Comparison of different approaches to predict metabolic drug–drug interactions

References

• Abdul MR, Wright CE, Gregory A, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Meller ST, Kelm GR, Lennard MS, Tucker GT, Morice AH. The antitussive effect of dextromethorphan in relation to CYP2D6 activity. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1999; 48(3)382–387
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abelo A, Andersson TB, Antonsson M, Naudot AK, Skanberg I, Weidolf L. Stereoselective metabolism of omeprazole by human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2000; 28(8)966–972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahonen J, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of route of administration of fluconazole on the interaction between fluconazole and midazolam. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1997; 51(5)415–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert KS, Hallmark MR, Sakmar E, Weidler DJ, Wagner JG. Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine in man. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacology 1975; 3(3)159–170
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alderman J, Preskorn SH, Greenblatt DJ, Harrison W, Penenberg D, Allison J, Chung M. Desipramine pharmacokinetics when coadministered with paroxetine or sertraline in extensive metabolizers. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1997; 17(4)284–291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Appel S, Rufenacht T, Kalafsky G, Tetzloff W, Kallay Z, Hitzenberger G, Kutz K. Lack of interaction between fluvastatin and oral hypoglycemic agents in healthy subjects and in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Cardiology 1995; 76(2)29A–32A
   Google Scholar
• Austin RP, Barton P, Cockroft SL, Wenlock MC, Riley RJ. The influence of nonspecific microsomal binding on apparent intrinsic clearance, and its prediction from physicochemical properties. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2002; 30(12)1497–1503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayesh R, Dawling S, Hayler A, Oates NS, Cholerton S, Widdop B, Idle JR, Smith RL. Comparative effects of the diastereoisomers, quinine and quinidine in producing phenocopy debrisoquine poor metabolisers (PMs) in healthy volunteers. Chirality 1991; 3(1)14–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman JT, Kivisto KT, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve for oral midazolam is 400-fold larger during treatment with itraconazole than with rifampicin. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1998; 54(1)53–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman JT, Olkkola KT, Aranko K, Himberg JJ, Neuvonen PJ. Dose of midazolam should be reduced during diltiazem and verapamil treatments. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1994; 37(3)221–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balfour JA, Faulds D. Terbinafine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in superficial mycoses. Drugs 1992; 43(2)259–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball SE, Ahern D, Scatina J, Kao J. Venlafaxine: in vitro inhibition of CYP2D6 dependent imipramine and desipramine metabolism; comparative studies with selected SSRIs, and effects on human hepatic CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP1A2. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1997; 43(6)619–626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannister SJ, Houser VP, Hulse JD, Kisicki JC, Rasmussen JGC. Evaluation of the potential for interactions of paroxetine with diazepam, cimetidine, warfarin, and digoxin. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1989; 80(Suppl. 350)102–106
   Google Scholar
• Bergstrom RF, Peyton AL, Lemberger L. Quantification and mechanism of the fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressant interaction. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1992; 51(3)239–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjornsson TD, Callaghan JT, Einolf HJ, Fischer V, Gan L, Grimm S, Kao J, King SP, Miwa G, Ni L, et al. The conduct of in vitro and in vivo drug–drug interaction studies: A Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) perspective. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2003; 31(7)815–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black DJ, Kunze KL, Wienkers LC, Gidal BE, Seaton TL, McDonnell ND, Evans JS, Bauwens JE, Trager WF. Warfarin-fluconazole. II. A metabolically based drug interaction: In vivo studies. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1996; 24(4)422–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard N, Richert L, Coassolo P, Lave T. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of drug–drug interaction potential in man, based on Ki, IC50 and inhibitor concentration. Current Drug Metabolism 2004; 5(2)147–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blyden GT, Greenblatt DJ, Scavone JM, Shader RI. Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine and a demethylated metabolite following intravenous and oral administration. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1986; 26(7)529–533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondolfi G, Chautems C, Rochat B, Bertschy G, Baumann P. Non-response to citalopram in depressive patients: Pharmacokinetic and clinical consequences of a fluvoxamine augmentation. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1996; 128(4)421–425
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bottiger Y, Tybring G, Gotharson E, Bertilsson L. Inhibition of the sulfoxidation of omeprazole by ketoconazole in poor and extensive metabolizers of S-mephenytoin. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1997; 62(4)384–391
