References
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol 46: Diesel and Gasoline Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes. International Agency for Research on Cancer, LyonFrance 1989
- Yu C P, Xu G B. Predictive models for deposition of inhaled diesel exhaust particles in humans and laboratory species. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1987; 3–22
- Bond J A, Mauderly J L, Wolff R K. Concentration- and time-dependent formation of DNA adducts in lungs of rats exposed to diesel exhaust. Toxicology. 1990; 60: 127–135
- Mauderly J L, Snipes M B, Barr E B, et al. Pulmonary toxicity of inhaled diesel exhaust and carbon black in chronically exposed rats, I: neoplastic and nonneoplastic lung lesions. Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 1994; 77–97, discussion
- Battigelli M C, Hengstenberg F, Mannella R K, Thomas A P. Mucociliary activity. Arch Environ Health. 1966; 12: 460–466
- Hahon N, Booth J A, Wheeler R. Activity of diesel engine emission particulates on the interferon system. Environ Res. 1982; 28: 443–455
- Hahon N, Booth J A, Green F, Lewis T R. Influenza virus infection in mice after exposure to coal dust and diesel engine emissions. Environ Res. 1985; 37: 44–60
- Castranova V, Bowman L, Reasor M J, Lewis T, Tucker J, Miles P R. The response of rat alveolar macrophages to chronic inhalation of coal dust and/or diesel exhaust. Environ Res. 1985; 36: 405–419
- Prasad S B, Rao V S, Mannix R C, Phalen R F. Effects of pollutant atmospheres on surface receptors of pulmonary macrophages. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988; 24: 385–402
- Jakab G J, Risby T H, Sehnert S S, Hmieleski R R, Farrington J E. Suppression of alveolar macrophage membrane receptor-mediated phagocytosis by model and actual particle-adsorbate complexes initial contact with the alveolar macrophage membrane. Environ Health Perspect. 1990; 86: 337–344
- Muranaka M, Suzuki S, Koizumi K, et al. Adjuvant activity of diesel-exhaust particulates for the production of IgE antibody in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986; 77: 616–623
- Diaz Sanchez D, Dotson A R, Takenaka H, Saxon A. Diesel exhaust particles induce local IgE production in vivo and alter the pattern of IgE messenger RNA isoforms. J Clin Invest. 1994; 94: 1417–1425
- Dockery D W, Pope C A, III, Xu X, et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 1753–1759
- Schwartz J. Air pollution and daily mortality: a review and meta analysis. Environ Res. 1994; 64: 36–52
- Robertson G, Lebowitz M D. Analysis of relationships between symptoms and environmental factor over time. Environ Res. 1984; 33: 130–143
- Albright J F, Goldstein R A. Airborne pollutants and the immune system. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996; 114: 232–238
- Sibille Y, Reynolds H Y. Macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophil in lung defense and injury. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990; 141: 471–501
- Le J, Vilcek J. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities. Lab Invest. 1987; 56: 234–248
- Scheurich P, Thomas U, Ulcer U, Pfizwnmaier K. Immunoregulatory activity of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induction of TNF receptors on human T cells and TNF-α mediated enhancement of T cell responses. J Immunol. 1987; 138: 1786–1790
- Dinarello C A. Interleukin-1 and its biologically related cytokines. Adv Immunol. 1989; 44: 153–204
- Schultz R M, Kleinschmidt W J. Functional identity between murine γ interferon and macrophage activating factor. Nature 1983; 305: 239–240
- Driscoll K E, Lindenschmidt R C, Maurer J K, Higgins J M, Ridder G. Pulmonary response to silica or titanium dioxide: Inflammatory cells, alveolar macrophage-derived cytokines, and histopathology. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1990; 2: 381–390
- Piguet P F, Collart M A, Grau G E, Sappino A P, Vassalli P. Requirement of TNF for development of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Nature 1990; 344: 245–247
- Schimidt J A, Oliver C N, Lepe-Zuniga J L, Green I, Gery I. Silica-stimulated monocytes release fibroblast proliferation factors identical to interleukin 1: a potential role for interleukin 1 in the pathogenesis of silicosis. J Clin Invest. 1984; 73: 1462–1472
