Mineral Particles in the Human Bronchial Mucosa and Lung Parenchyma II. Cigarette Smokers Without Emphysema

References

• Churg A, Wright JL, Stevens B. Exogenous mineral particles in the human bronchial mucosa and lung parenchyma, I: nonsmokers in the general population. Exp Lung Res 1990; 16: 169–173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stettler LE, Platek SF, Riley RD, Mastin JP, Simon SD. Lung particulate burdens of subjects from the Cincinnati, Ohio urban area. Scanning Microsc 1991; 5: 85–94
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paoletti L, Eibenschutz L, Cassano AM. Mineral fibres and dust in lungs of subjects living in an urban environment. Nonoccupational Exposure to Mineral Fibres, J Bignon, J Peto, R Saracci. IARC, Lyon 1989; 354–360
   Google Scholar
• Kalliomaki PL, Taikina-Aho O, Paakko P. Smoking and the pulmonary mineral particle burden. Non-occupational Exposure to Mineral Fibres, J Bignon, J Peto, R Saracci. IARC, Lyon 1989; 323–329
   Google Scholar
• Saffiotti U, Montesano R, Sellakumar AR. Respiratory tract carcinogenesis in hamsters induced by benzo(a)pyrene and ferric oxide. Cancer Res 1972; 32: 1073–1081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenback F, Rowland J, Sellakumar A. Carcinogenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and dusts in the hamster lung (instilled intratracheally with titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, carbon, and ferric oxide). Oncology 1976; 33: 29–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshawsky D, Bingham E, Niemeier RW. Influence of airborne particulate on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in the isolated perfused lung. J Toxicol Environ Health 1983; 11: 503–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubawy WC, Isacc RS. Acute tobacco smoke exposure alters the profile of metabolites produced from benzo(a)pyrene by the isolated perfused rabbit lung. Toxicology 1980; 18: 37–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann W, Martonen TB. The significance of enhanced radionuclide deposition at bronchial bifurcations. Ann Occup Hyg 1988; 32: 1055–1065, (supp)
   Google Scholar
• Schlesinger RB, Lippmann M. Particle deposition in casts of the human upper tracheobronchial tree. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 1972; 33: 237–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger RB, Lippmann M. Selective particle deposition and bronchogenic carcinoma. Environ Res 1978; 15: 424–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becklake MR. Occupational exposures: evidence for a causal association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: S85–S91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becklake MR, Toyota B, Stewart M, Hanson R, Janley J. Lung structure as a risk factor in adverse pulmonary responses to asbestos exposure. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128: 385–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedal S, Enarson DA, Chan-Yeung M. Airway size and the rate of pulmonary function decline in grain handlers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 1584–1588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hessel PA, Hnizdo E, Sluis-Cremer GK. Temporal patterns of silica dust exposure and lung dimensions in relation to silicosis. Ann Occup Hyg 1988; 32: 681–687, (suppl 1)
   Google Scholar
• Lourenco RV, Klimek MF, Borowski CJ. Deposition and clearance of 2u particles in the tracheobronchial tree of normal subjects—smokers and nonsmokers. J Clin Invest 1971; 50: 1411–1420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramanna L, Tashkin DP, Taplin GV, Elam D, Detels R, Coulson A, Rokaw SN. Radioaerosol lung imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1975; 68: 634–640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MS, Goodwin DA. Pulmonary distribution of inhaled radioaerosol in obstructive pulmonary disease. Radiology 1976; 118: 645–651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippmann M, Yeates DB, Albert RE. Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles. Br J Indust Med 1980; 37: 337–362
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isawa T, Teshima T, Hirano T, Ebina A, Konno K. Mucociliary clearance mechanism in smoking and nonsmoking normal subjects. J Nucl Med 1984; 25: 352–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson MG, Chamberlin MJ, Morgan WK, Vinitski S. Regional deposition of particles in the lung during cigarette smoking. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59: 1828–1833
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henshaw DL, Fews AP, Maharaj R, Shepherd L. Autopsy study of the microdistribution of a-active nuclides in lung tissue. Ann Occup Hyg 1988; 32(supp)1081–1094
   Google Scholar
• Muller WJ, Hess GD, Scherer PW. A model of cigarette smoke particle deposition. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1990; 51: 245–256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosio M, Ghezzo H, Hogg JC, Corbin R, Loveland M, Dosman J, Macklem PT. The relationship between changes in small airways and pulmonary function tests. N Engl J Med 1977; 298: 1277–1281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churg A, Stevens B. Calcium-containing particles as a marker of cigarette smoke exposure in human lungs. Exp Lung Res, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson L. SYSTAT: The System for Statistics. SYSTAT, Inc., Evanston, IL 1990
   Google Scholar
• Feldman HA. Families of lines: random effects in linear regression analysis. J Appl Physiol 1988; 64: 1721–1732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu CP, Diu CK. A comparative study of aerosol deposition in different lung models. Am Indust Hyg Assoc J 1982; 43: 54–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore DJ, Patrick G. A quantitative study of the penetration of insoluble particles into the tissue of the conducting airways. Ann Occup Hyg 1982; 26: 149–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamson I YR, Letourneau HL, Bowden DH. Comparison of alveolar and interstitial macrophages in fibroblast stimulation after silica and long or short asbestos. Lab Invest 1991; 64: 339–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody AR, Warheit DB, Chang LY, Roe MW, George G, Hill LH. Initial deposition pattern of inhaled minerals and consequent pathogenic events at the alveolar level. Ann NY Acad Sci 1984; 428: 108–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen BS, Harley NH, Schlesinger RB, Lippmann M. Nonuniform particle deposition on tracheobronchial airways: implications for lung dosimetry. Ann Occup Hyg 1988; 32: 1045–1053, (supp)
   Google Scholar
• Langer AM, Nolan RP, Bowes DR, Shirey SB. Inorganic particles found in cigarette tobacco, cigarette ash, and cigarette smoke. Biological Interaction of Inhaled Mineral Fibers and Cigarette Smoke, AP Wehner, D-L Felton. Batelle, Columbus, OH 1989; 421–439
   Google Scholar