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brannan MD, Reidenberg P, Radwanski E, Shneyer L, Lin CC, Cayen MN, Affrime MB. Loratadine administered concomitantly with erythromycin: pharmacokinetic and electrocardiographic evaluations. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1995; 58(3)269–278
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown HS, Chadwick A, Houston JB. Use of isolated hepatocyte preparations for P450 inhibition studies: Comparison with microsomes for Ki determination. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 2007, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Brown HS, Galetin A, Hallifax D, Houston JB. Prediction of in vivo drug–drug interactions from in vitro data: factors affecting prototypic drug–drug interactions involving CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2006; 45(10)1035–1050
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown HS, Ito K, Galetin A, Houston JB. Prediction of in vivo drug–drug interactions from in vitro data: impact of incorporating parallel pathways of drug elimination and inhibitor absorption rate constant. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2005; 60(5)508–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo G, Garcia-Gea C, Luque A, Morte A, Dal Re R, Barbanoj M. Lack of pharmacologic interaction between paroxetine and alprazolam at steady state in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2004; 24(3)268–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cate EW, Rogers JF, Powell JR. Inhibition of tolbutamide elimination by cimetidine but not ranitidine. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1986; 26(5)372–377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang WH, Augustin B, Lane HY, ZumBrunnen T, Liu HC, Kazmi Y, Jann MW. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of the drug–drug interaction between fluvoxamine and clozapine. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1999; 145(1)91–98
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chellingsworth MC, Laugher S, Akhlaghi S, Jack DB, Kendall MJ. The effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol. Aliment Pharmacology and Therapy 1988; 2(6)521–527
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christensen M, Tybring G, Mihara K, Yasui-Furokori N, Carrillo JA, Ramos SI, Andersson K, Dahl ML, Bertilsson L. Low daily 10-mg and 20-mg doses of fluvoxamine inhibit the metabolism of both caffeine (cytochrome P4501A2) and omeprazole (cytochrome P4502C19). Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2002; 71(3)141–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins C, Levy R, Ragueneau-Majlessi I, Hachad H. Prediction of maximum exposure in poor metabolizers following inhibition of nonpolymorphic pathways. Current Drug Metabolism 2006; 7(3)295–299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daneshmend TK, Warnock DW. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1988; 14(1)13–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Debruyne D, Ryckelynck JP. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluconazole. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1993; 24(1)10–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVane CL, Donovan JL, Liston HL, Markowitz JS, Cheng KT, Risch SC, Willard L. Comparative CYP3A4 inhibitory effects of venlafaxine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and nefazodone in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2004; 24(1)4–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVane CL, Savett M, Jusko WJ. Desipramine and 2-hydroxy-desipramine pharmacokinetics in normal volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1981; 19(1)61–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixit AA, Rao YM. Pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and tolbutamide. Drug Metabolism Drug Interactions 1999; 15(4)269–277
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eap CB, Buclin T, Cucchia G, Zullino D, Hustert E, Bleiber G, Golay KP, Aubert AC, Baumann P, Telenti A, et al. Oral administration of a low dose of midazolam (75 microg) as an in vivo probe for CYP3A activity. European. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2004; 60(4)237–246
   Google Scholar
• Ernest CS, Hall SD, Jones DR. Mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A by HIV protease inhibitors. Journal of Pharmacology Experimental Therapy 2005; 312(2)583–591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrazzo M, La Pia S, Monteleone P, Mennella R, Esposito G, Pinto A, Maj M. Fluvoxamine increases plasma and urinary levels of clozapine and its major metabolites in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2000; 20(6)708–710
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischer V, Johanson L, Heitz F, Tullman R, Graham E, Baldeck JP, Robinson WT. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor fluvastatin: Effect on human cytochrome P-450 and implications for metabolic drug interactions. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1999; 27(3)410–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhr U, Woodcock BG, Siewert M. Verapamil and drug metabolism by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A2. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1992; 42(4)463–464
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galetin A, Burt H, Gibbons L, Houston JB. Prediction of time-dependent CYP3A4 drug–drug interactions: Impact of enzyme degradation, parallel elimination pathways, and intestinal inhibition. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2006; 34(1)166–175
