2,121
Views
60
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The prevalence, treatment and outcomes of agitation among patients with brain injury admitted to acute care units

, &
Pages 1155-1162 | Received 30 Jun 2011, Accepted 09 Feb 2012, Published online: 29 May 2012

References

  • Sandel M, Mysiw W. The agitated brain injured patient. Part I: Definitions, differential diagnosis, and assessment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 77: 617–623
  • Brooke M, Questad K, Patterson D, Bashak K. Agitation and restlessness after closed head injury: A prospective study of 100 consecutive admissions. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1992; 73: 320–323
  • Mysiw W, Sandel M. The agitated brain injured patient. Part II: Pathophysiology and treatment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997; 78: 213–220
  • Wolf A, Gleckman A, Cifu D, Ginsburg P. The prevalence of agitation and brain injury in skilled nursing facilities: A survey. Brain Injury 1996; 10: 241–245
  • Nott M, Chapparo C, Baguley I. Agitation following traumatic brain injury: An Australian sample. Brain Injury 2006; 20: 1175–1182
  • DeGuise E, Leblanc J, Feyz M, Thomas H, Gosselin N. Effect of an integrated reality orientation programme in acute care on post-traumatic amnesia in patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2005; 19: 263–269
  • Eisenberg M, Im B, Swift P, Flanagan S. Management of traumatic brain injury-related agitation. Critical Reviews in Physical Rehabilitation Medicine 2009; 21: 215–229
  • Cook R, Mayne C, Gardner G, Lawrence T. Policy development through action research: Managing aggressive behaviour in patients with traumatic brain injury. Australian Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 15: 5–12
  • Eastwood E, Schechtman J. Direct observation nursing: Adverse patient behaviours and functional outcomes. Nursing Economics 1999; 17: 96–102
  • Thomas H, Feyz M, LeBlanc J, Brosseau J, Champoux M, Christopher A, Desormeaux N, Dorais L, Lin H. North Star Project: Reality orientation in an acute care setting for patients with traumatic brain injuries. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2003;18:292–302.
  • Amato S, Salter J, Mion L. Physical restraint reduction in an acute rehabilitation setting: A quality improvement initiative. Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing 2006; 31: 235–241
  • Johnson C. After a brain injury: Clearing up the confusion. Nursing 1995; 25: 39–45
  • Rosati D. Early polyneuropharmacologic intervention in brain injury agitation. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002; 81: 90–93
  • Lombard L, Zafonte R. Agitation after traumatic brain injury: Considerations and treatment options. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005; 84: 797–812
  • Francisco G, Walker W, Zasler N, Bouffard M. Pharmacological management of neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury: A survey of current physiatric practice. Brain Injury 2007; 21: 1007–1014
  • Fugate L, Spacek L, Kresty L, Levy C, Johnson J, Mysiw J. Measurement and treatment of agitation following traumatic brain injury: II. A survey of the brain injury special interest group of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1997; 78: 924–928
  • Thomas H, Feyz M, LeBlanc J, Brosseau J, Champoux M, Christopher A, Desormeaux N, Dorais L, Lin H. North Star Project: Reality orientation in an acute care setting for patients with traumatic brain injuries. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2003;18:292–302.
  • Chew E, Zafonte R. Pharmacological management of neurobehavioural disorders following traumatic brain injury-A State of the art review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 2009; 46: 851–878
  • Fleminger S, Greenwood R, Oliver D, Pharmacological management for agitation and aggression in people with acquired brain injury. Cochrane Data base of Systematic Reviews 2008;4:CD003299
  • Van De Naalt J, Van Zomeren A, Sluiter W, Minderhoud J. Acute behavioural disturbances related to imaging studies and outcome in mild-to-moderate head injury. Brain Injury 2000; 14: 781–788
  • Bogner J, Corrigan J, Fugate L, Mysiw W, Clinchot D. Role of agitation in prediction of outcomes after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001; 80: 636–644
  • Lequerica A, Rapport L, Loeher K, Axelrod B, Vangel S, Hanks R. Agitation in acquired brain injury: Impact on acute rehabilitation therapies. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2007; 22: 177–183
  • Corrigan J. Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 1989; 11: 261–277
  • Nott M, Chapparo C, Heard R, Baguley I. Patterns of agitated behaviour during acute brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Injury 2010; 24: 1214–1221
  • Weir N, Doig E, Fleming J, Wiemers A, Zemljic C. Objective and behavioural assessment of the emergence from post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury 2006; 20: 927–935
  • Werner P, Cohen-Mansfield J, Braun J, Marx M. Physical restraints and agitation in nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1989; 37: 1122–1126
  • Inouye S, Charpentier P. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 1996; 275: 852–857
  • Chang L, Wang K, Chao Y. Influence of physical restraints on unplanned extubation of adult intensive care unit patients: A case control study. American Journal of Critical Care 2008; 17: 408–415

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.