Agitation after traumatic brain injury and predictors of outcome

References

• Denny-Brown D. Disability arising from closed head injury. Journal of the American Medical Association 1945;127:429–436
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton MV, Wehman P. Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: A literature review and recommendations. Brain Injury 1995;9:81–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller L. Major syndromes of aggressive behaviour following head injury: An introduction to evaluation and treatment. Cognitive Rehabilitation 1990;8:14–19
   Google Scholar
• Sandel ME, Mysiw WJ. The agitated brain injured patient. I: Definitions, differential diagnosis, and assessment. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1996;77:617–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grafman J, Schwab K, Warden D, Pridgen A, Brown HR, Salazar AM. Frontal lobe injuries, violence, and aggression: A report of the Vietnam head injury study. Neurology 1996;46:1231–1238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombard LA, Zafonte RD. Agitation after traumatic brain injury: Considerations and treatment options. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005;84:797–812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fugate LP, Spacek LA, Kresty LA, Levy CE, Johnson JC, Mysiw WJ. Definition of agitation following traumatic brain injury: I. A survey of the Brain Injury Special Interest Group of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1997;78:917–923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogner JA, Corrigan JD, Fugate L, Mysiw WJ, Clinchot D. Role of agitation in prediction of outcomes after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2001;80:636–644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan JD, Bogner JA. Factor structure of the Agitated Behavior Scale. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 1994;16:386–392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baguley IJ, Cooper J, Felmingham K. Aggressive behavior following traumatic brain injury: How common is common? Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2006;21:45–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SH, Manes F, Kosier T, Baruah S, Robinson RG. Irritability following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disorders 1999;187:327–335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao N, Jellinek HM, Woolston DC. Agitation in closed head injury: Haloperidol effects on rehabilitation outcome. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1985;66:30–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooke MM, Questad KA, Patterson DR, Bashak KJ. Agitation and restlessness after closed head injury: A prospective study of 100 consecutive admissions. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1992;73:320–323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes RL, Bhattacharyya AK, Heller D. Traumatic head injury: Restlessness and agitation as prognosticators of physical and psychologic improvement in patients. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1981;62:20–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maryniak O, Manchanda R, Velani A. Methotrimeprazine in the treatment of agitation in acquired brain injury patients. Brain Injury 2001;15:167–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin HS, Grossman RG. Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury. Archives of Neurology 1978;35:720–727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadyan V, Mysiw WJ, Bogner JA, Corrigan JD, Fugate LP, Clinchot DM. Gender differences in agitation after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;83:747–752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tateno A, Jorge RE, Robinson RG. Clinical correlates of aggressive behavior after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 2003;15:155–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan JD, Mysiw WJ, Gribble MW, Chock SKL. Agitation, cognition and attention during post-traumatic amnesia. Brain Injury 1992;6:155–160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nott M, Chapparo C, Baguley IJ. Agitation following traumatic brain injury: An Australian sample. Brain Injury 2006;20:1175–1182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan JD. Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following TBI. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 1989;11:262–277
   Google Scholar
• Wilson J, Pettigrew L, Teasdale G. Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: Guidance for their use. Journal of Neurotrauma 1998;15:573–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall LF, Bowers SA, Klauber MR, Van Berkum Clark M, Eisenberg HM, Jane JA. A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography. Journal of Neurosurgery 1991;75:S14–S20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson R, Balleny H. Behaviour problems after brain injury: Incidence and need for treatment. Clinical Rehabilitation 1996;10:173–181
   Google Scholar
• Evans RW. The postconcussion syndrome and the sequelae of mild head injury. Neurologic Clinics 1992;10:815–847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparadeo FR, Gill D. Effects of prior alcohol use on head injury recovery. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1989;4:75–82
   Google Scholar
• Swanson JW, Holzer CE III, Ganju VK, Jono RT. Violence and psychiatric disorder in the community: Evidence from the epidemiologic catchment area surveys. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 1990;41:761–770
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cassidy JW. Neuropharmacological management of destructive behaviour after TBI. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 1994;9:43–60
   Google Scholar
• Fleminger S. Managing agitation and aggression after head injury: Minimum use of drugs and early care in rehabilitation units are recommended. British Medical Journal 2003;327:4–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galski T, Palasz J, Bruno RL, Walker JE. Predicting physical and verbal aggression on a brain trauma unit. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1994;75:380–383
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tonkonogy JM. Violence and temporal lobe lesion: Head CT and MRI data. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 1991;3:189–196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Corrigan JD, Bogner J, Mysiw WJ, Clinchot D, Fygate L. Systematic bias outcome studies of persons with traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1997;78:132–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar