Ten-to-twelve years after specialized neurorehabilitation of young patients with severe disorders of consciousness: A follow-up study

References

• Eilander HJ, Wijnen VJM, Scheirs JGM, de Kort PLM, Prevo AJH. Children and young adults in a prolonged unconscious state due to severe brain injury: outcome after an early intensive neurorehabilitation programme. Brain Injury 2005;19:425–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plum F, Posner JB. The diagnosis of stupor and coma. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): F.A. Davis Company; 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Katz DI, Whyte J. Neurorehabilitation in disorders of consciousness. Seminars in Neurology 2013;33:142–156.
   Google Scholar
• Jennett B, Plum F. Persistent vegetative state after brain damage. A syndrome in search of a name. Lancet 1972;7753:734–737.
   Google Scholar
• Laureys S, Celesia GG, Cohadon F, Lavrijsen JCM, Leon-Carrion J, Sannita WG, Sazbon L, Schmutzhard E, von Wild KR, Zeman A, Dolce G. Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome. BMC Medicine 2010;8:68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Ashwal SC,Childs N, Cranford R, Jennett B, Katz D, Kelly JP, Rosenberg JH, Whyte J, Zafonte R, Zasler ND. The minimally conscious state. Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002;58:349–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Povlishock JT, Katz DI. Update of neuropathology and neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2005;20:76–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Fins JJ, Laureys S, Schiff ND. Disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: the state of the science. Nature Reviews Neurology 2014;10:99–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Multi-Society Task Force on Persistent Vegetative State. Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (second of two parts). New England Journal of Medicine 1994b;330:1572–1579.
   Google Scholar
• Young GB, Owen AM. Predictors of recovery of responsiveness in prolonged anoxic vegetative state. Neurology 2013;81:1274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demertzi A, Schnakers C, Soddu A, Bruno MA, Gosseries O, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Laureys S. Neural plasticity lessons from disorders of consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology 2010;1:245.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seel RT, Douglas J, Dennison AC, Heaner S, Farris K, Rogers C. Specialized early treatment for persons with disorders of consciousness: program components and outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2013;94:1908–1923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eilander HJ, Timmerman RBW, Scheirs JGM, van Heugten CM, de Kort PLM, Prevo AJH. Children and young adults in a prolonged unconscious state after severe brain injury: long-term functional outcome as measured by the DRS and the GOSE after early intensive neurorehabilitation. Brain Injury 2007;21:53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sörbo A, Rydenhag B, Sunnerhagen KS, Blomqvist M, Svensson S, Emanuelson I. Outcome after severe brain damage, what makes the difference? Brain Injury 2005;19:493–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammi MH, Smith VH, Tate RL, Taylor CM. The minimally conscious state and recovery potential: a follow-up study 2 to 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005;86:746–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skandsen T, Ivar Lund T, Fredriksli O, Vik A. Global outcome, productivity and epilepsy 3–8 years after severe head injury. The impact of injury severity. Clinical Rehabilitation 2008;22:653–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz DI, Polyak M, Coughlan D, Nichols M, Roche A. Natural history of recovery from brain injury after prolonged disorders of consciousness: outcome of patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation with 1-4 year follow-up. Progress in Brain Research 2009;177:73–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luauté J, Maucort-Boulch D, Tell L, Quelard F, Sarraf T, Iwaz J, Boisson D, Fischer C. Long-term outcomes of chronic minimally conscious and vegetative states. Neurology 2010;75:246–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estraneo A, Moretta P, Loreto V, Lanzillo B, Santoro L, Trojano L. Late recovery after traumatic, anoxic, or hemorrhagic long-lasting vegetative state. Neurology 2010;75:239–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakase-Richardson R, Whyte J, Giacino JT, Pavawalla S, Barnett SD, Yablon SA, Sherer M, Kalmar K, Hammond FM, Greenwald B, Horn LJ, Seel R, McCarthy M, Tran J, Walker WC. Longitudinal outcome of patients with disordered consciousness in the NIDRR TBI Model Systems Programs. Journal of Neurotrauma 2012;29:59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eilander HJ, van Heugten CM, Wijnen VJ, Croon MA, de Kort PL, Bosch DA, Prevo AJ. Course of recovery and prediction of outcome in young patients in a prolonged vegetative or minimally conscious state after severe brain injury: an exploratory study. Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 2013;6:73–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia AN, Shah MA, Dixon CE, Wagner AK, Kline AE. Biologic and plastic effects of experimental traumatic brain injury treatment paradigms and their relevance to clinical rehabilitation. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2011;3:S18–27.
