Point vowel duration in children with hearing aids and cochlear implants at 4 and 5 years of age

References

• Angelocci, A. A., Kopp, G. A., & Holbrook, A. (1964). The vowel formants of deaf and normal-hearing eleven- to fourteen-year-old boys. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 29(2), 156–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blamey, P. J., Sarant, J. Z., Paatsch, L. E., Barry, J. G., Bow, C. P., Wales, R. J., Wright, M., Psarros, C., Rattigan, K., & Tooher, R. (2001). Relationships among speech perception, production, language, hearing loss, and age in children with impaired hearing. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 264–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blech, A., Springer, L., & Kröger, B. J. (2007). Perceptual and acoustic analysis of vowel productions in words and pseudo words in children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech. In Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS ’07). (pp. 2013–2016). Saarbrücken, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2009). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.0.09) [Computer software]. Amsterdam: Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Burkholder, R. A., & Pisoni, D. B. (2003). Speech timing and working memory in profoundly deaf children after cochlear implantation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 85, 63–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor, C. M., Craig, H. K., Raudenbush, S. W., Heavner, K., & Zwolan, T. A. (2006). The age at which young deaf children receive cochlear implants and their vocabulary and speech production growth: Is there and added value for early implantation? Ear and Hearing, 27(6), 628–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, C. M., Cleary, M., Pisoni, D. B., & Carter, A. K. (2004). Imitation of nonwords by hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants: Segmental analysis. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 18(1), 39–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donegan, P. (2002). Normal vowel development. In M. J. Ball & F. E. Gibbon ( Eds.), Vowel Disorders (pp. 1–36). Woodburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, L., & Dunn, L. M. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Third Edition). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer, C. H., Robb, M. P., O‘Beirne, G. A., & Gilbert, H. R. (2009). The influence of speaking rate on nasality in the speech of hearing-impaired individuals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 1321–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engen, T., Engen, E. A., Clarkson, R. L., & Blackwell, P. M. (1983). Discrimination of intonation by hearing-impaired children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 4, 149–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, L., Ertmer, D. J., & Erdle, C. (2002). Changes in speech production in a child with a cochlear implant: Acoustic and kinematic evidence. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 891–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertmer, D. J. , & Inniger, K. J. (2009). Characteristics of the transition to spoken words in two young cochlear implant recipients. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 1579–1594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House, A. S. (1961). On vowel duration in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 33(9), 1174–1178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobson, R., Fant, G., & Halle, M. (1952/1963). Preliminaries to speech analysis: The distinctive features and their correlates. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kent, R. D. (1976). Anatomical and neuromuscular maturation of the speech mechanism: Evidence from acoustic studies. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19, 421–447.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kent, R. D., & Forner, L. L. (1980). Speech segment durations in sentence recitations by children and adults. Journal of Phonetics, 8, 157–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent, R. D., Miolo, G., & Bloedel, S. L. (1992, November). Measuring and assessing the intelligibility of children’s speech. Miniseminar presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, San Antonio, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Klatt, D. H. (1976). Linguistic uses of segmental duration in English: Acoustic and perceptual evidence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 59(5), 1208–1221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Potamianos, A., & Narayanan, S. (1999). Acoustics of children’s speech: Developmental changes of temporal and spectral parameters. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105(3), 1455–1468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberman, A. M., Delattre, P. C., & Cooper, F. S. (1952). The role of selected stimulus variables in the perception of unvoiced stop consonants. American Journal of Psychology, 65, 497–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20, 384–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarr, N. (1987). Communication skills of hearing-impaired children in schools for the deaf. In H. Levitt, N. McGarr, & D. Geffner (Eds.), Development of language & communication in hearing impaired children: ASHA Monograph 26 (pp. 91–107). Rockville, MD: ASHA.
