Publication Cover
Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 23, 1993 - Issue 10
37
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Metabolism of piperidine-type phenothiazine antipsychotic agents. IV. Thioridazine in dog, man and rat

, , , &
Pages 1059-1074 | Received 05 Mar 1993, Published online: 22 Sep 2008

References

  • Axelsson R. On the serum concentrations and antipsychotic effects of thioridazine, thioridazine side-chain sulfoxide and thioridazine side-chain sulfone, in chronic psychotic patients. Current Therapeutic Research 1977; 21: 587–605
  • Eap C. B., Souche A., Koeb L., Baumann P. Light-induced racemization: artifacts in the analysis of the diastereoisomeric pairs of thioridazine 5-sulfoxide in the plasma and urine of patients treated with thioridazine. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 1991; 13: 356–362
  • Ganes D. A., Midha K. K. Sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantification of sulforidazine and two diastereomeric sulforidazine-5-sulfoxide metabolites in plasma. Journal of Chromatography 1987; 423: 227–237
  • Hale P. W., Jr., Poklis A. Thioridazine 5-sulfoxide diastereoisomers in serum and urine from rats and man after chronic thioridazine administration. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 1985; 9: 197–201
  • Jaworski T. J., Sardessai M. S., Aravagiri M., Lin G., Shi Y. Y., Hawes E. M., Hubbard J. W., Mc Kay G., Midha K. K. Synthesis of the N-oxides of phenothiazine antipsychotic agents. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1993; 82: 330–333
  • Jorgensen A. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic drugs. Progress in Drug Metabolism, J. W. Bridges, L. F. Chasseaud. Taylor & Francis, London 1986; Vol. 9: 111–174
  • Lin G., Hawes E. M., Mc Kay G., Cooper S., Korchinski E. D., Midha K. K. The metabolism of piperidine-type phenothiazine antipsychotic agents. II. Sulforidazine in dog and human. Xenobiotica 1993a; 23: 27–36
  • Lin G., Hawes E. M., Mc Kay G., Korchinski E. D., Midha K. K. The metabolism of piperidine-type phenothiazine antipsychotic agents. III. Mesoridazine in dog, human and rat. Xenobiotica 1993b; 23: 37–52
  • Lin G., Hawes E. M., Mc Kay G., Midha K. K. The metabolism of piperidine-type phenothiazine antipsychotic agents. I. Sulforidazine in the rat. Xenobiotica 1992; 22: 303–317
  • Lin G., Midha K. K., Hawes E. M. Synthesis of the piperidinone metabolites of piperidine type phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs via ruthenium tetroxide oxidation. Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 1991; 28: 215–219
  • MÅRtensson E., Nyberg G., Axelsson R. Quantitative determination of thioridazine and nonconjugated thioridazine metabolites in serum and urine of psychiatric patients. Current Therapeutic Research 1975; 18: 687–700
  • Meyer J. W., Woggon B., Baumann P., Meyer U. A. Clinical implications of slow sulphoxidation of thioridazine in a poor metabolizer of the debrisoquine type. European Journal of Ciinical Pharmacology 1990; 39: 613–614
  • Mitchell S. C. Phenothiazine antipsychotics. Sulfur-containing Drugs and Related Organic Compounds. Chemistry, Biochemistry and Toxicology, L. A. Damani. Wiley, New York 1989; Vol. 3: 19–52, Part A
  • Mohammad T., Midha K. K., Hawes E. M. Synthesis of deuterium labelled thioridazine via ruthenium tetroxide oxidation of the piperidine ring. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 1988; 25: 415–427
  • Mohammad T., Midha K. K., Hawes E. M. Synthesis of deuterium labelled analogues of S-oxidative metabolites of thioridazine. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 1989; 27: 181–188
  • Montzka T. A., Matiskella J. D., Partyka R. A. 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate: a general reagent for demethylation of tertiary methylamines. Tetrahedron Letters 1974; 1325–1327
  • Papadopoulos A. S., Crammer J. L. Sulphoxide metabolites of thioridazine in man. Xenobiotica 1986; 16: 1097–1107
  • Papadopoulos A. S., Crammer J. L., Cowan D. A. Phenolic metabolites of thioridazine in man. Xenobiotica 1985; 15: 309–316
  • Poklis A., Wells C. E., Juenge E. C. Thioridazine and its metabolites in post mortem blood, including two stereoisomeric ring sulfoxides. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 1982; 6: 250–252
  • Sakalis G., Traficante L. J., Gardos G., Gershon S. Treatment of drug-resistant schizophrenics with mesoridazine. Phenothiazines and Structurally Related Drugs: Basic and Clinical Studies, E. Usdin, H. Eckert, I. S. Forrest. Elsevier North Holland, New York 1980; 207–214
  • Von Bahr C, Movin G., Nordin C., LidÉN A., Hammarlund-Udenaes M., Hedberg A., Ring H., Sjöqvist F. Plasma levels of thioridazine and metabolites are influenced by the desbrisoquin hydroxylation phenotype. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1991; 49: 234–240
  • Watkins G. M., Whelpton R., Buckley D. G., Curry S. H. Chromatographic separation of thioridazine sulphoxide and N-oxide diastereoisomers: identification as metabolites in the rat. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1986; 38: 506–509
  • Zehnder K., Kalberer F., Kreis W., Rutschmann J. The metabolism of thioridazine (Mellaril®) and one of its pyrrolidine analogues in the rat. Biochemical Pharmacology 1962; 11: 535–550

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.