The complexity of labor pain: experiences of 278 women

References

• Melzack R, Taenzer P, Feldman P, Kinch R. Labour is still painful after prepared childbirth training. Can Med Assoc J 1981; 125: 357–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melzack R, Kinch R, Dobkin P, Lebrun M, Taenzer P. Severity of labour pain: influence of physical as well as psychological variables. Can Med Assoc J 1984; 130: 579–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe N, Roberts J. The convergence between in‐labor report and postpartum recall of parturition pain. Res Nurs Health 1988; 11: 11–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe N K. Differences in first and second stage labor pain between nulliparous and multiparous women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 13: 243–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettelbladt P, Fagerström C F, Uddenberg N. The significance of reported childbirth pain. J Psychosom Res 1976; 20: 215–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport‐Slack B, Hamblin Boylan C. Psychological correlates of childbirth pain. Psychosomatic medicine 1974; 36: 215–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldenström U, Nilsson C A. Experience of childbirth in birth centre care. A randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 73: 547–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bundsen P, Peterson L E, Selstam U. Pain relief during delivery. An evaluation of conventional methods. Acta Obstet Scand 1982; 61: 289–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranta P, Spalding M, Kangas‐Saarela T, Jokela R, Hollmén A, Jouppila P, Jouppila R. Maternal expectations and experiences of labour pain ‐ options of 1091 Finnish parturients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39: 60–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan B, Bulpitt C J, Clifton P, Lewis P J. Effectiveness of pain relief in labour: survey of 1000 mothers. Br Med J 1982; 285: 689–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senden I PM, Wetering M D, Eskes T KAB, Bierkens P B, Laube D W, Pitkin R M. Labor pain: a comparison of parturients in a Dutch and an American teaching hospital. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71: 541–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paech M J. The King Edward Memorial Hospital 1000 mother survey of methods of pain relief in labour. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 1991; 19: 393–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green J. Expectations and experiences of pain in labour: findings from a large prospective study. Birth 1993; 20: 65–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner Norvell K, Gaston‐Johansson F, Fridh G. Remembrance of labor pain: how valid are retrospective pain measurements?. Pain 1987; 31: 77–86
   Google Scholar
• Silber M, Almkvist O, Larsson B, Uvnäs‐Moberg K. Temporary peripartal impairment in memory and attention and its possible relation to oxytocin concentration. Life Sci 1990; 47: 57–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso S, Agnello C, Campo M G, Nicoletti F. Oxytocin reduces the activity of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors in cultured neurons. J Endocrinol Invest 1993; 16: 921–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niven C, Gijsbers K. A study of labour pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Soc Sci Med 1984; 19: 1347–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson J O, Rosen M, Evans J M, Revill S I, David H, Rees G AD. Maternal opinion about analgesia for labor. A controlled trial between epidural block and intramuscular pethidine combined with inhalation. Anaesthesia 1980; 35: 1173–81
   Google Scholar
• Bennett A. The birth of a first child: do women's reports change over time?. Birth 1985; 12: 153–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simkin P. Just another day in a woman's life? Part II: nature and consistency of women's long‐term memories of their first birth experiences. Birth 1992; 19: 64–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erskine A, Morley S, Pearce S. Memory of pain: a review. Pain 1990; 41: 255–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaston‐Johansson F, Frids G, Turner‐Norvell K. Progression of labour pain in primiparas and multiparas. Nurs Res 1988; 37: 86–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norr K, Block C, Charles A, Meyering S, Meyers E. Explaining pain and enjoyment in childbirth. J Health Soc Behav 1977; 18: 260–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reading A, Cox D. Psychosocial predictors of labor pain. Pain 1985; 22: 309–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind B, Hoel T M. Alleviation of labor pain in Norway. An interview investigation in 1969 and 1986. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1989; 68: 125–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan B, Bulpitt C, Clifton P, Lewis P. Analgesia and satisfaction in childbirth (The Queen Charlotte's 1000 mother survey). Lancet October, 1982; 808–10
