Mechanical characterization of microspheres – capsules, cells and beads: a review

References

• Ahmad MR, Nakajima M, Kojima S, Homma M, Fukuda T. The effects of cell sizes, environmental conditions, and growth phases on the strength of individual W303 yeast cells inside ESEM. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 2008; 7: 185–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad MR, Nakajima M, Kojima S, Homma M, Fukuda T. Nanoindentation methods to measure viscoelastic properties of single cells using sharp, flat, and buckling tips inside ESEM. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 2010; 9: 12–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arfsten J, Bradtmoller C, Kampen I, Kwade A. Compressive testing of single yeast cells in liquid environment using a nanoindentation system. J Mater Res 2008; 23: 3153–60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briscoe BJ, Liu KK, Williams DR. Adhesive contact deformation of a single microelastomeric sphere. J Colloid Interface Sci 1998; 200: 256–64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui VC, Kim YU, Choi SS. Physical characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Surf Interface Anal 2008; 40: 1323–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao G, Chandra N. Evaluation of biological cell properties using dynamic indentation measurement. Phys Rev E: Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81: 021924
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carin M, Barthes-Biesel D, Edwards-Levy F, Postel C, Andrei DC. Compression of biocompatible liquid-filled HSA-alginate capsules: Determination of the membrane mechanical properties. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 82: 207–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carl P, Schillers H. Elasticity measurement of living cells with an atomic force microscope: Data acquisition and processing. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol 2008; 457: 551–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso MM, Blaiszik BJ, Jin HH, Schelkopf SR, Stradley DS, Sottos NR, White SR, Moore JS. Robust, double-walled microcapsules for self-healing polymeric materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2: 1195–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerf A, Cau JC, Vieu C, Dague E. Nanomechanical properties of dead or alive single-patterned bacteria. Langmuir 2009; 25: 5731–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Q, Schonherr H, Vancso GJ. Mechanical properties of block copolymer vesicle membranes by atomic force microscopy. Soft Matter 2009; 5: 4944–50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crick S, Yin F. Assessing micromechanical properties of cells with atomic force microscopy: Importance of the contact point. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2007; 6: 199–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross SE, Jin YS, Rao J, Gimzewski JK. Nanomechanical analysis of cells from cancer patients. Nat Nanotechnol 2007; 2: 780–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dague E, Bitar R, Ranchon H, Durand F, Yken HM, Francois JM. An atomic force microscopy analysis of yeast mutants defective in cell wall architecture. Yeast 2010; 27: 673–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dardelle G, Normand V, Steenhoudt M, Bouquerand PE, Chevalier M, Baumgartner P. Flavour-encapsulation and flavour-release performances of a commercial yeast-based delivery system. Food Hydrocolloids 2007; 21: 953–60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darling EM, Wilusz RE, Bolognesi MP, Zauscher S, Guilak F. Spatial mapping of the biomechanical properties of the pericellular matrix of articular cartilage measured in situ via atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2010; 98: 2848–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dintwa E, Jancsok P, Mebatsion HK, Verlinden B, Verboven P, Wang CX, Thomas CR, Tijskens E, Ramon H, NicolaÇ B. A finite element model for mechanical deformation of single tomato suspension cells. J Food Eng 2011; 103: 265–72
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubreuil F, Elsner N, Fery A. Elastic properties of polyelectrolyte capsules studied by atomic-force microscopy and RICM. Eur Phys J E: Soft Matter Biol Phys 2003; 12: 215–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fery A, Dubreuil F, Mohwald H. Mechanics of artificial microcapsules. New J Phys 2004; 6: Art. 18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fery A, Weinkamer R. Mechanical properties of micro- and nanocapsules: Single-capsule measurements. Polymer 2007; 48: 7221–35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores-Merino MV, Chirasatitsin S, LoPresti C, Reilly GC, Battaglia G, Engler AJ. Nanoscopic mechanical anisotropy in hydrogel surfaces. Soft Matter 2010; 6: 4466–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons MM, Klug WS. Influence of nonuniform geometry on nanoindentation of viral capsids. Biophys J 2008; 95: 3640–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynos E, Koutsos V, McDicken WN, Moran CM, Pye SD, Ross JA, Sboros V. Nanomechanics of biocompatible hollow thin-shell polymer microspheres. Langmuir 2009a; 25: 7514–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynos E, Sboros V, Koutsos V. Polymeric thin shells: Measurement of elastic properties at the nanometer scale using atomic force microscopy. Mater Sci Eng B-Adv Funct Solid-State Mater 2009b; 165: 231–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartmann C, Mathmann K, Delgado A. Mechanical stresses in cellular structures under high hydrostatic pressure. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 2006; 7: 1–12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidaka K, Nakamura M, Osuga K, Miyazaki H, Wada S. Elastic characteristics of microspherical embolic agents used for vascular interventional radiology. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2010; 3: 497–503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiratsuka S, Mizutani Y, Tsuchiya M, Kawahara K, Tokumoto H, Okajima T. The number distribution of complex shear modulus of single cells measured by atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109: 937–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu JF, Chen HQ, Zhang ZB. Mechanical properties of melamine formaldehyde microcapsules for self-healing materials. Mater Chem Phys 2009; 118: 63–70
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ju BF, Ju Y. Video enhanced depth-sensing indentation technique for characterizing mechanical behaviour of biomaterials. Meas Sci Technol 2006; 17: 1776–84
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang I, Panneerselvam D, Panoskaltsis VP, Eppell SJ, Marchant RE, Doerschuk CM. Changes in the hyperelastic properties of endothelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-[alpha]. Biophys J 2008; 94: 3273–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasas S, Wang X, Hirling H, Marsault R, Huni B, Yersin A, Regazzi R, Grenningloh G, Riederer B, Forro L, et al. Superficial and deep changes of cellular mechanical properties following cytoskeleton disassembly. Cell Motility Cytoskeleton 2005; 62: 124–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller MW, Sottos NR. Mechanical properties of microcapsules used in a self-healing polymer. Exp Mech 2006; 46: 725–33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim K, Cheng J, Liu Q, Wu XY, Sun Y. Investigation of mechanical properties of soft hydrogel microcapsules in relation to protein delivery using a MEMS force sensor. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2010; 92A: 103–13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim BS, Fan TH, Lebedeva OV, Vinogradova OI. Superswollen ultrasoft polyelectrolyte microcapsules. Macromolecules 2005a; 38: 8066–70
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim BS, Lebedeva OV, Koynov K, Gong HF, Glasser G, Lieberwith I, Vinogradova OI. Effect of organic solvent on the permeability and stiffness of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules. Macromolecules 2005b; 38: 5214–22
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim K, Liu XY, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Yu Wu X, Sun Y. Elastic and viscoelastic characterization of microcapsules for drug delivery using a force-feedback MEMS microgripper. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 11: 421–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klis FM, Mol P, Hellingwerf K, Brul S. Dynamics of cell wall structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2002; 26: 239–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klymenko O, Wiltowska-Zuber J, Lekka M, Kwiatek WM. Energy dissipation in the AFM elasticity measurements. Acta Phys Polonica A 2009; 115: 548–51
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsova TG, Starodubtseva MN, Yegorenkov NI, Chizhik SA, Zhdanov RI. Atomic force microscopy probing of cell elasticity. Micron 2007; 38: 824–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanero TS, Cavalleri O, Krol S, Rolandi R, Gliozzi A. Mechanical properties of single living cells encapsulated in polyelectrolyte matrixes. J Biotechnol 2006; 124: 723–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebedeva OV, Kim BS, Vinogradova OI. Mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte-filled multilayer microcapsules studied by atomic force and confocal microscopy. Langmuir 2004; 20: 10685–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lefebvre Y, Leclerc E, Barthes-Biesel D, Walter J, Edwards-Levy F. Flow of artificial microcapsules in microfluidic channels: A method for determining the elastic properties of the membrane. Phys Fluids 2008; 20(12)123102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leick S, Henning S, Degen P, Suter D, Rehage H. Deformation of liquid-filled calcium alginate capsules in a spinning drop apparatus. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12: 2950–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lekka M, Sainz-Serp D, Kulik AJ, Wandrey C. Hydrogel microspheres: Influence of chemical composition on surface morphology, local elastic properties, and bulk mechanical characteristics. Langmuir 2004; 20: 9968–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin DC, Dimitriadis EK, Horkay F. Elasticity of rubber-like materials measured by AFM nanoindentation. eXPRESS Polym Lett 2007; 1: 576–84
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin DC, Horkay F. Nanomechanics of polymer gels and biological tissues: A critical review of analytical approaches in the Hertzian regime and beyond. Soft Matter 2008; 4: 669–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin DC, Shreiber D, Dimitriadis E, Horkay F. Spherical indentation of soft matter beyond the Hertzian regime: Numerical and experimental validation of hyperelastic models. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2009; 8: 345–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipke PN, Ovalle R. Cell wall architecture in yeast: New structure and new challenges. J Bacteriol 1998; 180: 3735–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu KK. Deformation behaviour of soft particles: A review. J Phys D: Appl Phys 2006; 39: R189–99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Donald AM, Zhang Z. Novel manipulation in environmental scanning electron microscope for measuring mechanical properties of single nanoparticles. Mater Sci Technol 2005; 21: 289–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu KK, Williams DR, Briscoe BJ. Compressive deformation of a single microcapsule. Phys Rev E: Stat Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys 1996; 54: 6673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T, Zhang Z. Mechanical properties of desiccated ragweed pollen grains determined by micromanipulation and theoretical modelling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 85: 770–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh O, Vaziri A, Espinosa H. The potential of MEMS for advancing experiments and modeling in cell mechanics. Exp Mech 2009; 49: 105–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long Y, York D, Zhang ZB, Preece JA. Microcapsules with low content of formaldehyde: Preparation and characterization. J Mater Chem 2009; 19: 6882–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loparic M, Wirz D, Daniels AU, Raiteri R, VanLandingham MR, Guex G, Martin I, Aebi U, Stolz M. Micro- and nanomechanical analysis of articular cartilage by indentation-type atomic force microscopy: Validation with a gel-microfiber composite. Biophys J 2010; 98: 2731–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lulevich VV, Andrienko D, Vinogradova OI. Elasticity of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules. J Chem Phys 2004; 120: 3822–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lulevich VV, Radtchenko IL, Sukhorukov GB, Vinogradova OI. Deformation properties of nonadhesive polyelectrolyte microcapsules studied with the atomic force microscope. J Phys Chem B 2003; 107: 2735–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lulevich V, Zink T, Chen HY, Liu FT, Liu GY. Cell mechanics using atomic force microscopy-based single-cell compression. Langmuir 2006; 22: 8151–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahaffy RE, Park S, Gerde E, Käs J, Shih CK. Quantitative analysis of the viscoelastic properties of thin regions of fibroblasts using atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2004; 86: 1777–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matzke R, Jacobson K, Radmacher M. Direct, high-resolution measurement of furrow stiffening during division of adherent cells. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3: 607–10
   Google Scholar
• Mercadé-Prieto R, Allen R, York D, Preece JA, Goodwin TE, Zhang Z. Compression of elastic-perfectly plastic microcapsules using micromanipulation and finite element modelling: Determination of the yield stress. Chem Eng Sci 2011a; 66: 1835–43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercadé-Prieto R, Allen R, York D, Preece JA, Goodwin TE, Zhang Z, Failure of elastic-plastic core-shell microcapsules under compression. AIChEJ, 2011b(in press) DOI: 10.1002/aic.12804
   Google Scholar
• Mercadé-Prieto R, Nguyen B, Allen R, York D, Preece JA, Goodwin TE, Zhang Z. Determination of the elastic properties of compressed microcapsules using finite element modelling. Chem Eng Sci 2011c; 66: 2042–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minc N, Boudaoud A, Chang F. Mechanical forces of fission yeast growth. Curr Biol 2009; 19: 1096–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Flores S, Benitez R, Vivanco MD, Toca-Herrera JL. Stress relaxation and creep on living cells with the atomic force microscope: A means to calculate elastic moduli and viscosities of cell components. Nanotechnology 2010a; 21(44): 445101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno-Flores S, Benitez R, Vivanco MD, Toca-Herrera JL. Stress relaxation microscopy: Imaging local stress in cells. J Biomech 2010b; 43: 349–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller E, Chung JT, Zhang Z, Sprauer A. Characterization of the mechanical properties of polymeric chromatographic particles by micromanipulation. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1097: 116–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller DJ, Dufrene YF. Atomic force microscopy as a multifunctional molecular toolbox in nanobiotechnology. Nat Nanotechnol 2008; 3: 261–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen VB, Wang CX, Thomas CR, Zhang Z. Mechanical properties of single alginate microspheres determined by microcompression and finite element modelling. Chem Eng Sci 2009; 64: 821–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'sullivan M, Zhang ZB, Vincent B. Silica-shell/oil-core microcapsules with controlled shell thickness and their breakage stress. Langmuir 2009; 25: 7962–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papi M, Sylla L, Parasassi T, Brunelli R, Monaci M, Maulucci G, Missori M, Arcovito G, Ursini F, De Spirito M. Evidence of elastic to plastic transition in the zona pellucida of oocytes using atomic force spectroscopy. Appl Phys Lett 2009; 94: 153902–3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paramera EI, Konteles SJ, Karathanos VT. Microencapsulation of curcumin in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Chem 2011; 125: 892–902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachik M, Barthes-Biesel D, Carin M, Edwards-Levy F. Identification of the elastic properties of an artificial capsule membrane with the compression test: Effect of thickness. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 301: 217–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajagopalan J, Tofangchi A, Saif MTA. Linear high-resolution bioMEMS force sensors with large measurement range. J Microelectromech Syst 2010; 19: 1380–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Y, Donald AM, Zhang Z. Investigation of the morphology, viability and mechanical properties of yeast cells in environmental SEM. Scanning 2008; 30: 435–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren YL, Donald AM, Zhang ZB. Investigation of radiation damage to microcapsules in environmental SEM. Mater Sci Technol 2007; 23: 857–64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roduit C, Sekatski S, Dietler G, Catsicas S, Lafont F, Kasas S. Stiffness tomography by atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2009; 97: 674–7
   Google Scholar
• Rosinski S, Grigorescu G, Lewinska D, Ritzen LG, Viernstein H, Teunou E, Poncelet D, Zhang Z, Fan X, Serpy D, et al. Characterization of microcapsules: Recommended methods based on round-robin testing. J Microencapsul 2002; 19: 641–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotsch C, Radmacher M. Drug-induced changes of cytoskeletal structure and mechanics in fibroblasts: An atomic force microscopy study. Biophys J 2000; 78: 520–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez D, Johnson N, Li C, Novak P, Rheinlaender J, Zhang Y, Anand U, Anand P, Gorelik J, Frolenkov GI, et al. Noncontact measurement of the local mechanical properties of living cells using pressure applied via a pipette. Biophys J 2008; 95: 3017–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillers H, Walte M, Urbanova K, Oberleithner H. Real-time monitoring of cell elasticity reveals oscillating myosin activity. Biophys J 2010; 99: 3639–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng Y, Briscoe BJ, Maung R, Rovea C. Compression of polymer bound alumina agglomerates at the micro deformation scale. Powder Technol 2004; 140: 228–39
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi G, Rao L, Yu H, Xiang H, Yang H, Ji R. Stabilization and encapsulation of photosensitive resveratrol within yeast cell. Int J Pharm 2008; 349: 83–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simha NK, Jin H, Hall ML, Chiravarambath S, Lewis JL. Effect of indenter size on elastic modulus of cartilage measured by indentation. J Biomech Eng 2007; 129: 767–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AE, Moxham KE, Middelberg APJ. Wall material properties of yeast cells. Part II. Analysis. Chem Eng Sci 2000a; 55: 2043–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AE, Zhang Z, Thomas CR. Wall material properties of yeast cells: Part 1. Cell measurements and compression experiments. Chem Eng Sci 2000b; 55: 2031–41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AE, Zhang ZB, Thomas CR, Moxham KE, Middelberg APJ. The mechanical properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000c; 97: 9871–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolov I, Iyer S, Subba-Rao V, Gaikwad RM, Woodworth CD. Detection of surface brush on biological cells in vitro with atomic force microscopy. Appl Phys Lett 2007; 91: 023902–3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenson JD, Thomas CR, Hartley P. Modelling the mechanical properties of yeast cells. Chem Eng Sci 2009; 64: 1892–903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolz M, Gottardi R, Raiteri R, Miot S, Martin I, Imer R, Staufer U, Raducanu A, Duggelin M, Baschong W, et al. Early detection of aging cartilage and osteoarthritis in mice and patient samples