- Hartmann D P, Georgian M M, Oghiso Y, Kagan E. Enhanced interleukin activity following asbestos inhalation. Clin Exp Immunol. 1984; 55: 643–650
- Zhang Y, Lee T C, Guillemin B, Yu M C, Rom W N. Enhanced IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J Immunol. 1993; 150: 4188–4196
- Driscoll K E, Maurer J K, Higgins J, Poynter J. Alveolar macrophage cytokine and growth factor production in a rat model of crocidolite-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1995; 46: 155–169
- Kang J H, Lewis D M, Castranova V, et al. Inhibitory action of tetrandrine on macrophage production of interleukin-1 (IL-1)-like activity and thymocyte proliferation. Exp Lung Res. 1992; 18: 715–729
- Shahan T A, Siegel P D, Sorenson W G, Kuschner W G, Lewis D M. A sensitive new bioassay for tumor necrosis factor. J Immunol Methods. 1994; 175: 181–187
- Ulich T R, Watson L R, Yin S, et al. The intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines, I: characterization of LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF mRNA expression and the LPS-, IL-1, and TNF-induced inflammatory infiltrate. Am J Pathol. 1991; 138: 1485–1496
- Fujimaki H, Nohara O, Ichinose T, Watanabe N, Saito S. IL-4 production in mediastinal lymph node cells in mice intratracheally instilled with diesel exhaust particulates and antigen. Toxicology. 1994; 92: 261–268
- Chang T -L, Shea C M, Upioste S, Thompson R C, Boom W H, Abbas A K. Heterogeneity of helper/ inducer T lymphocytes, III: responses of IL-2 and IL-4-producing (Th1 and Th2) clones to antigens presented by different accessory cells. J Immunol. 1990; 145: 2803–2808
- Bice D E, Mauderly J L, Jones R K, McClellan R O. Effects of inhaled diesel exhaust on immune responses after lung immunization. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1985; 5: 1075–1086
- Crebelli R, Conti L, Crochi B, Carere A, Bertoli C, Del Giacomo N. The effect of fuel composition on the mutagenicity of diesel engine exhaust. Mutat Res. 1995; 346: 167–172
- Takenaka H, Zhang K, Diaz Sanchez D, Tsien A, Saxon A. Enhanced human IgE production results from exposure to the aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust: direct effects on B-cell IgE production. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995; 95: 103–115
- Sagai M, Saito H, Ichinose T, Kodama M, Mori Y. Biological effects of diesel exhaust particles, I: in vitro production of superoxide and in vivo toxicity in mouse. Free Radic Biol Med. 1993; 14: 37–47
- Ouellet S, Yang H, Aubin R A, Hawley R G, Wenckebach G FC, Lemaire I. Bidirectional modulation of TNF-α production by alveolar macrophages in asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Leukocyte Biol. 1993; 53: 279–285
- Alder K B, Holden-Stauffer W J, Repine J E. Oxygen metabolites stimulate release of high-molecular-weight glycoconjugated by cell organ cultures of rodent respiratory epithelium via an arachidonic acid-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest. 1990; 85: 75–85
- Kunkel S L, Chensue S W, Phan S H. Prostaglandins as endogenous mediators of interleukin 1 production. J Immunol. 1986; 136: 186–192
- Kunkel S L, Spengler M, May M A, Spengler R, Larrick J, Remick D G. Prostaglandin E2 regulates macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor gene expression. J Biol Chem. 1988; 263: 5380–5384
- Jacob C O. Tumor necrosis factor α in autoimmunity: pretty girl or old witch?. Immunol Today. 1992; 13: 122–125
- Blanchard D K, Djeu J Y, Klein T W, Friedman H, Steward W E. Protective effects of TNF in experimental Legionella pheumophila infections of mice via activation of PMN function. J Leukocyte Biol. 1988; 43: 429–435
- Williams D M, Magee D M, Bonewald L F, et al. A role in vivo for TNF in host defense against Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect Immun. 1990; 58: 1572–1576
- Van Der Meer J W, Barza M, Wolff S, Dinarello C A. A low dose of recombinant interleukin 1 protects granulocytopenic mice from lethal gram-negative infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988; 85: 1620–1623
- Tsujmoto M, Yip Y K, Vilcek J. Interferon-γ enhances expression of cellular receptors for tumor necrosis factor. J Immunol. 1986; 136: 2441–2444
- Driscoll K E, Maurer J K, Crosby L L. Overload of lung clearance is associated with activation of alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor and fibronectin release. J Aero Med. 1990; 3: 83–91