REFERENCES
- Ridley H. Intra-ocular acrylic lenses: a recent development in the surgery of cataract. Br J Ophthalmol 1952;36:113--122
- Steinert RF, editor. Cataract surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2009
- Strampelli B. Sopportabilita di lenti acriliche in camera anteriore nella afachia e nei vizi di refrazione. Ann Oftalmol Clin Oculist 1954;80:5–82
- Choyce DP. Discussion to Barraquer: anterior chamber plastic lenses. Results of and conclusions from five years experience. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1959;79:393--494
- Choyce DP. Recollections of the early days of intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 1990;16:505–508
- Ridley F. Safety requirements for acrylic implants. Br J Ophthalmol 1957;41:359
- Binkhorst CD, Gobin MH. Pseudophakia after lens injury in children. Ophthalmologica 1967;154:81–87
- Apple DJ, Mamalis N, Loftfield K, Googe JM, Novak LC, Kavka-Van Norman D, et al. Complications of intraocular lenses. A historical and histopathological review. Surv Ophthalmol 1984;29:1–54
- Epstein E. Use of soft lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 1990;16:779
- Mehta K, Sathe S, Karyekar S. The new soft intraocular lens implant. J Am Intraocul Implant Soc 1978;4:200--205
- Epstein E. History of intraocular lens implant surgery. In: Mazzocico TRRG, Epstein E, editors. Soft implant lenses in cataract surgery. Thorofare (NJ): Slock Inc; 1986
- Apple DJ, Escobar-Gomez M, Zaugg B, Kleinmann G, Borkenstein AF. Modern cataract surgery: unfinished business and unanswered questions. Surv Ophthalmol 2011;56:S3–S53
- Menapace R, Amon M, Radax U. Evaluation of 200 consecutive IOGEL 1103 capsular-bag lenses implanted through a small incision. J Cataract Refract Surg 1992;18:252–264
- Menapace R, Yalon M. Exchange of IOGEL hydrogel one-piece foldable intraocular lens for bag-fixated J-loop poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 1993;19:425–430
- Levy JH, Pisacano AM, Anello RD. Displacement of bag-placed hydrogel lenses into the vitreous following neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1990;16:563–566
- Werner L, Apple DJ, Escobar-Gomez M, Öhrström A, Crayford BB, Bianchi R, et al. Postoperative deposition of calcium on the surfaces of a hydrogel intraocular lens. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2179–2185
- Werner L, Apple DJ, Kaskaloglu M, Pandey SK. Dense opacification of the optical component of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens: a clinicopathological analysis of 9 explanted lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1485–1492
- Werner L, Hunter B, Stevens S, Chew JJL, Mamalis N. Role of silicon contamination on calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:35–43
- Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ. Calcification of modern foldable hydrogel intraocular lens designs. Eye 2003;17:393–406
- Linnola RJ. Sandwich theory: bioactivity-based explanation for posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:1539–1542
- Hollick EJ, Spalton DJ, Ursell PG, Pande MV. Lens epithelial cell regression on the posterior capsule with different intraocular lens materials. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:1182–1188
- Hollick EJ, Spalton DJ, Ursell PG, Pande MV. Biocompatibility of poly(methyl methacrylate), silicone, and AcrySof intraocular lenses: randomized comparison of the cellular reaction on the anterior lens surface. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:361–366
- Linnola RJ, Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M, Znoiko SL, Apple DJ. Adhesion of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV to intraocular lens materials in pseudophakic human autopsy eyes: part 2: explanted intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1807–1818
- Nishi O, Nishi K, Wickström K. Preventing lens epithelial cell migration using intraocular lenses with sharp rectangular edges. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1543–1549
- Sundelin K, Friberg-Riad Y, Östberg A, Sjöstrand J. Posterior capsule opacification with AcrySof and poly(methyl methacrylate) intraocular lenses: comparative study with a 3-year follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1586–1590
- Abela-Formanek C, Amon M, Schauersberger J, Kruger A, Nepp J, Schild G. Results of hydrophilic acrylic, hydrophobic acrylic, and silicone intraocular lenses in uveitic eyes with cataract: comparison to a control group. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002;28:1141–1152
- Kohnen T, Allen D, Boureau C, Dublineau P, Hartmann C, Mehdorn E, et al. European Multicenter Study of the AcrySof ReSTOR Apodized Diffractive Intraocular Lens. Ophthalmology 2006;113:578–584
- Nixon DR, Apple DJ. Evaluation of lens epithelial cell migration in vivo at the haptic-optic junction of a one-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;142:557–562
- Toto L, Falconio G, Vecchiarino L, Scorcia V, Di Nicola M, Ballone E, et al. Visual performance and biocompatibility of 2 multifocal diffractive IOLs: six-month comparative study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007;33:1419–1425
- Zemaitiene R, Jasinskas V, Auffarth GU. Influence of three-piece and single-piece designs of two sharp-edge optic hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification: a prospective, randomised, long-term clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:644–648
- Brar GS, Grewal DS, Ram J, Singla M, Grewal SPS. Square-edge polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens design for reducing posterior capsule opacification following paediatric cataract surgery: initial experience. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008;36:625–630
- Leaming DV. Practice styles and preferences of ASCRS members—2003 survey. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:892–900
- Scatena LF, Brown MG, Richmond GL. Water at hydrophobic surfaces: weak hydrogen bonding and strong orientation effects. Science 2001;292:908–912
- Feng L, Li S, Li Y, Li H, Zhang L, Zhai J, et al. Super-hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial. Adv Mater 2002;14:1857–1860
- Ma M, Hill RM. Superhydrophobic surfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2006;11:193–202
- Cao L, Hu H-H, Gao D. Design and fabrication of micro-textures for inducing a superhydrophobic behavior on hydrophilic materials. Langmuir 2007;23:4310–4314
- Sugimura H, Ushiyama K, Hozumi A, Takai O. Micropatterning of alkyl- and fluoroalkylsilane self-assembled monolayers using vacuum ultraviolet light. Langmuir 2000;16:885–888
- Scales J. Discussion on metals and synthetic materials in relation to tissues; tissue reactions to synthetic materials. Proc R Soc Med 1953;46:647–652
- Krause S, Gormley JJ, Roman N, Shetter JA, Watanabe WH. Glass temperatures of some acrylic polymers. J Polym Sci A 1965;3:3573–3586
- Miyata A, Yaguchi S. Equilibrium water content and glistenings in acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:1768–1772
- Stevenson WTK, Sefton MV. The equilibrium water content of some thermoplastic hydroxyalkyl methacrylate polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 1988;36:1541–1553
- McQuarrie DA, Simon JD. Physical chemistry: a molecular approach. Sausalito: University Science Books; 1997
- Omar O, Pirayesh A, Mamalis N, Olson RJ. In vitro analysis of AcrySof intraocular lens glistenings in AcryPak and Wagon Wheel packaging. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:107–113
- Werner L. Glistenings and surface light scattering in intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010;36:1398–1420
- Ong MD, Callaghan TA, Pei R, Karakelle M. Etiology of surface light scattering on hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38:1833–1844
- Tetz M, Werner L, Schwahn-Bendig S, Batlle JF. A prospective clinical study to quantify glistenings in a new hydrophobic acrylic lOL; Poster presented at: American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Symposium on Cataract, IOL, and Refractive Surgery; April 3--8, 2009; San Francisco, CA, USA
- Ballin N. Glistenings in injection-molded lens. J Am Intraocul Implant Soc 1984;10:473
- Dhaliwal DK, Mamalis N, Olson RJ, Crandall AS, Zimmerman P, Alldredge OC, et al. Visual significance of glistenings seen in the AcrySof intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 1996;22:452–457
- Chehade M, Elder MJ. Intraocular lens materials and styles: a review. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1997;25:255–263
- Nishihara H, Kageyama T, Ohnishi T, Koike M, Imai M, Shibuya A, et al. Glistenings in lathe-cut acrylic intraocular lens. Ganka Shujutsu 2000;13:227–230
- Davison JA. Clinical performance of alcon SA30AL and SA60AT single-piece acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002;28:1112–1123
- Miyata A, Suzuki K, Boku C, Kinohira Y, Aramaki T, Ando M, et al. Glistening particles on the implanted acrylic intraocular lens [Japanese]. Rinsho Ganka 1997;51:729–732
- Peetermans E, Hennekes R. Long-term results of wagon wheel packed acrylic intra-ocular lenses (AcrySof). Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 1999;271:45–48
- Christiansen G, Durcan FJ, Olson RJ, Christiansen K. Glistenings in the AcrySof intraocular lens: pilot study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:728–733
- Werner L, Storsberg J, Mauger O, Brasse K, Gerl R, Müller M, et al. Unusual pattern of glistening formation on a 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008;34:1604–1609
- Langer R, Tirrell DA. Designing materials for biology and medicine. Nature [10.1038/nature02388] 2004;428:487–492
- Cook CS, Peiffer RL Jr, Mazzocco TR. Clinical and pathologic evaluation of a flexible silicone posterior chamber lens design in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg 1986;12:130–134
- Blume I, Schwering PJF, Mulder MHV, Smolders CA. Vapour sorption and permeation properties of poly (dimethylsiloxane) films. J Memb Sci 1991;61:85–97
- Werner L, Müller M, Tetz M. Evaluating and defining the sharpness of intraocular lenses: microedge structure of commercially available square-edged hydrophobic lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008;34:310–317
- Buehl W, Menapace R, Findl O, Neumayer T, Bolz M, Prinz A. Long-term effect of optic edge design in a silicone intraocular lens on posterior capsule opacification. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143:913–919