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenblatt DJ, Preskorn SH, Cotreau MM, Horst WD, Harmatz JS. Fluoxetine impairs clearance of alprazolam but not of clonazepam. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1992; 52(5)479–486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenblatt DJ, Von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Counihan M, Graf JA, Durol AL, Mertzanis P, Duan SX, Wright CE, Shader RI. Inhibition of triazolam clearance by macrolide antimicrobial agents: In vitro correlates and dynamic consequences. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1998a; 64(3)278–285
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenblatt DJ, Von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Durol AL, Daily JP, Graf JA, Mertzanis P, Hoffman JL, Shader RI. Alprazolam–ritonavir interaction: Implications for product labeling. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2000a; 67(4)335–341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenblatt DJ, Von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Durol AL, Daily JP, Graf JA, Mertzanis P, Hoffman JL, Shader RI. Differential impairment of triazolam and zolpidem clearance by ritonavir. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 2000b; 24(2)129–136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenblatt DJ, Wright CE, Von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Ehrenberg BL, Harrel LM, Corbett K, Counihan M, Tobias S, Shader RI. Ketoconazole inhibition of triazolam and alprazolam clearance: Differential kinetic and dynamic consequences. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1998b; 64(3)237–247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guerret M, Francheteau P, Hubert M. Evaluation of effects of terbinafine on single oral dose pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant actions of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Pharmacotherapy 1997; 17(4)767–773
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall J, Naranjo CA, Sproule BA, Herrmann N. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the inhibition of alprazolam by citalopram and fluoxetine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003; 23(4)349–357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hallifax D, Houston JB. Uptake and intracellular binding of lipophilic amine drugs by isolated rat hepatocytes and implications for prediction of in vivo metabolic clearance. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2006; 34(11)1829–1836
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hallifax D, Houston JB. Saturable uptake of lipophilic amine drugs into isolated hepatocytes: mechanisms and consequences or quantitative clearance prediction. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2007; 35(8)1325–1332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamelin BA, Bouayad A, Drolet B, Gravel A, Turgeon J. In vitro characterization of cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibition by classic histamine H1 receptor antagonists. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1998; 26(6)536–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamelin BA, Bouayad A, Methot J, Jobin J, Desgagnes P, Poirier P, Allaire J, Dumesnil J, Turgeon J. Significant interaction between the nonprescription antihistamine diphenhydramine and the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol in healthy men with high or low CYP2D6 activity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2000; 67(5)466–477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoglund P, Nilsson LG. Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its metabolites after repeated multiple-dose treatments in healthy volunteers. Therapy and Drug Monitoring 1989; 11(5)543–550
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howgate EM, Rowland YK, Proctor NJ, Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Prediction of in vivo drug clearance from in vitro data. I: Impact of inter-individual variability. Xenobiotica 2006; 36(6)473–497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YC, Colaizzi JL, Bierman RH, Woestenborghs R, Heykants J. Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of ketoconazole in normal volunteers. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1986; 30(2)206–210
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito K, Brown HS, Houston JB. Database analyses for the prediction of in vivo drug–drug interactions from in vitro data. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2004; 57(4)473–486
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito K, Hallifax D, Obach RS, Houston JB. Impact of parallel pathways of drug elimination and multiple cytochrome P450 involvement on drug–drug interactions: CYP2D6 paradigm. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2005; 33(6)837–844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito K, Iwatsubo T, Kanamitsu S, Ueda K, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y. Prediction of pharmacokinetic alterations caused by drug–drug interactions: metabolic interaction in the liver. Pharmacology Reviews 1998; 50(3)387–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaehde U, Sorgel F, Naber KG, Zurcher J, Schunack W. Distribution kinetics of enoxacin and its metabolite oxoenoxacin in excretory fluids of healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1995; 39(9)2092–2097
