146
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Gynaecology

Cardiovascular risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome

, , , &
Pages 387-392 | Published online: 12 May 2010

References

  • Austin MA, Breslaw JL, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WC, Krauss RM. 1998. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. Journal of the American Medical Association 260:1917–1921.
  • Campos SP, Baumann H. 1992. Insulin is a prominent modulator of the cytokine-stimulated expression of acute-phase plasma protein genes. Molecular and Cellular Biology 12:1789–1797.
  • Conway GS, Agrawal R, Betteridge DJ, Jacobs HS. 1992. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in lean and obese PCOS. Clinical Endocrinology 37:119–125.
  • Cussons AJ, Stuckey BG, Watts GF. 2006. Cardiovascular disease in the polycystic ovary syndrome: new insights and perspectives. Atherosclerosis 185:227–239.
  • Dalton M, Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE, Jolley D, Dunstan DW, et al 2003. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults. Journal of Internal Medicine 254:555–563.
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou AG, Kandarakis SA, Chrousos GP. 2007. Pathophysiology and types of dyslipidemia in PCOS. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 18:280–285.
  • Ducluzeau PH, Cousin P, Malvoisin E, Bornet H, Vidal H, Laville M, et al 2003. Glucose-to-insulin ratio rather than sex hormone binding globulin and adiponectin levels best predictor of insulin resistance in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88:3626–3631.
  • Dunaif A. 1997. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocrine Reviews 18:774–800.
  • Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Cavaghan MK, Imperial J. 1999. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care 22:141–146.
  • El-Khairy L, Ueland PM, Nygard O, Refsum H, Vollset SE. 1999. Lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors as determinants of total cysteine in plasma: the Hordaland Homocysteine study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70:1016–1024.
  • Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. 2000. Diabetes Care 23(Suppl. 1):4–19.
  • Fenkci V, Fenkci S, Yılmazer M, Serteser M. 2003. Decreased total antioxidant status and increased oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Fertility and Sterility 80:123–127.
  • Festa A, D'Agostino R, Howard G, Mykkanen L, Tracy R, Haffner S. 2000. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of insulin resistance syndrome: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS). Circulation 102:42–47.
  • Godon T, Kannel WB. 1982. Multiple risk functions for predicting coronary heart disease: the concept, accuracy, and application. American Heart Journal 103:1031–1039.
  • Goodarzi MO, Azziz R. 2006. Diagnosis, epidemiology, and genetics of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 20:193–205.
  • Guzelmeric K, Alkan N, Pirimoglu M, Unal O, Turan C. 2007. Chronic inflammation and elevated homocysteine levels are associated with increased body mass index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological Endocrinology 23:505–510.
  • Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW. 1999. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Lancet 354:407–413.
  • Homocysteine Studies Collaboration. 2002. Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 288:2023–2031.
  • Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. 2002. Body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk: Evidence in support of current National Institutes of Health guidelines. Archives of Internal Medicine 162:2074–2079.
  • Kelly CC, Lyall H, Petrie JR, Gould GW, Connell JM, Sattar N. 2001. Low grade chronic inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86:2453–2455.
  • Legro RS, Finegood D, Dunaif A. 1998. A fasting glucose to insulin ratio is a useful measure of insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83:2694–2698.
  • Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. 2001. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. American Journal of Medicine 111:607–613.
  • Lentz SR. 1997. Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction. Life Sciences 61:1205–1215.
  • McGovern PG, Pankow JS, Shahar E, Doliszny KM, Folsom AR, Blackburn H, et al 1996. Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease: mortality, morbidity, medical care, and risk factors. New England Journal of Medicine 334:884–890.
  • Moran L, Teede H. 2009. Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction Uptake 15:477–488.
  • Nasjek M, Kos-Kudla B, Ostrowska Z, Marek B, Kudla M, Siemi'nka L, et al 2007. Acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Pathophysiology 14:23–28.
  • Puerpoint T, McKeigue P, Isaacs A, Wild S, Jacobs H. 1998. Mortality of women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long term follow-up. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 51:581–586.
  • Randeva HS, Lewandowski KC, Drzewoski J, Brooke-Wavell K, O'Callaghan C, Czupryniak L, et al 2002. Exercise decreases plasma total homocysteine in overweight young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87:4496–4501.
  • Rizzo M, Berneis K, Spinas G, Rini GB, Carmina E. 2009. Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome on cardiovascular risk. Fertility and Sterility 91:1563–1567.
  • Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. 2004. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reproduction 19:41–47.
  • Salehi M, Bravo-Vera R, Sheikh A, Gouller A, Poretsky L. 2004. Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: what is the role of obesity? Metabolism 53:358–376.
  • Schachter M, Raziel A, Friedler S, Strassburger D, Bern O, Ron-El R. 2003. Insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine. Human Reproduction 18:721–727.
  • Schnyder G, Roffi M, Pin R, Flammer Y, Lange H, Eberli FR, et al 2001. Decreased rat of coronary restenosis after lowering of plasma homocysteine levels. New England Journal of Medicine 345:1593–1600.
  • Sharma ST, Nestler JE. 2006. Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS: Treatment with insulin sensitizers. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology 20:245–250.
  • Stamler JS, Slivka A. 1996. Biological chemistry of thiols in the vasculature and in vascular related disease. Nutrition Reviews 54:1–30.
  • Talbott E, Guzick D, Clerici A, Berga S, Detre K, Weimer K, et al 1995. Coronary heart disease risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 15:821–826.
  • Tsilchorozidou T, Overton C, Conway GS. 2004. The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinical Endocrinology 60:1–17.
  • Turkey's Statistical Yearbook. 2005. [Türkiye İstatistik Yıllığı]. Turkey: State Institute of Statistics.
  • Westerveld HE, Hoogendoorn M, de Jong AWF, Goverde AJ, Fauser BCJM, Dallinga-Thie GM, et al 2008. Cardiometabolic abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome: Pharmacotherapeutic insights. Pharmacology Therapeutics 119:223–241.
  • Wild RA. 2002. Long-term health consequence of PCOS. Human Reproduction Uptake 8:231–241.
  • Yarali H, Yıldır A, Aybar F, Kabaci G, Bukulmez O, Tokgozoglu L, et al 2001. Diastolic dysfunction and increased serum homocysteine concentrations may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 76:511–516.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.