- Hayashi H, Hayashi K, Nakao F, Hayashi F. Quantitative comparison of posterior capsule opacification after polymethylmethacrylate, silicone, and soft acrylic intraocular lens implantation. Arch Ophthalmol-Chic 1998;116:1579–1582
- Cunanan MC, Tarbaux MN, Knight MP. Surface properties of intraocular lens materials and their influence on in vitro cell adhesion. J Cataract Refract Surg 1991;17:767–773
- Milauskas AT. SIlicone intraocular lens implant discoloration in humans-reply. Arch Ophthalmol-Chic 1991;109:1057
- Nimoy M. SIlicone intraocular lens implant discoloration in humans. Arch Ophthalmol-Chic 1991;109:1057
- Koch Dd HLE. Discoloration of silicone intraocular lenses. Arch Ophthalmol-Chic 1992;110:319–320
- Stringham J, Werner L, Monson B, Theodosis R, Mamalis N. Calcification of different designs of silicone intraocular lenses in eyes with asteroid hyalosis. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1486–1492
- Allarakhia L, Knoll RL, Lindstrom RL. Soft intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 1987;13:607–620
- Tehrani M, Dick HB, Wolters B, Pakula T, Wolf E. Material properties of various intraocular lenses in an experimental study. Ophthalmologica 2004;218:57–63
- Amon M, Menapace R. In vivo documentation of cellular reactions on lens surfaces for assessing the biocompatibility of different intraocular implants. Eye 1994;8:649–656
- Nanavaty MA, Spalton DJ, Boyce J, Brain A, Marshall J. Edge profile of commercially available square-edged intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008;34:677–686
- Werner L, Tetz M, Feldmann I, Bücker M. Evaluating and defining the sharpness of intraocular lenses: microedge structure of commercially available square-edged hydrophilic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35:556–566
- McIntyre S, Werner L, Mamalis N. Hydrophobic Acrylic IOLs: a primer. Cataract Refract Surg Today Europe 2011
- Abela-Formanek C, Amon M, Schild G, Schauersberger J, Heinze G, Kruger A. Uveal and capsular biocompatibility of hydrophilic acrylic, hydrophobic acrylic, and silicone intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002;28:50–61
- Santos BA, Pastora R, DelMonte MA, O'Donnell FE Jr. Comparative study of the effects of optic design on lens epithelium in vitro. J Cataract Refract Surg 1987;13:127–130
- Nagata T, Watanabe I. Optic sharp edge or convexity: comparison of effects on posterior capsular opacification. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1996;40:397--403
- Yamada K, Nagamoto T, Yozawa H, Kato K, Kurosaka D, Bissen Miyajima H, et al. Effect of intraocular lens design on posterior capsule opacification after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1995;21:697–700
- Nagamoto T, Eguchi G. Effect of intraocular lens design on migration of lens epithelial cells onto the posterior capsule. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:866–872
- Nishi O, Nishi K. Preventing posterior capsule opacification by creating a discontinuous sharp bend in the capsule. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:521–526
- Tetz M, Wildeck A. Evaluating and defining the sharpness of intraocular lenses: part 1: influence of optic design on the growth of the lens epithelial cells in vitro. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005;31:2172–2179
- Tetz MR, Werner L. Evolution of IOL Materials: Do we have a gold standard yet? Presented at: Asia-Pacific Association of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons Symposium on IOL Issues and Advances; July 13, 2013; Singapore
- Packer M, Fry L, Lavery KT, Lehmann R, McDonald J, Nichamin L, et al. Safety and effectiveness of a glistening-free single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (enVista). Clin Ophthalmol 2013;7:1905--1912
- Personal communication, Bausch and Lomb 2013
- Cumming JS. Surgical complications and visual acuity results in 536 cases of plate haptic silicone lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 1993;19:275–277
- Mentak K, Martin P, Elachchabi A, Goldberg E, editors. Nanoindentation studies on hydrophobic acrylic IOLs to evaluate surface mechanical properties. XXV Congress of the European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS); 2007
- Mentak K, Aldred M, inventors. A non-or reduced glistenings intraocular lens and method of manufacturing same. WO Patent 2,007,142,782, assignee; 2007
- Richardson GA. Intraocular lens. EP Patent 2,552,351; 2013
- Bausch and Lomb enVista hydrophobic acrylic IOL directions for use, contained in product packaging. Retreived from: http://bauschusstg.valeantonline.com/Portals/31/-/m/BL/Global/dfu/4099502.pdf
- Packer M, Rajan M, Ligabue E, Heiner P. Clinical properties of a novel, glistening-free, single-piece, hydrophobic acrylic IOL. Clin Ophthalmol 2014;8:421--427
- Heiner P. Early experience of a new hydrophobic lens [poster]. Chicago (IL): APAO; 2012
- Ollerton A, Werner L, Fuller SR, Kavoussi SC, McIntyre JS, Mamalis N. Evaluation of a new single-piece 4% water content hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in the rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012;38:1827–1832