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson TN, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Prediction of the clearance of eleven drugs and associated variability in neonates, infants and children. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2006; 45(9)931–956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalgutkar AS, Obach RS, Maurer TS. Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 enzymes: Chemical mechanisms, structure–activity relationships and relationship to clinical drug–drug interactions and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. Current Drug Metabolism 2007; 8(5)407–447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanamitsu S, Ito K, Sugiyama Y. Quantitative prediction of in vivo drug–drug interactions from in vitro data based on physiological pharmacokinetics: Use of maximum unbound concentration of inhibitor at the inlet to the liver. Pharmacology Research 2000; 17(3)336–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang BC, Yang CQ, Cho HK, Suh OK, Shin WG. Influence of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole in healthy volunteers. Biopharmacology and Drug Disposition 2002; 23(2)77–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantola T, Backman JT, Niemi M, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of fluconazole on plasma fluvastatin and pravastatin concentrations. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2000; 56(3)225–229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karam WG, Goldstein JA, Lasker JM, Ghanayem BI. Human CYP2C19 is a major omeprazole 5-hydroxylase, as demonstrated with recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1996; 24(10)1081–1087
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kharasch ED, Walker A, Hoffer C, Sheffels P. Sensitivity of intravenous and oral alfentanil and pupillary miosis as minimally invasive and noninvasive probes for hepatic and first-pass CYP3A activity. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2005; 45(10)1187–1197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirch W, Spahn H, Kohler H, Ohnhaus EE, Mutschler E. Interaction of metoprolol, propranolol and atenolol with concurrent administration of cimetidine. Klinische Wochenschrift 1982; 60(22)1401–1407
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konishi H, Morita K, Yamaji A. Effect of fluconazole on theophylline disposition in humans. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1994; 46(4)309–312
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kosoglou T, Salfi M, Lim JM, Batra VK, Cayen MN, Affrime MB. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of loratadine with concomitant administration of ketoconazole or cimetidine. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2000; 50(6)581–589
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kosuge K, Nishimoto M, Kimura M, Umemura K, Nakashima M, Ohashi K. Enhanced effect of triazolam with diltiazem. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1997; 43(4)367–372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnaiah YS, Satyanarayana S, Visweswaram D. Interaction between tolbutamide and ketoconazole in healthy subjects. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1994; 37(2)205–207
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laine K, De Bruyn S, Bjorklund H, Rouru J, Hanninen J, Scheinin H, Anttila M. Effect of the novel anxiolytic drug deramciclane on cytochrome P(450) 2D6 activity as measured by desipramine pharmacokinetics. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2004; 59(12)893–898
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lam YW, Alfaro CL, Ereshefsky L, Miller M. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of oral midazolam with ketoconazole, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and nefazodone. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2003; 43(11)1274–1282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar JD, Wilner KD. Drug interactions with fluconazole. Reviews in Infectious Diseases 1990; 12(Suppl. 3)S327–S333
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madani S, Barilla D, Cramer J, Wang Y, Paul C. Effect of terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of desipramine in healthy volunteers identified as cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) extensive metabolizers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2002; 42(11)1211–1218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madeira M, Levine M, Chang TK, Mirfazaelian A, Bellward GD. The effect of cimetidine on dextromethorphan O-demethylase activity of human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2D6. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2004; 32(4)460–467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen H, Enggaard TP, Hansen LL, Klitgaard NA, Brosen K. Fluvoxamine inhibits the CYP2C9 catalyzed biotransformation of tolbutamide. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2001; 69(1)41–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew BS, Jones DR, Hall SD. An in vitro model for predicting in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by metabolic intermediate complex formation. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2000; 28(9)1031–1037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutschler E, Spahn H, Kirch W. The interaction between H2-receptor antagonists and beta-adrenoceptor blockers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1984; 17(Suppl. 1)51S–57S
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakamura H, Sano H, Yamazaki M, Sugiyama Y. Carrier-mediated active transport of histamine H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine and nizatidine, into isolated rat hepatocytes: contribution of type I system. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy 1994; 269(3)1220–1227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naline E, Sanceaume M, Pays M, Advenier C. Application of theophylline metabolite assays to the exploration of liver microsome oxidative function in man. Fundamentals of Clinical Pharmacology 1988; 2(4)341–351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neal JM, Kunze KL, Levy RH, O’Reilly RA, Trager WF. Kiiv, an in vivo parameter for predicting the magnitude of a drug interaction arising from competitive enzyme inhibition. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2003; 31(8)1043–1048
