Patent Briefing

PATENT BRIEFING

CHINA

• Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu 85 104,765 (1986) Rapid microencapsulation of liquid crystal composition for thermal display device. S. Xie and Y. Xia. A microen-capsulated liquid crystal composition was prepared whose thin layer displayed red-yellow-green-blue-purple colour changes over the temperature range 30-32°C.
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• Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu 85 104,906 (1987) Microencapsulation of anaerobic compositions. CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, GUANGZHOU RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY. Y. Yang. Polymer microcapsules containing anaerobic compositions were prepared for use in polyvinyl acetate emulsion sealants for screws.
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EUROPE

• European Patent Application 237,024 (1987) Light-sensitive microcapsule containing poly-merizable compound and silver halide, and light-sensitive material employing the same. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. F. Kakimi and S. Ishikawa. Light-sensitive microcapsules were prepared, exposed and developed by heating to give a positive image.
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• European Patent Application 237,025 (1987) Light-sensitive microcapsules containing poly-merizable compound and silver halide enclosed by amine-aldehyde resin walls. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. F. Kakimi. Light-sensitive material containing microcapsules of silver halide with a polymerizable compound in amine-aldehyde resin walls is used as a dry-processing photoimaging system and shows good preservability and sensitivity.
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• European Patent Application 238,035 (1987) Preparation of polymer-microencapsulated part-icles for electrophoretic displays. ROTRING-WERKE RIEPE K.-G. F. J. Micale. The preparation of polymer-microencapsulated particles for electrophoretic displays is described.
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• European Patent Application 241,042 (1987) Selective cell analysis using microcapsules carrying specific antibodies and labels. HITACHI, LTD. K. Imai and Y. Nomura. Cells in a biological sample are analyzed by exposing the cells to specific antibodies tagged with microcapsules carrying a label having optical characteristics. Using different cell types and different antibodies tagged with microcapsules having different labels allows for analysis of multiple cell types in the same sample.
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• European Patent Application 242,863 (1987) Lithographic plate preparation. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. A. Hasegawa. A lithographic plate containing microcapsules of photopolymerizable monomer and/or a photosensitive resin has high resolution, highly oleophilic images, and stain-free background areas.
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• European Patent Application 245,820 (1987) Biodegradable microspheres as a carrier for macromolecules. UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY RESEARCH FOUNDATION. P. P. DeLuca and F. Rypacek. Biodegradable microspheres containing bioactive macromolecular agents entrapped therein are prepared for controlled release.
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• European Patent Application 251,203 (1988) Light-sensitive material containing silver halide, reducing agent and polymerizable compound. FUJI PHOTO FILM co., urn. F. Kakami. In a light-sensitive layer containing microencapsulated silver halide and polymerizable compound, the microcapsules have a limited size distribution. The absence of relatively large and small microcapsules provides clear images with reduced stain and homogeneously high density.
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• European Patent Application 251,680 (1988) Controlled-release bioerodable drug delivery system with rapid-dispersing matrix and controlled-release microcapsules. IOLAB, INC. J. W. Shell. A composition for controlled release of a drug consists of an external matrix which is rapidly soluble in body fluid and bioerodable controlled-release microcapsules, containing the drug, which are dispersed in the matrix.
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• European Patent Application 256,856 (1988) A parenterally administrable composition contain-ing coacervate system. NEOMED CORP. B. Ecanow. The composition is based on a two phase liquid aqueous coacervate system useful for the solubilization and delivery of a drug.
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• European Patent Application 260,129 (1988) Material and process useful in providing trans-parencies or reproductions having a controlled gloss finish. MEAD CORP. G. D. Metz, J. G. O'Connor, C. McCrary and P. C. Adair. The photosensitive material contains a micro-encapsulated developer sheet, and the process produces high-resolution glossy images required in microfiche or microfilm imaging or copying.
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• European Patent Application 260,854 (1988) Veterinary intramammary infusion containing cloxacillin benzathine and ampicillin trihydrate, its preparation and use. NORBROOK LABORATORIES LTD. E. Haughey. The infusion contained a first dosage of a preparation effective against mammary infection as an encapsulated micronised powder, and 3 subsequent dosage units microencapsulated for delayed release after 3, 6 and 9 weeks dispersed in sterile liquid paraffin.
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,630,693 (1987) Photochemically decomposable microcapsules.
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• FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. A. Watanabe, S. Washizu, F. Shinozaki, S. Ishikawa and T. Aoai. The preparation of photochemically decomposable microcapsules, which can be used in a variety of imaging applications, is described.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,635,821 (1988) Microcapsules with improved polyurea walls.
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• BAYER A.-G. G. Jabs, U. Nehen and H. J. Scholl. Microcapsule walls, useful in carbon-free copying paper, were prepared by interfacial polymerization. Microcapsules coated on copying paper produced colour only when broken by pressure.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,635,823 (1988) Polyureas for microcapsules with improved walls. BAYER A.-G. G. Jabs and P. Haas. Microcapsules with improved thermal stability were coated on paper to give a copying paper which became discoloured only on heating to 151°C.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,710,153 (1987) Microcapsule-coated paper provided with an image by laser exposure. WIGGINS TEAPE GROUP LTD. L. Townsend. The name, logo and trademark of the preparer can be formed on the paper substrate by laser before coating a pressure-sensitive copying paper with microcapsules.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,710,578 (1987) Light- and pressure-sensitive recording material containing photosensitive microcapsules. BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. J. Sakai. A micro-encapsulated light- and pressure-sensitive recording material was prepared.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,711,922 (1987) Toner particles for electrostatography or magne-tography. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. T. Mikami. Microcapsules containing magnetizable ink for use in toners were coated with an inorganic material using a titanate coupling agent. The toner particles have improved flow characteristics and are resistant to agglomeration when stored at high temperatures.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,725,192 (1988) Donor sheet for thermal-transfer recording. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. Y. Fujita and S. Tatsuta. A donor sheet contains microcapsules containing an oil-soluble dye dissolved in an organic solvent and a sensitizer which melts on heating to swell the microcapsule walls and release the dye.
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FRANCE

• French Demande 2,591,105 (1987) Cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions containing retinoids or carotenoids in liposomes or lipidic lamella for treatment of skin disorders.
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• MOET-HENNESSY RECHERCHE S.A. A. Meybeck, P. Michelon, C. Montastier and G. Redziniak. The compositions in liposomes or hydrated lipid lamella gave 10 times more comedolytic activity than the same concentrations in alcohol and also were less irritating when tested on animals.
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• French Demande 2,593,394 (1987) Pharmaceutical containing liposomes prepared from a suspension of liposomes and solid amphotericin B. IRE-CELLTARG S.A .A. Coune, J. P. Sculier, C. Brassinne and C. Laduron. The preparation of unilamellar liposomes encapsulating amphotericin B is described.
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HUNGARY

• French Demande 2,595,141 (1987) Preparation and use of liposome compositions containing a member of an affinity pair for the detection of the complementary member, notably a parasite antigen. INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICAL (INSERM). J. Portoukalian and N. Garcon. Preparation and use of the liposome compositions, particularly to detect parasites in biological fluids are described.
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• Hungarian Teljes 43,915 (1988) High-stability herbicidal, fungicidal and insecticidal aqueous suspensions containing coacervating electrolytes. BUDAPEST VEGYIMUVEK. F. Bihari, P. Bohus, F. Csempesz, J. Hadobas, G. Halasz, P. Kovacs, S. Rohrsetzer and L. Vereb. Coacervating electrolytes decrease the amount of surfactant required for stable pesticide suspensions.