   Google Scholar
• Fridh G, Kopare T, Gaston‐Johansson F, Turner Norvell K. Factors associated with more intense labor pain. Res Nurs Health 1988; 11: 117–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown S, Campbell D, Kurtz A. Characteristics of labor pain at two stages of cervical dilation. Pain 1989; 38: 289–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerdin E, Cnattingius. The use of obstetric analgesia in Sweden 1983–1986. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 789–96
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cogan R, Henneborn W, Klopfer F. Predictors of pain during prepared childbirth. J Psychosom Res 1976; 20: 523–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe N. Explaining the pain of active labor: the importance of maternal confidence. Res Nurs Health 1989; 12: 237–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe N. Parity and pain during parturition. J Obstet Gynecol Neonat Nurs Sept/Oct, 1987; 340–6
   Google Scholar
• Bonica J J. Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia. World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists, Amsterdam 1980; 52
   Google Scholar
• Charles A, Norr K, Block C, Meyering S, Meyers E. Obstetric and psychological effects of psycho‐prophylactic preparation for childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978; 131: 44–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck N, Siegel L, Davidson N, Kormeier S, Breitenstein A, Hall D. The prediction of pregnancy outcome: maternal preparation, anxiety and attitudinal sets. J Psychosom Res 1980; 24: 343–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogan R. Effects of childbirth preparation. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1980; 23: 1–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leventhal E, Leventha H, Shacham S, Easterling D. Active coping reduces reports of pain from childbirth. J Consult Clin Psychol 1989; 57: 365–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe N. Individual variation in childbirth pain. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1987; 7: 183–92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett A, Hewson D, Booker E, Holliday S. Antenatal preparation and labor support in relation to birth outcomes. Birth 1985; 12: 9–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton L, English E, Hambleton J. Childbirth preparation and outcomes of labor and delivery in primiparas women. J Fam Practice 1985; 20: 375–8
   Google Scholar
• Hodnett E D, Osborn R E. Effects of continuous intra‐partum professional support on childbirth outcomes. Res Nurs Health 1989; 12: 289–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennell J, Klaus M, McGrath S, Robertson S, Hinkley C. Continuous emotional support during labor in a US Hospital. J Am Med Assoc 1991; 265: 2197–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Areskog B, Uddenberg N, Kjessler B. Experience of delivery in women with and without antenatal fear of childbirth. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1983; 16: 1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe K, von Baeyer V. Predictors of a positive childbirth experience. Birth 1989; 16(2)59–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green J, Coupland V, Kitzinger J. Expectations, experiences and psychological outcomes of childbirth: a prospective study of 825 women. Birth 1990; 17(1)15–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wuitchik M, Hesson K, Bakal D. Perinatal predictors of pain and distress during labor. Birth 1990; 17(4)186–91
   Google Scholar
• Lennane J. Pain and pain relief in labour. NZ Med J 1987; 87: 1–3
   Google Scholar
• Skibsted L, Lange A. The need for pain relief in uncomplicated deliveries in an alternative birth center compared to an obstetric delivery ward. Pain 1992; 48: 183–6
   Google Scholar
• Brown W, Manning T, Grodin J. The relationship of antenatal and perinatal psychologic variables to the use of drugs in labor. Psychosom Med 1972; 34: 119–27
   Google Scholar
• Heiberg Endresen E. Pain ‐ a life quality if birth. Omsorg 1989; 3: 23–27, (in Norwegian)
   Google Scholar
• Price D D, Harkins S W, Baker C. Sensory‐affective relationships among different types of clinical and experimental pain. Pain 1987; 28: 297–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humenick S. Mastery: the key to childbirth satisfaction? A review. Birth and the Family Journal 1981; 8(2)79–83
   Google Scholar
• Christensen‐Szalanski J. Discount functions and the measurement of patients' values. Women's decisions during childbirth. Med Decision Making 1984; 4: 47–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan B, Bulpitt C, Clifton P, Lewis P. The consumers' attitude to obstetric care. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91: 624–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niven C A. Psychological Care for Families. Before, During and After Birth. Butterworth‐Heinemann Ltd, Oxford 1992
   Google Scholar