Nonpharmacological Interventions to use with Children in Pain

References

• Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Acute pain management in infants, children, and adolescents. U.S. Health Service, Washington, DC 1992
   Google Scholar
• Anand K., Hickey P. R. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. New England Journal of Medicine 1987; 317: 1321–1329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr R. G., Young S. N., Wright J. H., Cassidy K., Hendricks L., Bedard Y., Yaremko J., Ledac D., Treherne S. Sucrose analgesia and diptheria-tetanus-pertussis immunizations at 2 and 4 months. Journal of Development and Behavioral Pediatrics 1995; 16: 220–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauchner H. Procedures, pain, and parents. Pediatrics 1991; 87: 563–565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berde C. B., Warfield C. A. Pediatric pain management. Hospital Practice 1988; 89: 93–94, 23, 83–84
   Google Scholar
• Beyer J. E., Aradine C. R. Content validity of an instrument to measure young children's perceptions of the intensity of their pain. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 1986; 1: 386–395
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beyer J. E., Aradine C. R. Patterns of pediatric pain intensity: A methodological investigation of a self-report scale. Clinical Journal of Pain 1987; 3: 130–141
   Google Scholar
• Beyer J. E., Byers M. L. Knowledge of pediatric pain: The state of the art. Children's Health Care 1985; 13: 150–159
   Google Scholar
• Beyer J. E., Levin C. R. Issues and advances in pain control in children. Nursing Clinics of North America 1987; 22: 661–676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer J. E., Wells N. The assessment of pain in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1989; 36: 837–854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broome M. E. The child in pain: A model for assessment and intervention. Critical Care Quarterly 1985; 8: 47–55
   Google Scholar
• Broome M. E. Preparation of children for painful procedures. Pediatric Nursing 1990; 16: 537–541
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Broome M. E. Measurement of behavioral response to pain. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 1991; 8: 180–182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Broome M. E., Endsley R. C. Maternal presence, childrearing practices, and children's response to an injection. Research in Nursing & Health 1989; 12: 229–235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broome M. E., Lillis P. P. A descriptive analysis of the pediatric pain management research. Applied Nursing Research 1989; 2: 74–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Broome M. E., Lillis P. P., Smith M. C. Pain interventions with children: A meta-analysis of research. Nursing Research 1989; 38: 154–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush J. P. Pain in children: A review of the literature from a developmental perspective. Psychology and Health 1987; 1: 215–236
   Google Scholar
• Campos R. G. Soothing pain-elicited distress in infants with swaddling and pacifiers. Child Development 1989; 60: 781–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos R. G. From research to application: Relieving infant pain with comforting techniques. SCRD Newsletter Fall, 3–11, 1993
   Google Scholar
• Campos R. G. Rocking and pacifiers: Two comforting interventions for heelstick pain. Research in Nursing & Health 1994; 17: 321–331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson K. L., Vessey J. A. Development of a taxonomy of nonpharmacologic pediatric pain management techniques 1994, Unpublished manuscript
   Google Scholar
• Eland J. M., Anderson J. E. The experience of pain in children. Pain: A source book for nurses and other health professionals, A. Jacox. Little, Brown., Boston 1977; 453–473
   Google Scholar
• Elliott C. H., Olson R. A. The management of children's distress in response to painful medical treatment for burn injuries. Behavioral Research Therapy 1983; 21: 675–683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson C. J. Applications of cyberphysiologic techniques in pain management. Pediatric Annals 1991; 20: 145–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favaloro R. Adolescent development and implications for pain management. Pediatric Nursing 1988; 14: 27–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fernandez E. A classification system of cognitive coping strategies for pain. Pain 1986; 26: 141–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field T., Goldson E. Pacifying effects of nonnutritive sucking on term and preterm neonates during heelstick procedures. Pediatrics 1984; 74: 1012–1015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franck L. S. The influence of sociopolitical, scientific, and technologic forces on the study and treatment of neonatal pain. Advances in Nursing Science 1992; 15: 11–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hester N. O. Pain in children. Annual Review of Nursing Research 1993; 11: 105–142
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hester N. O., Jacox A., Miaskowski C, Ferrell B. The management of pain in infants, children, and adolescents undergoing operative and medical procedures. MCN 1992; 17: 146–152
   Google Scholar
• Holve R. L., Bromberger P. J., Groveman H. D., Klauber M. R., Dixon S. D., Snyder J. M. Regional anesthesia during newborn circumcision: Effect on infant pain response. Clinical Pediatrics 1983; 22: 813–818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey G. B., Boon C. M., Chiquit van Linden van den Heuvell G. F. E., Van de Wiel H. B. The occurrence of high levels of acute behavioral distress in children and adolescents undergoing routine venipunctures. Pediatrics 1992; 1): 87–91; 90, 1 Pt
   Google Scholar
• Hurley A., Whelan E. G. Cognitive development and children's perception of pain. Pediatric Nursing 1988; 14: 21–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jay S. M, Elliott C. H., Ozolins M., Olson R. A., Pruitt S. D. Behavioral management of children's distress during painful medical procedures. Behavioral Research Therapy 1985; 23: 513–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jay S. M., Elliott C. H., Katz E., Siegel S. E. Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for children's distress during painful medical procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1987; 55: 860–865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrett M. D. Children and their pain experience. Children's Health Care 1985; 14: 83–89
   Google Scholar