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JAPAN

• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 135,576 (1987) Rodent-repelling paints containing micro-encapsulated piperidineclione derivative. TANABE SEIYAKU CO., LTD.; TOPPAN MOORE CO., LTD. T. Kondo, 0. Ueda, Y. Fukakusa and M. Moriwaki. Rodent-repelling paints contain micro-encapsulated piperidinedione derivative as active ingredient. It was used as coating material for flexible containers.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 156,991 (1987) Diazo thermal recording material containing microencapsulated diazo compound. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. T. Hayashi and T. Usami. In a thermal recording material, the recording layer contains I diazo compound and a coupling compound, either of which may be microencapsulated. The material has high thermal sensitivity, good dye developability and long shelf life.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 160,289 (1987) Presensitized lithographic plate support having microcapsule layer. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. S. Takamiya and H. Sakaki. The lithographic plate support consists of an anodized aluminium plate with microcapsules of adhesive which may be broken by pressure, light irradiation or an acid produced thereby. The plate shows improved durability with strong adhesion between the support and the coated layer.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 175,763 (1987) Polymer-coated magnetic powder in electrophoto-graphic microencapsulated toner with improved fixability. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. A. Hatakeyama. A microencapsulated toner having excellent fixability and long shelf life was prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 175,764 (1987) Electrically insulating resin in electrophotographic encapsulated toner for improved triboelectric charging property. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. T. Konno and T. Mikami. The preparation of a microencapsulated toner with improved triboelectric charging properties which are invariant with temperature and humidity is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 195,390 (1987) Preparation of fluoroalkyl phosphate esters as synthetic liposomes. KAO CORP. J. Wakatsuki, T. Kato and T. Kurosaki. The preparation of fluoroalkyl phosphate esters, useful as synthetic liposomes, is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 198,492 (1987) Recording sheets having methacrylic acid copolymer alkali salts in microcapsule layers. KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO., LTD. S. Irii, M. Tanaka and T. Shiozaki. Recording sheets containing microcapsules having a synthetic polymer wall and containing a colour former with an alkali salt of a copolymer prevent staining due to undesired pressure and exhibit good printability and workability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 201,814 (1987) Liposome membrane containing lactosylamines having affinity for hepatic cells. DAIICI4I SEIYAKU CO., LTD. S. Hirota and H. Kikuchi. Liposomes encapsulating aminodeoxylactose mono-fatty acid amides which have a specific affinity for hepatic cells were prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 212,190 (1987) Photofixable thermal recording materials composed of diazonium salts encapsulated in isocyanate compounds. KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO., LTD. R. Bando, S. Okimoto, K. Ishida and T. Okamoto. Photofixable thermal recording materials having a recording layer containing microencapsulated diazonium salt have sufficient heat sensitivity to produce clear background images with excellent storage stability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 212,665 (1987) Pressure-fixable encapsulated toner. TOPPAN MOORE CO., LTD. K. Uko and H. Yamada. A microencapsulated toner has long shelf life and low-pressure fixability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 212,666 (1987) Pressure-fixable encapsulated toner. TOPPAN MOORE CO., LTD. K. Uko and H. Yamada. A microencapsulated toner has long shelf life and low-pressure fixability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 214,357 (1987) Manufacture of liposomes for sensitization for immunoassays. TOSHIBA CORP. Y. Ishirnori, M. Hado and M. Koyarna. Liposomes, sensitized with human IgG, were prepared for use in immunoassays.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 233,764 (1987) Electrophotographic microencapsulated toner containing grafted copolymer binder. CANON K.K. M. Yamazaki, T. Matsumoto, T. Koshio, I. Osaki, Y. Goseki, T. Nakahara, K. Wakamiya, J. Kurimoto and N. Ushiyama. A micro-encapsulated toner with improved mechanical and electrophotographic properties was prepared with a binder resin containing several polymers in the core.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 235,936 (1987) Photosensitive and pressure-sensitive copying paper containing microencapsulated thermoplastic polymer and imaging apparatus for using it. BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. M. Kobayashi and F. Suda. A thermoplastic polymer is included in the microcapsules of photohardening polymer, leuco dye and a polymerization initiator which prevents the colour developer-containing copying paper from being coloured by friction or bending.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 238,551 (1987) Photosensitive and pressure-sensitive copying paper that provides images with improved contrast. BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. N. Hatta and S. Furukawa. A mixture of several kinds of microcapsules having different photosensitivities is contained in the copying paper to prevent the formation of images with variable contrasts. The ratio of different kinds of microcapsules may be adjusted to give optimum contrast.