using atomic force microscopy. Nat Nanotechnol 2009; 4: 186–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolz M, Raiteri R, Daniels AU, VanLandingham MR, Baschong W, Aebi U. Dynamic elastic modulus of porcine articular cartilage determined at two different levels of tissue organization by indentation-type atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2004; 86: 3269–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun G, Zhang Z. Mechanical properties of melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules. J Microencapsul 2001; 18: 593–602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun G, Zhang Z. Mechanical strength of microcapsules made of different wall materials. Int J Pharm 2002; 242: 307–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan Y, Sun D, Huang W, Cheng SK. Mechanical modeling of biological cells in microinjection. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 2008; 7: 257–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan Y, Sun D, Huang W, Cheng SK. Characterizing mechanical properties of biological cells by microinjection. IEEE Trans Nanobiosci 2010a; 9: 171–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan Y, Sun D, Wang J, Cheng SK. Mechanical characterization of human red blood cells under different osmotic conditions by robotic manipulation with optical tweezers. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2010b; 57: 1816–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatara Y. On compression of rubber elastic sphere over a large range of displacements. 1. Theoretical study. Trans ASME – J Eng Mater Technol 1991; 113: 285–91
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touhami A, Nysten B, Dufrene YF. Nanoscale mapping of the elasticity of microbial cells by atomic force microscopy. Langmuir 2003; 19: 4539–43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadillo-Rodriguez V, Dutcher JR. Dynamic viscoelastic behavior of individual gram-negative bacterial cells. Soft Matter 2009; 5: 5012–19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CX, Cowen C, Zhang Z, Thomas CR. High-speed compression of single alginate microspheres. Chem Eng Sci 2005; 60: 6649–57
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CX, Wang L, Thomas CR. Modelling the mechanical properties of single suspension-cultured tomato cells. Ann Botany 2004; 93: 443–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright CJ, Shah MK, Powell LC, Armstrong I. Application of AFM from microbial cell to biofilm. Scanning 2010; 32: 134–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu HW, Kuhn T, Moy VT. Mechanical properties of L929 cells measured by atomic force microscopy: Effects of anticytoskeletal drugs and membrane crosslinking. Scanning 1998; 20: 389–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue J, Zhang ZB. Physical, structural, and mechanical characterization of calcium-shellac microspheres as a carrier of carbamide peroxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2009; 113: 1619–25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Y, Zhang ZB, Stokes JR, Zhou QZ, Ma GH, Adams MJ. Mechanical characterization of agarose micro-particles with a narrow size distribution. Powder Technol 2009; 192: 122–30
   Google Scholar
• Yang JL, Keller MW, Moore JS, White SR, Sottos NR. Microencapsulation of isocyanates for self-healing polymers. Macromolecules 2008; 41: 9650–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap SF, Adams MJ, Seville JPK, Zhang ZB. Single and bulk compression of pharmaceutical excipients: Evaluation of mechanical properties. Powder Technol 2008; 185: 1–10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan L, Gu A, Liang G. Preparation and properties of poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with epoxy resins. Mater Chem Phys 2008; 110: 417–25
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, D’Acunzi M, Kappl M, Auernhammer GK, Vollmer D, van Kats CM, van Blaaderen A. Hollow silica spheres: Synthesis and mechanical properties. Langmuir 2009a; 25: 2711–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, D’Acunzi M, Kappl M, Imhof A, Blaaderen AV, Butt HJ, Graf R, Vollmer D. Tuning the mechanical properties of silica microcapsules. Phys. Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12: 15392–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Ferenczi MA, Lush AC, Thomas CR. A novel micromanipulation technique for measuring the bursting strength of single mammalian cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1991; 36: 208–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Stenson JD, Thomas CR. Micromanipulation in mechanical characterisation of single particles. Advances in chemical engineering, characterization of flow, particles and interfaces, J Li. Academic Press, AmsterdamThe Netherlands 2009b; Ch. 2, 37: 29–85
   Google Scholar
• Zhao L, Zhang ZB. Mechanical characterization of biocompatible microspheres and microcapsules by direct compression. Artif Cells Blood Substitutes, Immobilization Biotechnol 2004; 32: 25–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar