References
- Russell DS, Rubinstein LJ. Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 1989; 228–229
- Zulch KJ. Brain Tumors: Their Biology and Pathology3d ed. Springer, Berlin 1986
- Burger PC, Scheithauer BC. Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 1993; 452
- Kleihues P, Burger PC, Scheithauer BC. Histological Typing of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Berlin 1993; 112
- VandenBerg SR. Current diagnostic concepts of astrocytic tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1992; 51: 644–657
- Kros JM, Stefanko SZ, de Jong AW, et al. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical segregation of gemistocytic subsets. Hum Pathol. 1991; 22: 23–40
- Hirato J, Nakazato Y, Ogawa A. Expression of non-glial intermediate filament proteins in gliomas. Clin Neuropathol. 1994; 13: 1–11
- Schiffer D, Giordana MT, Mauro A, Migheli A, Germano I, Giaccone G. Immunohistochemical demonstration of vimentin in human cerebral tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1986; 70: 209–219
- Scheithauer BW, Bruner JM. The ultrastructural spectrum of astrocytic tumors. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1987; 11: 535–581
- Moss TH. Tumors of the Nervous System. Springer, London 1986; 166
- Gabryel P. Ultrastructure of astrocytic gliomas. Folia Histochem Cytochem. 1981; 89: 8–9
- Bouteille M, Kalifat M, Delarue J. Ultrastructural variations of nuclear bodies in human diseases. J Ultrastruct Res. 1967; 19: 474–486
- Chozick BS, Weicker ME, Pezzullo JC, et al. Pattern of mutant p53 expression in human astrocytomas suggests the existence of alternate pathways of tumorigenesis. Cancer 1994; 73: 406–415
- Louis DN. The p53 gene and protein in human brain tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1994; 53: 11–21
- Koga H, Zhang S, Kumanishi T, et al. Analysis of p53 gene mutations in low- and high-grade astrocytomas by polymerase chain reaction-assisted single-strand conformation polymorphism and immunohistochemistry. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1994; 87: 225–232
- Karamitopoulou E, Perentes E, Diamantis I, Maraziotis T. Ki-67 immunoreactivity in human central nervous system tumors: a study with MIB 1 monoclonal antibody on archival material. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1994; 87: 47–54
- Snipes GJ, Horoupian DS, Shuer LM, Silverberg GD. Pleomorphic granular cell astrocytoma of the pineal gland. Cancer 1992; 70: 2159–2165
- Albuquerque L, Pimentel J, Costa A, Cristina L. Cerebral granular cell tumor: report of a case and a note on their nature and expected behavior. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1992; 84: 680–685
- Hori A, Almannsberger M, Spoerri O, Beuche W. Granular cell tumor in the third ventricle: case report with histological, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical and necropsy findings. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1985; 74: 49–52
- Nakamura T, Hirato J, Hotchi M, Kyoshima K, Nakamura Y. Astrocytoma with granular cell tumor-like changes: report of a case with histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of granular cells. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1990; 40: 206–211
- Itoh Y, Kowada M, Mineura K, Kojima H. Congenital glioblastoma of the cerebellum with cytofluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. Surg Neurol. 1987; 27: 163–167
- Friede RL, Janzer RC, Roessmann U. Infantile small cell gliomas. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1982; 57: 103–110
- Jellinger K. Glioblastoma multiforme: morphology and biology. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1978; 42: 5–32
- Mork SJ, Rubinstein LJ, Kepes JJ. Patterns of epithelial metaplasia in malignant gliomas, I: papillary formations mimicking medulloepithelioma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1988; 47: 93–100
- Mork SJ, Rubinstein LJ, Kepes JJ, Perentes E, Uphoff DF. Patterns of epithelial metaplasia in malignant gliomas, II: squamous differentiation of epithelial-like formations in gliosarcomas and glioblastomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1988; 47: 101–118
- Zülch KJ. Biology and morphology of glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Radiol Ther. 1969; 8: 65–69
- Gullotta F, Casentini L, Neumann J. Giant cell gliomas of the temporal lobe. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1980; 54: 25–31
- Gherardi R, Baudrimont M, Nguyen JP, et al. Monstrocel-lular heavily lipidized malignant glioma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1986; 69: 28–32
- Duffy PE, Huang Y-Y, Rapport MM, Graf L. Glial fibrillary acid protein in giant cell tumors of brain and other gliomas: a possible relationship to malignancy, differentiation and pleomorphism of glia. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1980; 52: 51–57
- Hadfield MG, Silverberg SG. Light and electron microscopy of giant-cell glioblastoma. Cancer 1972; 30: 989–996
- Kepes JJ, Rubinstein LJ. Malignant gliomas with heavily lipidized (foamy) tumor cells: a report of three cases with immunoperoxidase study. Cancer 1987; 22: 356–366
- Kepes JJ. Glioblastoma multiforme masquerading as a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1989; 5: 127
- Kornfeld M. Granular cell glioblastoma: a malignant granular cell neoplasm of astrocytic origin. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1986; 45: 447–462
- del Bigio MR, Deck JH. Rosenthal fibers producing a granular cell appearance in a glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1993; 86: 100–104
- Radner H, Kleinert R, Vennigerholz F, Denk H. Peculiar changes in Rosenthal fibers in an atypical astrocytoma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1990; 16: 171–177
- Herndon RM, Rubinstein LJ, Freeman JM, Mathieson G. Light- and electron-microscopic observations on Rosenthal fibers in Alexander's disease and in multiple sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1970; 29: 524–551
- Lach B, Sikorska M, Rippstein P, Gregor A, Staines W, Davie TR. Immunoelectron microscopy of Rosenthal fibers. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1991; 81: 503–509
- Borit A, Richardson EP. The biological and clinical behaviour of pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic pathways. Brain. 1982; 105: 161–187
- Gessaga EC, Anzil AP. Rod-shaped filamentous inclusions and other ultrastructural features in a cerebellar astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1975; 33: 119–127
- Hitotsumatsu T, Iwaki T, Fukui M, Tateishi J. Cytoplasmic inclusions of astrocytic elements of glial tumors: special reference to round granulated body and eosinophilic hyaline droplets. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1994; 88: 501–510
- Murayama S, Bouldin TW, Suzuki K. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of eosinophilic granular bodies in astrocytic tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1992; 83: 408–414
- Kepes JJ, Kepes M, Slowik F. Fibrous xanthoma and xanthosarcomas of the meninges and the brain. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1973; 23: 187–199
- Kepes JJ, Rubinstein LJ, Eng FL. Pleomorphic xanthoas-trocytoma: a distinctive meningocerebral glioma of young subjects with relatively favorable prognosis. Cancer 1979; 44: 1839–1852
- Kepes JJ. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: the birth of the diagnosis and a concept. Brain Pathol. 1993; 3: 269–274
- Paulus W, Peiffer J. Does the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma exist? Problems in the application of immunological techniques to the classification of brain tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1988; 76: 245–252
- Paulus W, Peiffer J. History, histology, histochemistry and histiocytic histogenesis of the pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Brain Tumor Pathol. 1991; 8: 67–71
- Lindboe ChF, Cappelen J, Kepes JJ. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma as a component of a cerebellar ganglioglioma: case report. Neurosurgery. 1992; 31: 353–355
- Kordek R, Biernat W, Sapieja W, Alwasiak J, Liberski PP. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with a gangliomatous component: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1995; 89: 194–197
- Kordek R, Biernat W, Alwasiak J, Liberski PP. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and desmoplastic infantile ganglio-glioma: have these neoplasms a common origin?. Folia Neuropathol. 1994; 32: 237–239
- Aydin F, Ghatak NR, Salvant J, Muizelaar P. Desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy: a case report with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and proliferation studies. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1993; 86: 666–670
- De Chadarevian JP, Pattisapu JV, Faerber EN. Desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy: light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and ultrastructure. Cancer 1990; 66: 173–179
- Kuchelmeister K, Bergmann M, von Wild K, Hochreuther D, Busch G, Gullotta F. Desmoplastic ganglioglioma: report of two non-infantile cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1993; 85: 199–204
- Louis DN, von Deimling A, Dickersin GR, Dooling EC, Sei-Zinger BR. Desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy: a histopathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular genetic study. Hum Pathol. 1992; 23: 1402–1409
- Taratuto AL, Monges J, Lylyk P, Leiguarda R. Superficial cerebral astrocytoma attached to dura. Cancer 1984; 54: 2505–2512
- VandenBerg SR, May EE, Rubinstein LJ, et al. Desmoplastic supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors of infancy with divergent differentiation potential (desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma). J Neurosurg. 1987; 66: 58–71
- Sugita Y, Shigemori M, Kuramoto S, et al. Angiomatous variant of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: report of two cases. Brain Tumor Pathol. 1991; 8: 51–54
- Weldon-Linne CM, Victor TA, Groothuis DR, Vick NA. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of a case with the rapidly fatal outcome following surgery. Cancer 1983; 52: 2055–2063
- Daita G, Yonemasu Y, Muraoka S, Nakai H, Maeda T. A case of anaplastic astrocytoma transformed from pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Brain Tumor Pathol. 1991; 8: 63–66
- Kuhajda FP, Mendelsohn G, Taxy JB, Long DM. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: report of a case with light and electron microscopy. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1981; 2: 25–32
- Kros JM, Vecht ChJ, Stefanko SZ. The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and its differential diagnosis: a study of five cases. Hum Pathol. 1991; 22: 1128–1135
- Strom EH, Skullerud K. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: report of 5 cases. Clin Neuropathol. 1983; 2: 188–191
- Kawano N. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: some new observations. Clin Neuropathol. 1992; 11: 323–328
