References
- Dole VP, Nyswander M. A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction: a clinical trial with methadone hydrochloride. JAMA 1965;193:80–84
- Dole VP, Nyswander ME. Rehabilitation of heroin addicts after blockade with methadone. N Y State J Med 1966;66:2011–2017
- Krantz M, Lewkowiez L, Hays H, Woodroffe MA, Robertson AD, Mehler PS. Torsade de pointes associated with very-high-dose methadone. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:501–504
- Cruciani RA. Methadone: to ECG or not to ECG...That is still the question. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008;36:545–552. [Epub 2008 Apr 28]
- Wedam EF, Bigelow GE, Johnson RE, Nuzzo PA, Haigney MC. QT-interval effects of methadone, levomethadyl, and buprenorphine in a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:2469–2475
- Latowsky M. Methadone death, dosage, and torsade de pointes: risk-benefit policy implications. J Psychoactive Drugs 2006;38:513–519
- Kornick CA, Kilborn MJ, Santiago-Palma J, Schulman G, Thaler HT, Keefe DL, Katchman AN, et al. QTc interval prolongation associated with intravenous methadone. Pain 2003;105:499–506. [PMID: 14527710]
- Maremmani I, Pacini M, Cesaroni C, Lovrecic M, Perugi G, Tagliamonte A. QTc interval prolongation in patients on long-term methadone maintenance therapy. Eur Addict Res 2005;11:44–49. [PMID: 15608471]
- Fanoe S, Hvidt C, Ege P, Jensen GB. Syncope and QT prolongation among patients treated with methadone for heroin dependence in the city of Copenhagen. Heart 2007;93:1051–1055. [PMID: 17344330]
- Cruciani RA, Sekine R, Homel P, Lussier D, Yap Y, Suzuki Y, Schweitzer P. Measurement of QTc in patients receiving chronic methadone therapy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2005;29:385–391. [PMID: 15857742]
- Martell BA, Arnsten JH, Krantz MJ, Gourevitch MN. Impact of methadone treatment on cardiac repolarization and conduction in opioid users. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:915–918. [PMID: 15781034]
- Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products. Points to Consider: The Assessment of the Potential for QT Interval Prolongation by Non-Cardiovascular Medicinal Products. vol. CPMP 986/96. London: The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; 1997
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry: E14 Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs. Rockville (MD): Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; 2005
- Bednar MM, Harrigan EP, Ruskin JN. Torsades de pointes associated with non antiarrhythmic drugs and observations on gender and QTc. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:1316–1319. [PMID: 12031739]
- Krantz MJ, Martin J, Stimmel B, Mehta D, Haigney MCP. QTc interval screening in methadone treatment. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:387–395
- Peles E, Bodner G, Kreek MJ, Rados V, Adelson M. Corrected-QT intervals as related to methadone dose and serum level in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients: a cross-sectional study. Addiction 2007;102:289–300. [PMID: 17222284]
- Krantz MJ, Kutinsky IB, Robertson AD, Mehler PS. Dose-related effects of methadone on QT prolongation in a series of patients with torsade de pointes. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:802–805. [PMID: 12820821]
- Krantz MJ, Lewkowiez L, Hays H, Woodroffe MA, Robertson AD, Mehler PS. Torsade de pointes associated with very-high-dose methadone. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:501–504
- Ehret GB, Voide C, Gex-Fabry M, Chabert J, Shah D, Broers B, Piguet V, et al. Drug-induced long QT syndrome in injection drug users receiving methadone: high frequency in hospitalized patients and risk factors. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1280–1287. [PMID: 16801510]
- Mayet S, Gossop M, Lintzeris N, Markides V, Strang J. Methadone maintenance, QTc and torsade de pointes: who needs an electrocardiogram and what is the prevalence of QTc prolongation? Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:388–396
- Krook AL, Waal H, Hansteen V. Routine ECG in methadone-assisted rehabilitation is wrong prioritization. [Norwegian]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004;124:2940–2941
- MEDSAFE. Cardiac vigilance recommended for methadone: New Zealand medicines and medical devices safety authority. Prescriber Update 2, 23–25. 2005. Ref Type: Generic
- DH. Drug misuse and dependence: UK guidelines on clinical management. London: Department of Health; 2007
- Fareed A, Vayalapalli S, Byrd Sellers J, Casarella J, Drexler K, Amar J, Cox J, Shaw-Lutchman T. Onsite QTc interval screening for patients in methadone maintenance treatment. J Addict Dis 2010;29:15–22
- Huh B, Park CH. Retrospective analysis of low-dose methadone and QTc prolongation in chronic pain patients. Korean J Anesthesiol 2010;58:338–343
- Katchman AN, McGroary KA, Kilborn MJ, Kornick CA, Manfredi PL, Woosley RL, Ebert SN. Influence of opioid agonists on cardiac human ether-a-go-go-related gene K+ currents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;303:688–694. [PMID: 12388652]
- Ferreira S, Crumb WJ Jr, Carlton CG, Clarkson CW. Effects of cocaine and its major metabolites on the HERG-encoded potassium channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;299:220–226. [PMID: 11561083]
- Selby JV, FitzSimmons SC, Newman JM, Katz PP, Sepe S, Showstack J. The natural history and epidemiology of diabetic nephropathy: implications for prevention and control. JAMA 1990;263:1954–1960
- Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetes Retinopathy III: prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch Opthalmol 1984;102:527–532
- Laditka SB, Mastanduno P, Laditka JN. Health care use of individuals with diabetes in an employer-based insurance population. Arch Int Med 2001;161:1301–1308
- Kakko J, Grönbladh L, Svanborg KD, von Wachenfeldt J, Rück C, Rawlings B, Nilsson LH, Heilig M. A stepped care strategy using buprenorphine and methadone versus conventional methadone maintenance in heroin dependence: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:797–803
- Stallvik M, Nordstrand B, Kristensen O, Bathen J, Skogvoll E, Spigset O. Corrected QT interval during treatment with methadone and buprenorphine -- relation to doses and serum concentrations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013;129:88--93
- Fareed A, Byrd-Sellers J, Vayalapalli S, Drexler K, Phillips LS. Predictors of diabetes mellitus and abnormal blood glucose in patients receiving opioid maintenance treatment. Am J Addict (in press). DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12043.x