   Google Scholar
• Metz, D. E., Samar, V. J., & Schiavetti, N. (1990). Acoustic dimensions of hearing-impaired speakers’ intelligibility. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 33, 476–487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyamoto, R. T., Kirk, K. I., Robbins, A. M., Todd, S., & Riley, A. (1996). Speech perception and speech production skills of children with multichannel cochlear implants. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 116(2), 240–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, M. P. (2000). Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics, 106(3), e43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, M. P., Hoover, B., Putman, C., Arbataitis, K., Bohnenkamp, G., Peterson, B., Wood, S., Lewis, D., Pittman, A., & Stelmachowicz, P. (2007). Vocalizations of infants with hearing loss compared with infants with normal hearing: Part I – Phonetic development. Ear and Hearing, 28(5), 605–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, M. P., McCleary, E., Putman, C., Tyler-Krings, A., Hoover, B., & Stelmachowicz, P. (2010). Longitudinal development of phonology and morphology in children with late-identified mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Ear and Hearing, 31(5), 625–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsen, R. B. (1974). Durational aspect of vowel production in the speech of deaf children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 17, 386–398.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moodie, K. S., Seewald, R. C., & Sinclair, S. T. (1994). Procedure for predicting real-ear hearing aid performance in young children. American Journal of Audiology, 3, 23–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neumeyer, V., Harrington, J., & Draxler, C. (2010). An acoustic analysis of the vowel space in young and old cochlear-implant speakers. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 24(9), 734–741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niparko, J. K., Tobey, E. A., Thal, D. J., Eisenberg, L. S., Wang, N. -Y., Quittner, A. L., & Fink, N. E. (2010). Spoken language development in children following cochlear implantation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(15), 1498–1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oller, D. K. (2000). The emergence of the speech capacity. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Osberger, M. J., & Levitt, H. (1979). The effect of timing errors on the intelligibility of deaf children’s speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 66(5), 1316–1324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osberger, M. J., Maso, M., Sam, , & L. K. (1993). Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants, tactile aids, or hearing aids. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 186–203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pisoni, D., & Geers, A. (2000). Working memory in deaf children with cochlear implants: Correlations between digit span and measures of spoken language. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, 185, 92–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, S. R., & Tye-Murray, N. (2008). Speech impairment secondary to hearing loss. In M. McNeil, ( Ed.), The clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders (2nd ed., pp. 204–235). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, G. D., & Ingham, J. C. (2000). Acoustic duration changes associated with two types of treatment for children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43, 965–978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb, M. P., Bleile, K. M., & Yee, S. S. L. (1999). A phonetic analysis of vowel errors during the course of treatment. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 13(4), 309–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb, M. P., & Saxman, J. H. (1990). Syllable durations of preword and early word vocalizations. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 583–593.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen, S. (1992). Temporal information in speech: Acoustic, auditory and linguistic aspects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 336, 367–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryalls, J., & Larouche, A. (1992). Acoustic integrity of speech production in children with moderate and severe hearing impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 88–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seewald, R. C., Cornelisse, L. E., Ramji, K. V., Sinclair, S. T., Moodie, K. S., & Jamieson, D. G. (1997). DSL 4.1 for Windows. London, ON: Hearing Health Care Research Unit, University of Western Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Setter, J., Stojanovik, V., van Ewijk, L., & Moreland, M. (2007). Pitch range and vowel duration in the speech of children with Williams syndrome. In Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS ’07) (pp. 1337–1340). Saarbrücken, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Smit, A. B., & Bernthal, J. E. (1983). Voicing contrasts and their phonological implications in the speech of articulation-disordered children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 26, 486–500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, B. L. (1978). Temporal aspects of English speech production: A developmental perspective. Journal of Phonetics, 6, 37–67.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C. R. (1975). Residual hearing and speech production in deaf children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 18, 795–811.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snow, D., & Ertmer, D. (2009). The development of intonation in young children with cochlear implants: A preliminary study of the influence of age at implantation and length of implant experience. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 23(9), 665–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, K. N., Nickerson, R. S., & Rollins, A. M. (1983). Suprasegmental and postural aspects of speech production and their effect on articulatory skills and intelligibility. In I. Hochberg, H. Levitt, M. J. Osberger (Eds.), Speech of the hearing impaired: Research, training, and personnel preparation (pp. 35–51). Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tobey, E. A., Geers, A. E., Brenner, C., Altuna, D., & Gabbert, G. (2003). Factors associated with development of speech production skills in children implanted by age five. Ear and Hearing, 24(1S), 36S–45S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomblin, J. B., Spencer, L., Flock, S., Tyler, R., & Gantz, B. (1999). A comparison of language achievement in children with cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 42, 497–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tye-Murray, N., Spencer, L., Bedia, E. G., & Woodworth, G. (1996). Differences in children’s sound production when speaking with a cochlear implant turned on and turned off. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 604–610.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uchanski, R. M., & Geers, A. E. (2003). Acoustic characteristics of the speech of young cochlear implant users: A comparison with normal-hearing age-mates. Ear and Hearing, 24(1S), 90S–105S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umeda, N. (1975). Vowel duration in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 58(2), 434–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorperian, H. K., & Kent, R. D. (2007). Vowel acoustic space development in children: A synthesis of acoustic and anatomic data. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 1510–1545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weismer, G., Dinnsen, D., & Elbert, M. (1981). A study of the voicing distinction associated with omitted, word-final stops. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 46, 320–328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Sedey, A. L., Coulter, D. K., & Mehl, A. L. (1998). Language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics, 102(5), 1161–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zajac, D. J., Harris, A. A., Roberts, J. E., & Martin, G. E. (2009). Direct magnitude estimation of articulation rate in boys with fragile X syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52(5), 1370–1379.
   Google Scholar