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 238,552 (1987) Photosensitive, heat-sensitive and pressure-sensitive copying paper containing microencapsulated thermoplastic colour developer and pressing roller having heater for developing it. BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. H. Yoshihara. A copying paper containing microencapsulated leuco dye also includes microencapsulated thermoplastic colour developer to prevent accidental coloring. Development uses a pressing roller having a heater to heat and press simultaneously.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 238,578 (1987) Electrophotographic microencapsulated toner. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. T. Mikami. A microencapsulated toner has improved fixability, offset property and long-term flowability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 240,973 (1987) Electrostatographic microcapsule toner encapsulated by phase separation. CANON K.K. M. Yamazaki, N. Ushiyama, I. Osaki, Y. Goseki, T. Ochi and S. Matsunaga. A phase-separation process for manufacturing a microen-capsulated toner is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 242,582 (1987) Diazo, photofizable thermal recording materials. KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO., LTD. K. Ishida, S. Okimoto, R. Bando and T. Okamoto. The recording layers of the material contain microencapsulated diazonium salts, and the material has high storage stability before use and high thermal sensitivity.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 242,959 (1987) Microencapsulated electrophotographic toner using polyurethane or polyisocyanurate. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. N. Hosoi. The microcapsules in the toner contain polymer in the cores and a shell of polyurethane and/or polyurea having isocyanurate units. The toner has high positive triboelectrification properties and provides clear images.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 249,169 (1987) Transparent toner containing charge-transporting substance. MINOLTA CAMERA CO., LTD. M. Takada, Y. Isono and T. Ueda. A microencapsulated transparent toner has only a charge-transporting substance as a photoconductor. The toner can transmit UV radiation with high photosensitivity, no retained potential and clear stain-free images.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 253,176 (1987) Microencapsulated toner for electrostatographic development. CANON K.K. T. Nakahara, J. Kurimoto, Y. Goseki, T. Koshio, T. Ouchi, N. Ushiyama, T. Matsumoto, I. Osaki, K. Wakamiya and M. Yamazaki. The microencapsulated toner shows excellent friction resistance, fluidity and storage stability and is capable of being fixed with a small amount of energy.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 253,486 (1987) Acid anions in manufacture of diazo photofizable thermal recording materials for fog suppression. KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO., LTD. R. Mando, S. Okimoto, K. Ishida and T. Okamoto. Acid anions are incorporated with the diazonium salt emulsion in microcapsules which are used together with couples and alkali-generating agent. This prevents elution of diazonium salts into the aqueous medium and increase in fog density is suppressed.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 255,957 (1987) Electrophotographic toners containing silicone oil-containing microcapsules. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. A. Hatakeyama. Toner particles mixed with silicone oil-containing microcapsules give electrophotographic toners with improved storage stability and offset-preventive property.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 262,739 (1987) Recovery of methanol solvent in preparation of microcapsules. SASAKURA ENGINEERING CO., LTD. M. Miura. After the preparation of micro-capsules, they were washed with methanol. The spent methanol/aqueous solution was then distilled for recycling of the methanol.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 265,567 (1987) A method for blood typing using stained erythrocyte ghosts. SEITETSU CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. M. Kawamura, S. Akutsu, H. Fukuda, K. Saga, Y. Okubo and T. Seo. The method involves adding stained erythrocyte ghost cells, obtained from human erythrocytes, to a sample blood serum and measuring the agglutination.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 266,537 (1987) Photosensitive microcapsules for preparing photosensitive pressure-sensitive copying paper. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. T. Aoso and N. Aotani. Microcapsules useful for providing photosensitive pressure-sensitive copying paper with improved storage stability were prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 267,765 (1987) Electrostatographic microencapsulated toner particles chemically coated with fine particles. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. A. Hatakeyama. Fine particles such as acrylic polymer powder or silica powder are chemically attached to microencapsulated toner particles to improve their long-term flowability and storage stability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 269,742 (1987) Pressure-sensitive copying paper with leuco dye-containing microcapsules prepared with maleic anhydride-a-methylstyrene copoly-mer dispersing agents. SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO., LTD. H. Horiuchi, S. Ura, T. Takagishi and T. Saka. Microcapsules containing a leuco dye were prepared using an cc-methylstyrene dispersing agent and used in a pressure-sensitive copying paper.