- Hahn JS, Bejar R, Gladson CL. Neonatal subependymal giant cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis: MRI, CT, and ultrasound correlation. Neurology 1991; 41: 124–128
- Bonnin JM, Rubinstein LJ, Papasozomenos SCh, Marangos PJ. Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma: significance and possible cytogenetic implications of an immunohistochemical study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1984; 62: 185–193
- Sima AAF, Roberston DM. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: case report and ultrastructural study. J Neurosurg. 1979; 50: 240–245
- Herpers MJH, Budka H. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in oligodendroglial tumors: gliofibrillary oligodendroglioma and transitional oligoastrocytoma as subtypes of oligodendroglioma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1984; 64: 265–272
- Kros JM, de Jong AA, van der Kwast TH. Ultrastructural characterization of transitional cells in oligodendrogliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1992; 51: 186–193
- Wondrusch E, Huemer M, Budka H. Production of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by neoplastic oligodendrocytes; gliofibrillary oligodendroglioma and transitional oligoastrocytoma revisited. Brain Tumor Pathol. 1991; 8: 11–15
- Kimura T, Budka H, Soler-Federsppiel S. An immunohisto-chemical comparison of the glial-associated proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein (S100P) in human brain tumors. Clin Neuropathol. 1986; 5: 21–27
- Kubota T, Hayashi M, Kawano H, Kabuto M, Ishise J. Differential diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Brain Tumor Pathol. 1991; 8: 17–24
- Min KW, Scheithauer BW. Oligodendroglioma: the ultrastructural spectrum. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1994; 18: 47–60
- Sarasa JL, Ramon Y, Cajal Agueras S, Burzaco J. Crystals in an oligodendroglioma: an optical, histochemical, and ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1990; 14: 151–159
- Zippan CW, Mierau GW, Weeks DA. Ependymoma with signet-ring cells. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1994; 18: 43–46
- Duffy PE, Graf L, Huang Y-Y, Rapport MM. Identification of glial fibrillary acidic protein by the immunoperoxidase method in human brain tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1977; 36: 645–652
- Duffy PE, Graf L, Rapport MM. Glial fibrillary acidic protein in ependymomas and other brain tumors. J Neurol Sci 1979; 40: 133–146
- Izukawa D, Lach B. Immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filaments in human ependymal tumors. Can J Neurol Sci. 1988; 15: 114–118
- Cruz-Sanchez FF, Rossi ML, Esiri MM, Reading M. Epithelial membrane antigen expression in ependymomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1988; 14: 197–205
- Cruz-Sanchez FF, Rossi ML, Hughes JT, Cervos-Navarro J. An immunohistochemical study of 66 ependymomas. Histopathology 1988; 13: 443–454
- Uematsu Y, Rojas-Corona RR, Llena JF, Hirano A. Distribution of epithelial membrane antigen in normal and neoplastic ependyma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1989; 78: 325–328
- Hirano A. Some contributions of electron microscopy to the diagnosis of brain tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1978; 43: 119–128
- Haustein J, Cruz-Sanchez F, Cervos-Navarro J. On the ultrastructure of ependymomas: a semiquantitative analysis of diagnostic criteria in 21 cases with special reference to glycogen as a marker. Neurosurg Rev. 1988; 11: 67–76
- Guccion JG, Saini N. Ependymoma: ultrastructural studies of two cases. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1991; 15: 159–166
- Kubota T, Ishise J, Yamashima T, Yamamoto S. Abnormal cilia in a malignant ependymoma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1986; 71: 100–105
- Ho K-L. Abnormal cilia in a fourth ventricular ependymoma. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1986; 70: 30–37
- Ho K-L, Caccamo DV, Garcia JH. Intracytoplasmic lumina in ependymomas: an ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1994; 18: 371–380
- Papierz W, Alwasiak J, Kolasa P, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumors: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1995; 19: 147–166
- Miller CA, Torack RM. Secretory ependymoma of the filum terminale. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1970; 15: 240–250
- Diepholder HM, Schwechheimer K, Mohadjer M, Knoth R, Volk B. A clinicopathologic and immunomorphologic study of 13 cases of ganglioglioma. Cancer 1991; 68: 2192–2201
- Feliks I, Bilbao JM, Asa SL, Tyndel F, Kovacs K, Becker LE. Cerebral and cerebellar gangliocytomas: a morphological study of nine cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1994; 88: 246–251
- Izusawa D, Lach B, Benoit B. Gangliocytoma of the cerebellum: ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. Neurosurgery. 1988; 22: 576–581
- Kawamoto K, Yamanouchi Y, Suwa J, Kurimoto T, Matsumura H. Ultrastructural study of a cerebral gangliocytoma. Surg Neurol. 1985; 24: 541–549
- Debiec-Rychter M, Liberski PP, Alwasiak J, Klimek J. Chromosomal alterations in a case of ganglioglioma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995; 85: 155–156
- Miller DC, Lang FF, Epstein FJ. Central nervous system gangliogliomas, 1: pathology. J Neurosurg. 1993; 79: 859–866
- Wolf HK, Muller MB, Spanle M, Zentner J, Schramm J, Wiestler OD. Ganglioglioma: a detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 61 cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1994; 88: 166–173