Cotrimoxazole and neonatal kernicterus: a review

References

• Agweyu A, Opiyo N, English M. (2012). Experience developing national evidence-based clinical guidelines for childhood pneumonia in a low-income setting—making the GRADE? BMC Pediatr 12:1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al Awad E, Obaid H, Mohammad K, et al. (2012). Staphylococcus aureus sepsis inducing severe hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient preterm infant causing severe neonatal jaundice and kernicterus. J Neonat Perinat Med 4:373–377
   Google Scholar
• Al Otaibi SF, Blaser S, MacGregor DL. (2005). Neurological complications of kernicterus. Can J Neurol Sci 32:311–315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen DH, Blanc WA, Crozier DN, Silverman WA. (1956). A difference in mortality rate and incidence of kernicterus among premature infants allotted to two prophylactic antibacterial regimens. Pediatrics 18:614–625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awasthi S, Agarwal G, Singh JV, et al. (2008). Effectiveness of 3-day amoxycillin vs. 5-day co-trimoxazole in the treatment of non-severe pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months of age: a multi-centric open labeled trial. J Trop Pediatr 54:382–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang AT, Bang RA, Baitule SB, et al. (1999). Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India. Lancet 354:1955–1961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang AT, Bang RA, Morankar VP, et al. (1993). Pneumonia in neonates: can it be managed in the community? Arch Dis Child 68:550–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang AT, Bang RA, Tale O, et al. (1990). Reduction in pneumonia mortality and total childhood mortality by means of community-based intervention trial in Gadchiroli, India. Lancet 336:201–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang AT, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, et al. (2005). Neonatal and infant mortality in the ten years (1993 to 2003) of the Gadchiroli field trial: effect of home-based neonatal care. J Perinatol 5(Suppl 1):S92–107
   Google Scholar
• Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Jeffrey Maisels M, et al. (2004). Kernicterus: epidemiological strategies for its prevention through systems-based approaches. J Perinatol 24:650–662
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhutta ZA, Zaidi AK, Thaver D, et al. (2009). Management of newborn infections in primary care settings: a review of the evidence and implications for policy? Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:S22–S30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanc WA, Johnson L. (1959). Studies on kernicterus; relationship with sulfonamide intoxication, report on kernicterus in rats with glucuronyl transferase deficiency and review of pathogenesis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 18:165–187; discussion 187–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block JM, Walstad RA, Bjertnaes A, et al. (1987). Ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in acute cystitis. Drugs 34:100–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brent RL. (2004). Utilization of juvenile animal studies to determine the human effects and risks of environmental toxicants during postnatal developmental stages. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 71:303–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushby SR. (1975). Synergy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Can Med Assoc J 112:63–66
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crabbe F, Vuylsteke B, De Clerck M, Laga M. (2000). Cost-effectiveness of management strategies for acute urethritis in the developing world. Trop Med Int Health 5:640–647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosse VM, Meyer TC, Gerrard JW. (1955). Kernicterus and prematurity. Arch Dis Child 30:501–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darmstadt GL, Saha SK, Choi Y, et al. (2009). Population-based incidence and etiology of community-acquired neonatal bacteremia in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: an observational study. J Infect Dis 200:906–915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke T. (2005). Neonatal pneumonia in developing countries. Archives of disease in childhood. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 90:F211–F219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falagas ME, Grammatikos AP, Michalopoulos A. (2008). Potential of old-generation antibiotics to address current need for new antibiotics. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 6:593–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forna F, McConnell M, Kitabire FN, et al. (2006). Systematic review of the safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis in HIV-infected pregnant women: implications for resource-limited settings. AIDS Rev 8:24–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox CL, Ottenberg R. (1941). Acute hemolytic anemia from the sulfonamides. J Clin Invest 20:593–602
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gever LN. (1980). Two antibiotics in one. Nursing 10:49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman A, eds. (1980a). Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1730
   Google Scholar
• Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman A, eds. (1980b). Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1117
   Google Scholar
• Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Gilman A, eds. (1980c). Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1116
   Google Scholar
• Gimnig JE, MacArthur JR, M'bang'ombe M, et al. (2006). Severe cutaneous reactions to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Blantyre District, Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:738–743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn CK. (1938). Hereditary acholuric jaundice: in a new mutant strain of rats. J Hered 29:137
   Google Scholar
• Gutman LT. (1984). The use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in children: a review of adverse reactions and indications. Pediatr Infect Dis 3:349–357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harvey RJ. (1982). Synergism in the folate pathway. Rev Infect Dis 4:255–260
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hitchings GH. (1973). Mechanism of action of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. I. J Infect Dis 128:433–436
   Google Scholar
• Hitchings GH. (1982). A biochemical approach to chemotherapy. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 16:843–848
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho JM, Juurlink DN. (2011). Considerations when prescribing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. CMAJ 183:1851–1858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard JB, Howard JE Sr. (1978). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs sulfamethoxazole for acute urinary tract infections in children. Am J Dis Child 132:1085–1087
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson L, Sarmiento F, Blanc WA, Day R. (1959). Kernicterus in rats with an inherited deficiency of glucuronyl transferase. AMA J Dis Child 97:591–608
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karpman E, Kurzrock EA. (2004). Adverse reactions of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in children. J Urol 172:448–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanal S, Sharma J, Gc VS, et al. (2011). Community health workers can identify and manage possible infections in neonates and young infants: MINI—a model from Nepal. J Health Popul Nutr 29:255–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korejo, HB, Bhurgri GR, Bhand S, et al. (2010). Risk factors for kernicterus in neonatal jaundice. Gomal J Med Sci 8:12–15
   Google Scholar
• Ladhani S, Garbash M. (2005). Staphylococcal skin infections in children: rational drug therapy recommendations. Paediatr Drugs 7:77–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewin EB, Klein JO, Finland M. (1973). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: absorption, excretion, and toxicity in six children. J Infect Dis 128:S618–S621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maisels JM. (2006). Neonatal jaundice. Pediatr Rev 27:443–454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew JL, Patwari AK, Gupta P, et al. (2011). Acute respiratory infection and pneumonia in India: a systematic review of literature for advocacy and action: UNICEF-PHFI series on newborn and child health, India. Indian Pediatr 48:191–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavalankar DV, Raman P. (2006). ANKUR Project: a case study of replication of home based newborn care. Case Study. Center for Management of Health Services (pre-publication results). Ahmedabad, India: Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad
   Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Grady F. (1975). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: a reappraisal. Can Med Assoc J 112:5–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Odell GB. (1959). Studies in kernicterus. I. The protein binding of bilirubin. J Clin Invest 38:823–833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogra PL, Faden HS. (1985). Urinary tract infections in childhood: an update. J Pediatr 106:1023–1029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paap CM, Nahata MC. (1990). Clinical pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in neonates. Clin Pharmacokinet 19:280–318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey MR, Daulaire NM, Starbuck ES, et al. (1991). Reduction in total under-five mortality in western Nepal through community-based antimicrobial treatment of pneumonia. Lancet 338:993–997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman MA, Gartner LM, Lee K, et al. (1980). The association of kernicterus with bacterial infection in the newborn. Pediatrics 65:26–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters PJ, Thigpen MC, Parise ME, Newman RD. (2007). Safety and toxicity of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine: implications for malaria prevention in pregnancy using intermittent preventive treatment. Drug Saf 30:481–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qazi S. (2002). Clinical efficacy of co-trimoxazole versus amoxicillin twice daily for treatment of pneumonia: a randomised controlled clinical trial in Pakistan. Arch Dis Child 86:113–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rollo IM. (1970). Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as antimicrobial agents and their potentiation by sulfonamides. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1:565–583
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan M, Griffin S, Chitah B, et al. (2008). The cost-effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected children in Zambia. AIDS 22:749–757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salter AJ. (1982). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in treatment of severe infections. Rev Infect Dis 4:338–350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schopf E. (1987). Skin reactions to co-trimoxazole. Infection 15:S254–S258
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz DE, Ziegler WH. (1969). Assay and pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim in man and animals. Postgrad Med J 45:32–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shambaugh GE. (1966). History of sulfonamides. Arch Otolaryn 83:27
   Google Scholar
• Siegel SE, Wolff LJ, Baehner RL, Hammond D. (1984). Treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. A comparative trial of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim v pentamidine in pediatric patients with cancer: report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. Am J Dis Child 138:1051–1054
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverman WA. (1959). The status of 2-year-old children who had received sulfisoxazole in the neonatal period after premature birth. J Pediatr 54:741–747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smilack JD. (1999). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Mayo Clinic Proc 74:730–734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Springer C, Eyal F, Michel J. (1982). Pharmacology of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in newborn infants. J Pediatr 100:647–650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suthar AB, Granich R, Mermin J, Van Rie A. (2012). Effect of cotrimoxazole on mortality in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Org 90:128C–138C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaver D, Ali SA, Zaidi AK. (2009). Antimicrobial resistance among neonatal pathogens in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:S19–S21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuttle AH. (1955). Serum pigment studies in newborn infants. I. Erythroblastosis fetalis. AMA Am J Dis Child 89:544–552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uhari M, Nuutinen M, Turtinen J. (1996). Adverse reactions in children during long-term antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 15:404–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velvis H, Carrasco N, Hetherington S. (1986). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy of neonatal Proteus mirabilis meningitis unresponsive to cefotaxime. Pediatr Infect Dis 5:591–593
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wadsworth SJ, Suh B. (1988). In vitro displacement of bilirubin by antibiotics and 2-hydroxybenzoylglycine in newborns. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1571–1575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter J, Mwiya M, Scott N, et al. (2006). Reduction in preterm delivery and neonatal mortality after the introduction of antenatal cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV-infected women with low CD4 cell counts. J Infect Dis 194:1510–1518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanat KA, Anadkat MJ, Klekotka PA. (2009). Seasonal variation of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. J Am Acad Dermatol 60:589–594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2002). Explore simplified antimicrobial regimens for the treatment of neonatal sepsis. Meeting report of the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization
   Google Scholar
• Zaid RB, Nargis M, Neelotpol S, et al. (2004). Acetylation phenotype status in a Bangladeshi population and its comparison with that of other Asian population data. Biopharm Drug Dispos 25:237–241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuelzer WW, Mudgett RT. (1950). Kernicterus: etiologic study based on an analysis of 55 cases. Pediatrics 6:452–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar