References
- Bentley A M, Meng Q, Robinson D S, Hamid Q, Kay A B, Durham S R. Increases in activated lymphocytes, eosinophils and cytokine mRNA expression for interleukin-5 and granulocyte/macrophages colony-stimulating factor in bronchial biopsies after allergen inhalation challenge in atopic asthmatics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1993; 8: 35–42
- Corrigan C J, Hartnell A, Kay A B. T-lymphocyte activation in acute severe asthma. Lancet 1988; 1: 1129–1132
- Spry C JF, Kay A B, Gleich G J. Eosinophils 1992. Immunol Today 1992; 13: 384–388
- Gleich G J. The eosinophil and bronchial asthma: Current understanding. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990; 85: 422–436
- Bentley A M, Menz G, Stor C HR, et al. Identification of T-lymphocytes, macrophages and activated eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa in intinsic asthma. Relationship to symptoms and bronchial responsiveness. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 500–506
- Berman J S, Weller P F. Airway eosinophils and lymphocytes in asthma: Bird or feather?. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 1246–1248
- Kay A B, Shin H S, Austen K F. Selective attraction of eosinophils and synergism between eosinophils chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) and a fragment cleaved from the fifth component of complement (C5a). Immunology 1973; 24: 969–974
- Wardlaw A J, Moqbel R, Kay A B. Platelet-activating factor: A potent chemotactic and chemochinetic factor of human eosinoiphils. J Clin Invest 1989; 78: 1701–1706
- Sehmi R, Cromwell O, Taylor G W, Kay A B. Identification of a guinea pig eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis as leukotriene B4 and 8(S)15(S)-dihydroxy-5,9,13 (Z.E.Z.E.)-eicosatetranoic acid. J Immunol 1991; 147: 2276–2283
- Robinson D S, Hamid Q, Ying S, et al. Predominant Th2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocytes population in atopic asthma. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 298–304
- Wierenga E A, Backx B, Snoek M, Koendermann L, Kapsenberg M L. Relative contribution of human types 1 and 2 T-helper eosinophilotrophic cytokines to development of eosinophilia. Blood 1993; 82: 147–179
- Sehmi R, Wardlaw A J, Cromwell O, Kurihara K, Waltmann P, Kay A B. Interleukin-5 selectively enhances the chemotactic response of eosinophils obtained from normal but not eosinophilic subjects. Blood 1992; 79: 2952–2959
- Warringa R AJ, Koendermann L, Kok P TM, Kreukniet J, Bruijinzeel P BL. Modulation and induction of eosinophils chemotaxis by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3. Blood 1991; 77: 2694–2700
- Clutterbuck E J, Hirst E MA, Sanderson C J. Human interleukin-5 (IL-5) regulates the production of eosinophils in human bone marrow cultures: comparison and interaction with IL-1, IL-3, IL-6 and GMCSF. Blood 1989; 73: 1504–1512
- Ebisawa M, Liu M C, Yamada T, et al. Eosinophils transendothelial migration induced by cytokines. II. Potentiation of eosinophil transendothelial migration by eosinophil-active cytokines. J Immunol 1994; 152: 4590–4596
- Parish W E, Luckhurst E. Eosinophils. VI. Spontaneous synthesis of chemochinetic, chemotactic, complement receptor-inducing activities for eosinophils by bronchial T-lymphocytes of asthmatic-bronchitis patients. Clin Allergy 1982; 12: 475–480
- Rand T H, Cruikshank W W, Center D M, Weller P F. CD4-mediated stimulation of human eosinophils: Lymphocyte chemoattractant factor and other CD4-binding ligands elicit eosinophils migration. J Exp Med 1991; 173: 1521–1528
- Holt P. Developmental immunology and host defense: Kinetics of postnatal maturation of immune competence as a potential etiobgic factor in early childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 511((S2))11–13
- Parronchi P, Macchia D, Piccinni M-P, et al. Allergen-and bacterial antigen-specific T-cell clones established from atopic donors show a different profile of cytokine production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 4538–4542
- Burastero S E, Fenoglio D, Crimi E, Brusasco V, Rossi G A. Frequency of allergen specific T-lymphocytes in blood and bronchial response to allergen in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 91: 1075–1081
