzae: comparison of respiratory tract isolates with genitourinary tract isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1982;16:826–31.
- Hsieh PH, Lee MS, Hsu KY, Chang YH, Shih HN, Ueng SW. Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections: risk factors and outcome of treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:1036–43.
- Murphy TF, Kirkham C. Biofilm formation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: strain variability, outer membrane antigen expression and role of pili. BMC Microbiol 2002; 2:7.
- Uckay I, Bernard L. Gram-negative versus Gram-positive prosthetic joint infections. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:795.
- Sendi P, Zimmerli W. Antimicrobial treatment concepts for orthopaedic device-related infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:1176–84.
- Stein A, Bataille JF, Drancourt M, Curvale G, Argenson JN, Groulier P, Raoult D. Ambulatory treatment of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus-infected orthopedic implants with high-dose oral co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:3086–91.
- Puhto AP, Puhto T, Syrjala H. Short-course antibiotics for prosthetic joint infections treated with prosthesis retention. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:1143–8.