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• Jpan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 273,882 (1987) Chelate-type pressure-sensitive copying sheet with abrasion resistance. KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO., LTD. S. Shioi, K. Shinko, M. Tajiri and A. Miyake. An abrasion-resistant copying sheet, using a reaction between metal compounds and ligands, has a coated layer containing microcapsules of amino-aldehyde resin and latex.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 278,085 (1987) Thermal recording sheets having diazonium salt-containing microcapsules. KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO., LTD. K. Kojima, H. Yamahira and T. Okamoto. Photofixable thermal recording sheets containing diazonium salt-containing micro-capsules show excellent storage stability and are suitable for high-speed recording.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 279,839 (1987) Encapsulated cadmium sulfide with coloring agent for electrophotographic photosensors. NISSHINBO INDUSTRIES, INC. R. Yosomiya and Y. Haga. A film of cadmium sulphide microencapsulated in vinyl type polymers with a coloring agent such as Rose Bengal was applied to a glass substrate. Photoelectrical sensitivity of the film was higher than that of cadmium sulphide without coloring agent.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 283,934 (1987) Manufacture of liposomes containing interferons.
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• VITAMIN KENKYUSHO K.K. K. Yagi and N. Kojima. The preparation of liposomes encapsulating interferons is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 288,836 (1987) Photothermographic material containing micro-encapsulated base (-precursors) for improved storage stability. KONICA co. K. Okauchi, M. Iwagaki and H. Yamagaki. A photothermographic material containing microcapsules of a base and/or a base precursor retains high contrast after prolonged storage.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 288,837 (1987) Photothermographic material containing microen-capsulated acid (-precursor) for improved storage stability. KONICA CO. K. Okauchi, H. Kakuchi and H. Yamazaki, A photothermographic material which contains microcapsules of an acid and/or an acid precursor retains high contrast even after prolonged storage.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 290,788 (1987) Color change-timing membrane for temperature indicator labels. MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, INC. H. Tsutsumi, H. Akahori and M. Asano. A color change-timing membrane separates a layer containing microcapsules of an oily substance from a layer which undergoes a color change through contact with the oily substance.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 299,847 (1987) Heat-developable silver halide photographic materials containing microencapsulated development inhibitors. KONICA co. K. Okauchi, J. Kono and H. Yamazaki. Microencapsulated photographic development inhibitor included in a heat-developable silver halide photographic material improves its storage stability and provides images with improved contrast.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 12,765 (1988) Coated fabrics with improved functional properties.
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• TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC. T. Hatada, A. Mitsuyoshi and S. Masuda. The fabrics were prepared by coating fabric with polymer coating materials and porous microcapsules containing functional agents and then heat treating the fabric to give water-resistance.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 15,792 (1988) Optical recording media. ALPS ELECTRIC CO., LTD. K. Ito. A recording medium amenable to analogue recording is prepared by forming a light-reflection layer on a rubbery elastomer containing a substance in a dispersed form which is capable of thermal expansion on heating and maintaining the expanded state on cooling.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 29,748 (1988) Photothermographic material incorporating microencapsulated monomer and pigment. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. S. Yamamoto. The material which contains a white pigment, a silver halide, a reducing agent and a polymerizable compound, of which at least one component is microencapsulated, provides images with improved sharpness.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 30,862 (1988) Manufacturing process for electrophotographic spherical toners. TOY° INK MFG CO., LTD. K. Satsuta and Y. lids. Microencapsulated spherical toner particles were prepared with improved flowability and triboelectrification property that produces fog-free images.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 32,535 (1988) Diffusion-transfer photographic photosensitive materials. FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD. M. Yamada. The material containing a silver halide, a reducing agent and a polymerizable compound, of which at least one component is microen-capsulated, shows improved storage stability and provides images with improved signal/noise ratio.