- Rossi G A, Zocchi E, Sacco O, Balbi B, Ravazzoni C, Dmiani G. Alveolar macrophages stimulation of T cell proliferation in autologous mixed leukocyte reaction. Role of HLA-DR antigens. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 1: 78–82
- Gartner I. Separation of human eosinophils in density gradients of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica gel (Percoll). Immunology 1980; 40: 133–136
- Falk W, Goodwin R H, Leonard E J. A 48-well micro-chemotaxis assembly for rapid and accurate measurement of leukocyte migration. J Immunol Methods 1980; 33: 239–247
- Brusasco V, Crimi E, Gianiorio P, Lantero S, Rossi G A. Allergen-induced increase in airway responsiveness and inflammation in mild asthma. J Appl Physiol 1990; 69: 2209–2214
- Rochester C L, Ranking J A. Is asthma T-cell mediated?. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 1005–1007
- Azzawi M, Bradley B, Jeffery P K, et al. Identification of activated T-lymphocytes and eosinophils in bronchial biopsies in stable atopic asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 1407–1413
- Rand T H, Silberstein D S, Kornfeld H, Weller P F. Human eosinophils express functional IL-2 receptors. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 825–830
- Plaut M, Pierce J H, Watson C J, Hanley-Hide J, Nordan R P, Paul W E. Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross linkage of Fce RI or to calcium ionophore. Nature 1989; 339: 64–67
- Moqbel R, Hamid Q, Ying S. Expression of mRNA and immunoreactivity for granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in activated human eosinophils. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 749–752
- Gerblich A A, Salik H, Schuyler M R. Dynamic T-cell changes in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage after antigen bronchoprovocation in asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 143: 533–537
- Gavett S H, Chen X, Finkelman F, Wills-Karp M. Depletion of murine CD4+ T lymphocytes prevents antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary eosinophilia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 10: 587–593
- Hassan J, Reen D J. Neonatal CD4+ CD45RA+T-cells: Precursors of adult CD4+ CD45RA+T-cells. Res Immunol 1993; 144: 87–92
- Smith J B, Kunjummen R D, Raghavender B H. Eosinophils and neutrophils of human neonates have similar impairments of quantitative upregulation of MAC-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression in vitro. Pediatr Res, 30: 355–361
- Rielder J, Grigg J, Stone C, Tauro G, Robertson C F. Bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity in healthy children. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 152: 163–168
- Ratjen F, Bredendiek M, Zheng L, Brendel M, Costabel U. Lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children without bronchopulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995; 152: 174–178
- Van Asperen P P, Kemp A S. The natural history of IgE sensitivation and atopic disease in early childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand 1989; 78: 239–245
- Holt P G. Immunoprophylaxis of atopy: Light at the end of the tunnel?. Immunol Today 1994; 15: 484–489
- Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Bjorksten B. Clinical symptoms and IgE responses to common proteins and inhalants in the first 7 years of life. Clin Allergy 1987; 17: 571–578
- Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Bjorksten B. Appearance IgE antibodies to ingested and inhaled allergens during the first 12 years of life in atopic and non-atopic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1993; 4: 182–186
- Hamid Q, Azzawi M, Ying S, et al. Expression of mRNA for interleukin-5 in mucosal bronchial biopsies from asthmatics. J Clin Invest 1991; 87: 1541–1546
- Linden M, Brattsand R. Effects of a corticosteoid on alveolar macrophage and blood monocyte secretion of cytokines: Differential sensitivity of GM-CSF, IL-1β and IL-6. Pulmonary Pharmacol 1994; 7: 43–47
- Gerblich A A, Salik H, Schuyler M R. Dynamic T-cell changes in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage after antigen bronchoprovocation in asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 553
- Burastero S E, Casorati G, Dellabona P, Crimi E, Brusasco V, Rossi G A. Recruitment of alpha/beta T lymphocytes in the lung after antigenic bronchial provocation in asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1994; 7((suppl))159A