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neuvonen PJ, Varhe A, Olkkola KT. The effect of ingestion time interval on the interaction between itraconazole and triazolam. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1996; 60(3)326–331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niki Y, Soejima R, Kawane H, Sumi M, Umeki S. New synthetic quinolone antibacterial agents and serum concentration of theophylline. Chest 1987; 92(4)663–669
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obach RS, Walsky RL, Venkatakrishnan K. Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and the prediction of drug–drug interactions. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2006a; 35: 246–255
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obach RS, Walsky RL, Venkatakrishnan K, Gaman EA, Houston JB, Tremaine LM. The utility of in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition data in the prediction of drug–drug interactions. Journal of Pharmacology Experimental Therapy 2006b; 316(1)336–348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtawa M, Masuda N, Akasaka I, Nakashima A, Ochiai K, Moriyasu M. Cellular uptake of fluvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-Coa reductase, by rat cultured hepatocytes and human aortic endothelial cells. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1999; 47: 383–389
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olkkola KT, Ahonen J, Neuvonen PJ. The effects of the systemic antimycotics, itraconazole and fluconazole, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous and oral midazolam. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1996; 82(3)511–516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olkkola KT, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ. Midazolam should be avoided in patients receiving the systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1994; 55(5)481–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olkkola KT, Isohanni MH, Hamunen K, Neuvonen PJ. The effect of erythromycin and fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2005; 100(5)1352–1356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Reilly RA. Comparative interaction of cimetidine and ranitidine with racemic warfarin in man. Archives of Internal Medicine 1984; 144(5)989–991
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otton SV, Wu D, Joffe RT, Cheung SW, Sellers EM. Inhibition by fluoxetine of cytochrome P450 2D6 activity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1993; 53(4)401–409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang KS, Rowland M. Hepatic clearance of drugs. I. Theoretical considerations of a ‘well-stirred’ model and a ‘parallel tube’ model. Influence of hepatic blood flow, plasma and blood cell binding, and the hepatocellular enzymatic activity on hepatic drug clearance. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmacology 1977; 5(6)625–653
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poirier JM, Cheymol G. Optimisation of itraconazole therapy using target drug concentrations. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1998; 35(6)461–473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preskorn SH, Alderman J, Chung M, Harrison W, Messig M, Harris S. Pharmacokinetics of desipramine coadministered with sertraline or fluoxetine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994; 14(2)90–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen BB, Jeppesen U, Gaist D, Brosen K. Griseofulvin and fluvoxamine interactions with the metabolism of theophylline. Therapy and Drug Monitoring 1997; 19(1)56–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues AD, Winchell GA, Dobrinska MR. Use of in vitro drug metabolism data to evaluate metabolic drug–drug interactions in man: The need for quantitative databases. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001; 41(4)368–373
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker G. ‘In silico’ simulations to assess the ‘in vivo’ consequences of ‘in vitro’ metabolic drug–drug interactions. Drug Discovery Today 2004; 1(4)441–448
   Google Scholar
• Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Simulation and prediction of in vivo drug metabolism in human populations from in vitro data. Nature Reviews in Drug Discovery 2007; 6(2)140–148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallee FR, Pollock BG. Clinical pharmacokinetics of imipramine and desipramine. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1990; 18(5)346–364
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sax MJ, Randolph WC, Peace KE, Chretien S, Frank WO, Braverman AJ, Gray DR, McCree LC, Wyle F, Jackson BJ, et al. Effect of two cimetidine regimens on prothrombin time and warfarin pharmacokinetics during long-term warfarin therapy. Clinical Pharmacology 1987; 6: 492–495
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmider J, Brockmoller J, Arold G, Bauer S, Roots I. Simultaneous assessment of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 activity in vivo with alprazolam and caffeine. Pharmacogenetics 1999; 9(6)725–734
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scripture CD, Pieper JA. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2001; 40(4)263–281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma A, Pibarot P, Pilote S, Dumesnil JG, Arsenault M, Belanger PM, Meibohm B, Hamelin BA. Modulation of metoprolol pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics by diphenhydramine coadministration during exercise testing in healthy premenopausal women. Journal of Pharmacology Experimental Therapy 2005; 313(3)1172–1181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiran MR, Proctor NJ, Howgate EM, Rowland-Yeo K, Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Prediction of metabolic drug clearance in humans: In vitro–in vivo extrapolation versus allometric scaling. Xenobiotica 2006; 36(7)567–580
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirmans SM, Pieper JA, Lalonde RL, Smith DG, Self TH. Effect of calcium channel blockers on theophylline disposition. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1988; 44(1)29–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Somogyi A, Gugler R. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cimetidine. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 1983; 8(6)463–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somogyi AA, Bochner F. The absorption and disposition of enoxacin in healthy subjects. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1988; 28(8)707–713
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spector R, Choudhury AK, Chiang CK, Goldberg MJ, Ghoneim MM. Diphenhydramine in Orientals and Caucasians. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1980; 28(2)229–234
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steiner E, Spina E. Differences in the inhibitory effect of cimetidine on desipramine metabolism between rapid and slow debrisoquin hydroxylators. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1987; 42(3)278–282
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tateishi T, Nakashima H, Shitou T, Kumagai Y, Ohashi K, Hosoda S, Ebihara A. Effect of diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1989; 36(1)67–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiseo PJ, Perdomo CA, Friedhoff LT. Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and cimetidine: Assessment of pharmacokinetic changes following single and multiple doses. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1998; 46(Suppl. 1)25–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trepanier EF, Nafziger AN, Amsden GW. Effect of terbinafine on theophylline pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1998; 42(3)695–697
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tse FL, Jaffe JM, Troendle A. Pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin after single and multiple doses in normal volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1992; 32(7)630–638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse FL, Nickerson DF, Yardley WS. Binding of fluvastatin to blood cells and plasma proteins. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1993; 82(9)942–947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsunoda SM, Velez RL, Von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ. Differentiation of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity with use of midazolam as an in vivo probe: effect of ketoconazole. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1999; 66(5)461–471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker GT. The rational selection of drug interaction studies: Implications of recent advances in drug metabolism. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy and Toxicology 1992; 30(11)550–553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tucker GT, Houston JB, Huang SM. Optimizing drug development: Strategies to assess drug metabolism/transporter interaction potential — towards a consensus. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001; 52(1)107–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Jackson PR. Determination of drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in vivo: Pharmacokinetic and statistical issues. Xenobiotica 1998; 28(12)1255–1273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turgeon J, Fiset C, Giguere R, Gilbert M, Moerike K, Rouleau JR, Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M, Grech-Belanger O, Belanger PM. Influence of debrisoquine phenotype and of quinidine on mexiletine disposition in man. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy 1991; 259(2)789–798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Draft guidance for industry: drug interaction studies — study design, data analysis, and implications for dosing and labeling 2006, September 2006
   Google Scholar
• Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. Oral triazolam is potentially hazardous to patients receiving systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1994; 56(6 Pt 1)601–607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. Diltiazem enhances the effects of triazolam by inhibiting its metabolism. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1996a; 59(4)369–375
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. Effect of fluconazole dose on the extent of fluconazole-triazolam interaction. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1996b; 42(4)465–470
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varhe A, Olkkola KT, Neuvonen PJ. Fluconazole, but not terbinafine, enhances the effects of triazolam by inhibiting its metabolism. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1996c; 41(4)319–323
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Venkatakrishnan K, Obach RS. In vitro–in vivo extrapolation of CYP2D6 inactivation by paroxetine: Prediction of nonstationary pharmacokinetics and drug interaction magnitude. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2005; 33(6)845–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veronese ME, Miners JO, Randles D, Gregov D, Birkett DJ. Validation of the tolbutamide metabolic ratio for population screening with use of sulfaphenazole to produce model phenotypic poor metabolizers. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1990; 47(3)403–411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Duan SX, Harrel LM, Cotreau-Bibbo MM, Pritchard GA, Wright CE, Shader RI. Triazolam biotransformation by human liver microsomes in vitro: Effects of metabolic inhibitors and clinical confirmation of a predicted interaction with ketoconazole. Journal of Pharmacology Experimental Therapy 1996; 276(2)370–379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vree TB, Beneken Kolmer EW, Hekster YA. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis and preliminary pharmacokinetics of sulfaphenazole and its N2-glucuronide and N4-acetyl metabolites in plasma and urine of man. Pharmacentisch Weekblad Scientific Edition 1990; 12(6)243–246
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang CY, Zhang ZJ, Li WB, Zhai YM, Cai ZJ, Weng YZ, Zhu RH, Zhao JP, Zhou HH. The differential effects of steady-state fluvoxamine on the pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and clozapine in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2004a; 44(7)785–792
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang YH, Jones DR, Hall SD. Prediction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by verapamil enantiomers and their metabolites. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2004b; 32(2)259–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijnands WJ, Vree TB, Van Herwaarden CL. The influence of quinolone derivatives on theophylline clearance. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1986; 22(6)677–683
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolf R, Eberl R, Dunky A, Mertz N, Chang T, Goulet JR, Latts J. The clinical pharmacokinetics and tolerance of enoxacin in healthy volunteers. Journal of Antimicrobogy and Chemotherapy 1984; 14(Suppl. C)63–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu CY, Benet LZ. Predicting drug disposition via application of BCS: Transport/absorption/elimination interplay and development of a biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system. Pharmacology Research 2005; 22(1)11–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Jamei M, Yeo KR, Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Kinetic values for mechanism-based enzyme inhibition: Assessing the bias introduced by the conventional experimental protocol. European Journal of Pharmacology Science 2005; 26(3–4)334–340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang J, Jamei M, Yeo KR, Tucker GT, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Theoretical assessment of a new experimental protocol for determining kinetic values describing mechanism (time)-based enzyme inhibition. European Journal of Pharmacology Science 2007; 31(3–4)232–241
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang JS, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Prediction of fluconazole interaction with midazolam and triazolam: Incorporating population variability. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001a; 52: 484P
   Google Scholar
• Yang JS, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Prediction of ketoconazole interaction with midazolam, alprazolam and triazolam: Incorporating population variability. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001b; 52: 472P–473P
   Google Scholar
• Yang JS, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Tucker GT. Prediction of ritonavir interaction with sildenafil (Viagra): Incorporating population variability. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001c; 53: 438P–439P
   Google Scholar
• Yao C, Kunze KL, Kharasch ED, Wang Y, Trager WF, Ragueneau I, Levy RH. Fluvoxamine–theophylline interaction: gap between in vitro and in vivo inhibition constants toward cytochrome P4501A2. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 2001; 70(5)415–424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao C, Kunze KL, Trager WF, Kharasch ED, Levy RH. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo inhibition potencies of fluvoxamine toward CYP2C19. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2003; 31(5)565–571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yao C, Levy RH. Inhibition-based metabolic drug–drug interactions: Predictions from in vitro data. Journal of Pharmacology Science 2002; 91(9)1923–1935
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yasui N, Kondo T, Otani K, Furukori H, Kaneko S, Ohkubo T, Nagasaki T, Sugawara K. Effect of itraconazole on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1998; 139(3)269–273
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yasui N, Otani K, Kaneko S, Ohkubo T, Osanai T, Sugawara K, Chiba K, Ishizaki T. A kinetic and dynamic study of oral alprazolam with and without erythromycin in humans: In vivo evidence for the involvement of CYP3A4 in alprazolam metabolism. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy 1996; 59(5)514–519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasui-Furukori N, Takahata T, Nakagami T, Yoshiya G, Inoue Y, Kaneko S, Tateishi T. Different inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine on omeprazole metabolism between CYP2C19 genotypes. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2004; 57(4)487–494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann T, Yeates RA, Laufen H, Scharpf F, Leitold M, Wildfeuer A. Influence of the antibiotics erythromycin and azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam. Arzneimittelforschung 1996; 46(2)213–237
   PubMedGoogle Scholar