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 33,539 (1987) Polymeric urea adsorbents useful for artificial kidneys. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. OF JAPAN. M. Mishima. The adsorbents are hollow microspheres consisting of outer layers of urea-permeable polymers crosslinked to inner layers containing copolymers.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 35,891 (1988) Light-weight and flexible leather substitutes. BANDO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. H. Sato. Light-weight flexible leather substitutes were prepared by hot-pressing a composition of a resin and thermally expandable microcapsules on to a base cloth.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 37,342 (1988) Photosensitive pressure-sensitive copying paper containing softenable polymer. BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. N. Makino and A. Sakai. The copying paper containing photosensitive microcapsules also includes softenable polymer particles which prevents formation of stains before use and reduces pressure needed for development.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 54,209 (1988) Manufacture of polymer-containing concrete. MITSUI CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. S. Okamoto, T. Utsunomiya and T. Tamura. In the manufacture of polymer-containing concrete, mixing is greatly improved by microencapsulating the polymer and water. The microcapsules are destroyed when the polymer concrete mix is poured into molds.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 55,537 (1988) Pressure-transfer photoimaging paper. BROTHER INDUSTRIES, LTD. T. Isaki and H. Kawahara. One half of the photimaging sheet is coated with microencapsulated photosensitive material, and the other half with a color developer. The paper is folded in half and pressure applied to produce the image.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 77,948 (1988) Liquid-absorbing polymer compositions. MATSUMOTO YUSII-SEIYAKU CO., LTD. S. Miura and M. Sato. The preparation of compositions, useful in producing printing stamps, sitting cushions etc., from polymers and porous microcapsules is described.
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• Japan Tokkyo Koho 62 57,989 (1987) Mixture of more than two kinds of electrophotographic microencapsulated toners for toner images with improved clarity. RICOH CO., LTD. N. Ushiyama and I. Ikeda. At least two kinds of electrophotographic microencapsulated toners which contain a coloring agent and a solvent in their shells provide toner images with improved fixability and clarity. The solvent in one kind of microencapsulated toner dissolves the shell of the other kind of microencapsulated toner but not its own, and vice versa.
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SOUTH AFRICA

• South African Patent Specification 86 08,632 (1987) Latex microsphere infmunoassay method and kit of the detection of proteins and viruses. PROFILE DIAGNOSTIC SCIENCES, INC. C. G. Wang. A serum specimen was contracted with a dipstick bearing anti-target antibody. The dipstick was then exposed to dispersed microspheres conjugated to anti-target antibody and its binding to the microspheres examined for fluorescence for detection of cytomegalovirus in the serum.
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UK

• UK Patent Application 2,178,182 (1987) Electrostatographic encapsulated tone. FUJI PHOTO FILM co., LTD. N. Hosoi and A. Hatakeyama. Toner microcapsules, hydrophilic silica and an iron powder carrier were mixed to give a developer capable of producing a high number of copies without any loss in image density.
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• UK Patent Application 2,188,900 (1987) Fusogenic phospholipid vesicles containing quaternary ammonium hydroxides. INTERNATIONAL GENETIC SCIENCES PARTNERSHIP. A. G. Gitman and A. Loyter. Phospholipid vesicles, or liposomes, contain sufficient of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide in their membranes to make then fusogenic. Thus liposomes can fuse with cells providing a convenient way of transferring drugs or genetic material into a cell.
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USA

• US Patent 4,675,189 (1987) Microencapsulation of water-soluble active polypeptides, particular-ly LHRH analogs, using poly(lactide-coglycolide). SYN'fEX (U.S.A.), INC. J. S. Kent, D. H. Lewis, L. M. Sanders and T. R. Tice. Pharmaceutical microcapsules for sustained release of peptide hormones, especially LHRH analogues were prepared and showed sustained release of hormone over at least one month in rats.
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• US Patent 4,698,263 (1987) Dried sacs of amphiphilic compounds with attached marker and ligand for use in specific binding assays. BECTON, DICKINSON AND CO. D. B. Wagner and R. A. Baffi. Sacs, such as lipid vesicles, having a detectable marker conjugated to a component in the vesicle wall, are useful for specific binding assays. They may be dried for storage.
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