   Google Scholar
• Andruszkow H, Deniz E, Urner J, Probst C, Grun O, Lohse R, Frink M, Krettek C, Zeckey C, Hildebrand F. Physical and psychological long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury in children and adult patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2014;12:26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal 1965;14:61–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eilander HJ, van de Wiel M, Wijers M, van Heugten CM, Buljevac D, Lavrijsen JCM, Hoenderdaal PL, de Letter-van der Heide L, Wijnen VJM, Scheirs JG, de Kort PL, Prevo AJ. The reliability and validity of the PALOC-s: a post-acute level of consciousness scale for assessment of young patients with prolonged disturbed consciousness after brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilittion 2009;19:1–27.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews K. International Working Party on the Management of the Vegetative State: summary report. Brain Injury 1996;10:797–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansell BJ, Keenan JE, de la Rocha O. Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile; a tool for assessing slow-to-recover head-injured patients. Tustin, (CA): Western Neuro Care Centre; 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Whyte J, Gosseries O, Chervoneva I, DiPasquale MC, Giacino J, Kalmar K, Katz DI, Novak P, Long D, Childs N, Mercer W, Maurer P, Eifert B. Predictors of short-term outcome in brain-injured patients with disorders of consciousness. Progress in Brain Research 2009;177:63–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geurtsen GJ, van Heugten CM, Martina JD, Rietveld AC, Meijer R, Geurts AC. A prospective study to evaluate a residential community reintegration program for patients with chronic acquired brain injury. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2011;92:696–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heutink M, Eilander HJ, de Kort PLM, Schouten EJ. Langdurig bewustzijnsverlies na ernstig traumatisch hersenletsel bij kinderen en jongeren in Nederland: Incidentie, Vroege Intensieve Neurorevalidatie en langetermijn-functioneren. (Prolonged loss of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents in the Netherlands: incidence, early intensive neurorehabilitation and long-term functioning.) [In Dutch] Tijdschrift voor Neuropsychologie 2007;2:10–19.
   Google Scholar
• Lavrijsen JCM, van den Bosch JSG, Koopmans RTCM, van Weel C. Prevalence and characteristics of patients in a vegetative state in Dutch nursing homes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2005;76:1420–1424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Erp WL, Lavrijsen JCM, Vos PE, van de Laar FA, Laureys S, Koopmans RTCM. The vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a systematic review of prevalence studies. European Journal of Neurology 2014;21:1361–1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Erp WS, Lavrijsen JC, Vos PE, Bor H, Laureys S, Koopmans RT. The vegetative state: prevalence, misdiagnosis, and treatment limitations. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2015;16:e9–e14.
   Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Kalmar K. Diagnostic and prognostic guidelines for the vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2005;15:166–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonardi M, Covelli V, Giovannetti AM, Raggi A, Sattin D. ICF-DOC: the ICF dedicated checklist for evaluating functioning and disability in people with disorders of consciousness. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 2014;37:197–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willems M, Sattin D, Vingerhoets AJ, Leonardi M. Longitudinal changes in functioning and disability in patients with disorders of consciousness: the importance of environmental factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2015;12:3707–3730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Porta F, Caselli S, Ianes AB, Cameli O, Lino M, Piperno R, Sighinolfi A, Lombardi F, Tennant A. Can we scientifically and reliably measure the level of consciousness in vegetative and minimally conscious states? Rasch analysis of the coma recovery scale-revised. Archives of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation 2013;94:527–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar