Physical and sexual lifetime violence: prevalence and influence on fear of childbirth before, during and after delivery

References

• Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C; Danish National Birth Cohort. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG 2008;115:354–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section – a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009;88:807–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saisto T, Halmesmaki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:201–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Areskog B, Uddenberg N, Kjessler B. Fear of childbirth in late pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1981;12:262–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiklund I, Edman G, Ryding EL, Andolf E. Expectation and experiences of childbirth in primiparae with caesarean section. BJOG 2008;115:324–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen M, Johansen C, Hedegaard M. Fear of childbirth and risk for birth complications in nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG 2009;116:1350–1355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soderquist J, Wijma B, Thorbert G, Wijma K. Risk factors in pregnancy for post-traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG 2009;116:672–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma K, Alehagen S, Wijma B. Development of the delivery fear scale. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2002;23:97–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1998;19:84–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alehagen S, Wijma B, Wijma K. Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006;85:56–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottvall K, Waldenstrom U. Does a traumatic birth experience have an impact on future reproduction? BJOG 2002;109:254–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimstad R, Dahloe R, Laache I, Skogvoll E, Schei B. Fear of childbirth and history of abuse: implications for pregnancy and delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006;85:435–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts C, Zimmerman C. Violence against women: global scope and magnitude. Lancet 2002;359:1232–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women. General Assembly Resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993. Available at: http://www.unhchr.ch/huricoda/huricoda.nsf/(symbol)/a.res48.104.en via the Internet . [Accessed 10 May 2010].
   Google Scholar
• Heise L, Ellsberg M, Gottemoeller M. Ending violence against women. Population Report, Series L, No. 11. Baltimore: John Hopkins University School of Public Health; Population Information Program; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Wijma B, Schei B, Swahnberg K, Hilden M, Offerdal K, Pikarinen U, Sidenius K, Steingrimsdottir T, Stoum H, Halmesmaki E. Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in patients visiting gynaecology clinics: a Nordic cross-sectional study. Lancet 2003;361:2107–2113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronnberg AK, Hammarstrom A. Barriers within the health care system to dealing with sexualized violence: a literature review. Scand J Public Health 2000;28:222–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhard-Gran M, Slinning K, Eskild A. Fear during labor: the impact of sexual abuse in adult life. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2008;29:258–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nerum H, Halvorsen L, Sorlie T, Oian P. Maternal request for cesarean section due to fear of birth: can it be changed through crisis-oriented counseling? Birth 2006;33:221–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaergaard H, Olsen J, Ottesen B, Dykes AK. Incidence and outcomes of dystocia in the active phase of labor in term nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009;88:402–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finster M, Wood M. The apgar score has survived the test of time. Anesthesiology 2005;102:855–857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus MA, Douglas EM. A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and typologies for severity and mutuality. Violence Vict 2004;19:507–520.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helweg-Larsen K, Frederiksen ML. Men's violence against women: extent, characteristics and the measures against violence-2007: English summary. Copenhagen: National Institute of Public Health; 2008. pp 42.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associations; 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall-Tackett KA. Violence against women and the perinatal period: the impact of lifetime violence and abuse on pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding. Trauma Violence Abuse 2007;8:344–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharps PW, Laughon K, Giangrande SK. Intimate partner violence and the childbearing year: maternal and infant health consequences. Trauma Violence Abuse 2007;8:105–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Records K, Rice MJ. Lifetime physical and sexual abuse and the risk for depression symptoms in the first 8 months after birth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2009;30:181–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams LM. Recall of childhood trauma: a prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62:1167–1176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldenstrom U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG 2006;113:638–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson CF. Child sexual abuse. Lancet 2004;364:462–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How social context impacts on women's fears of childbirth: a western Australian example. Soc Sci Med 2006;63:64–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues T, Rocha L, Barros H. Physical abuse during pregnancy and preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:171.e1–171.e6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. Indicators to Measure Violence Against Women. Report of the Expert Group Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: 2007 October 8-1. pp 8–10.
   Google Scholar
• Zar M, Wijma K, Wijma B. Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women. Scand J Behav Ther 2001;30:75–84.
   Google Scholar
• Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE, Kononen T, Halmesmaki E. A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98 (5 Pt 1):820–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renker PR, Tonkin P. Women's views of prenatal violence screening: acceptability and confidentiality issues. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107 (2 Pt 1):348–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RF III, Horan DL. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: responding to violence against women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002;78 (Suppl 1):S75–S77.
   Google Scholar