• Jerrett M. D., Evans K. Children's pain vocabulary. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1986; 11: 403–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz E. R., Kellerman J., Ellenberg L. Hypnosis in the reduction of acute pain and distress in children with cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1987; 12: 379–394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe F. J. Behavioral assessment and treatment of chronic pain: Current status and future direction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1982; 50: 896–911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefe F. J., Bradley L. A. Behavioral and psychological approaches to the assessment and treatment of chronic pain. General Hospital Psychiatry 1984; 6: 49–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp A. Cognitive development and the pain experience. Emphasis Nursing 1989; 3: 59–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohen D. P., Olness K. N., Colwell S. O., Heimel A. The use of relaxation-mental imagery (self-hypnosis) in the management of 505 pediatric behavioral encounters. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 1984; 5: 21–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuttner L., Bowman M., Teasdale M. Psychological treatment of distress, pain, and anxiety for young children with cancer. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 1988; 9: 374–381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labbe E. L., Williamson D. A. Temperature biofeedback in the treatment of children with migraine headaches. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1983; 8: 317–326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Labbe E. L., Williamson D. A. Treatment of childhood migraine using autogenic feedback training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1984; 52: 968–976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lascelles M. A., Cunningham S. J., McGrath P., Sullivan M. J. Teaching coping strategies to adolescents with migraine. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1989; 4: 135–145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lutz W. J. Helping hospitalized children and their parents cope with painful procedures. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 1, lA-ll. 1986
   Google Scholar
• Masek B. J., Russo D. C, Varni J. W. Behavioral approaches to the management of chronic pain in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1984; 31: 1113– 1131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath P. A. Pain in children. Guilford Press, New York 1990
   Google Scholar
• McGrath P. A. Inducing pain in children–A controversial issue [editorial]. Pain 1993; 52: 255–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath P. J., Craig K. D. Developmental and psychological factors in children's pain. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1989; 36: 823–836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath P. J., Beyer J., Cleeland C, Eland J., McGrath P. A., Portenoy R. Report of the subcommittee on assessment and methodologic issues in the management of pain in childhood cancer. Pediatrics 1990; 85: 814–817
   Google Scholar
• McGrath P. J., Johnson G., Goodman J. T., Schillinger J., Dunn J., Chapman J.-A. CHEOPS: A behavioral scale for rating postoperative pain in children. Advances in pain research and therapy, H. L. Fields, R. Dubner, F. Cervero. Raven Press., New York 1985; Vol. 9: 395–402
   Google Scholar
• Rape R. N., Bush J. P. Psychological preparation for pediatric oncology patients undergoing painful procedures: A methodological critique of the research. Children's Health Care 1994; 23: 51–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts M. C, Maieron M. J., Collier J. Directory of hospital psychosocial policies and programs. Association for the Care of the Children's Health, Washington, DC 1988
   Google Scholar
• Savedra M. C, Tesler M. D., Holzemer W. L., Wilkie D. J., Ward J. A. Pain location: Validity and reliability of body outline markings by hospitalized children and adolescents. Research in Nursing & Health 1989; 12: 307–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savedra M., Gibbons P., Tesler M., Ward J., Wegner C. How do children describe pain? A tentative assessment. Pain 1982; 14: 95–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schechter N. L., Berde C. B., Yaster M. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents: An overview. Pain in infants, children, and adolescents, N. L. Schechter, C. B. Berde, M. Yaster. Williams and Wilkins., Baltimore 1993; 3–9
   Google Scholar
• Slifer K. J., Babbitt R. L., Cataldo M. D. Simulation and countercondition-ing as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy for invasive pediatric procedures. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 1995; 16: 133–141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens B., Hunsberger M., Browne G. Pain in children: Theoretical, research, and practice dilemmas. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 1987; 2: 154–166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tesler M. D., Savedra M. C, Holzemer W. L., Wilkie D. J., Ward J. A., Paul S. M. The word-graphic rating scale as a measure of children's and adolescents' pain intensity. Research in Nursing & Health 1991; 14: 361–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson R. H. Psychosocial research of pediatric hospitalization and health care. A review of the literature. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL 1986
   Google Scholar
• Thompson K. L., Varni J. W. A developmental cognitive-behavioral approach to pediatric pain assessment. Pain 1986; 25: 283–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valente S. M. Using hypnosis with children for pain management. Oncology Nursing Forum 1991; 18: 699–704
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Cleve L. J., Savedra M. C. Pain location: Validity and reliability of body outline markings by 4- to 7-year-old children who are hospitalized. Pediatric Nursing 1993; 19: 217–220
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vessey J. A., Carlson K. L. A meta-analysis of the research on psychological preparation for hospitalization. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society of Pediatric Nurses, San Francisco, CA, April, 1993
   Google Scholar
• Vessey J. A., Carlson K. L., McGill J. Use of distraction with children during an acute pain experience. Nursing Research 1994; 43: 369–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong D., Baker C. Pain in children's comparison of assessment scales. Pediatric Nursing 1988; 14: 9–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilkie D. J., Holzemer W. L., Tesler M. D., Ward J. A., Paul S. M, Savedra M. C. Measuring pain quality: Validity and reliability of children's and adolescents' pain language. Pain 1990; 41: 151–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar