References
- Metzger D. S., Woody G. E., McLellan A. T., et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in- and out-of-treatment: An 18-month prospective follow-up. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 1993; 6(9)1049–1056
- Watters J. K., Cheng Y. Towards comprehensive studies of HIV in intravenous drug users: Issues in treatment-based samples. Research Monograph 109: Longitudinal Studies of HIV Infection in Intravenous Drug Users, P. Hartsock, S. G. Genser. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1991
- Edlin B. R., Irwin K. L., Faruque S., et al. Intersecting epidemics-Crack cocaine use and HIV infection among inner-city young adults. N. Engl J. Med. 1994; 331(21)1422–1427
- Watters J. K., Estilo M. J., Krai A. H., et al. HIV infection among female injection drug users recruited in community settings. Sex. Transm. Dis. 1994; 21(6)321–328
- Booth R. E., Watters J. K., Chitwood D. D. HIV risk-related sex behaviors among injection drug users, crack smokers, and injection drug users who smoke crack. Am. J. Public Health 1993; 83(8)1144–1148
- Liebman J., Mulia N., McLlvaine D. Risk behavior for HIV infection of intravenous drug users and their sexual partners recruited from street settings in Philadelphia. J. Drug Issues 1992; 22(4)867–884
- Chirgwin K., DeHovitz J. A., Dillion S., et al. HIV infection, genital ulcer disease, and crack cocaine use among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Am. J. Public Health 1991; 81(12)1576–1579
- Deren S., Kotranski L., Beardsley M., et al. Crack users in East Harlem, NY and Philadelphia, PA: HIV-related risk behaviors and predictors of serostatus. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, in press
- Wolfe H., Vranizan K. M., Gorter R. G., et al. Crack use and Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection among San Francisco intravenous drug abusers. Sex. Trans. Dis. 1992; 19(2)111–114
- Vlahov D., Anthony J. C, Munoz A., . The ALIVE study, a longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug users: Description of methods and characteristics of participants. Research Monograph 109: Longitudinal Studies of HIV Infection in Intravenous Drug Users, P. Hartsock, S. G. Genser, et al. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1991
- Iguchi M. Y., Bux D. A., Lidz V., et al. Interpreting HIV seroprevalence data from a street-based outreach program. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retroviral. 1994; 7(5)491–499
- Siegal H. A., Carlson R. G., Falck R., et al. HIV infection and risk behaviors among intravenous drug users in low seroprevalence areas in the Midwest. Am. J. Public Health 1991; 81(12)1642–1644
- Zhuo Z., Williams M., Bell D., et al. An evaluation of drug injection behaviors and HIV infection. Int. J. Addict. 1994; 29(12)1499–1518
- Chiasson M. A., Stoneburner R. L., Hildebrandt D. S., et al. Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 associated with the use of smokable frcebase cocaine (crack). AIDS 1991; 5(9)1121–1126
- Brunswick A. F., Aidala A., Dobkin J., et al. HIV-1 seroprevalence and risk behaviors in an urban African-American community cohort. Am. J. Public Health 1993; 83(10)1390–1394
- Tortu S., McCoy H. V., Beardsley M., et al. Predictors of serostatus in women drug users. Presented at the National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institutes on Health Conference on AIDS and Drug Abuse in Scottsdale. Arizona June, 1995
- Liebman J., Thomas C. Development of a sampling strategy to monitor trends in HIV risk behavior in out-of-treatment drug users. Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the Community Epidemiology Work Group. Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Rockville, MD 1992, (DHHS Publication No. ADM 92-1958) (Compilation by Johnson, Bassin and Shaw, Inc.)
- Watters J., Biernacki P. Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations. Soc. Prob. 1989; 36: 416–430
- National Institute on Drug Abuse. Risk Behavior Assessment Questionnaire. Community Research Branch, Rockville, MD 1991
- Handbook of Risk on AIDS, B. S. Brown, G. M. Beschner. Greenwood Press, West-port, CT 1993
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 1995; 7(1)8–10