Clinical impact of potentially inappropriate medications during hospitalization of acutely ill older patients with multimorbidity

References

• Nyborg G, Straand J, Brekke M. Inappropriate prescribing for the elderly: a modern epidemic? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012;68:1085–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman A, Olsson J, Carlsten A, Waern M, Fastbom J. Evaluation of the quality of drug therapy among elderly patients in nursing homes. Scand J Prim Health Care 2007;25:9–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rognstad S, Brekke M, Fetveit A, Spigset O, Wyller TB, Straand J. The Norwegian General Practice (NORGEP) criteria for assessing potentially inappropriate prescriptions to elderly patients: A modified Delphi study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2009;27:153–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakken MS, Ranhoff AH, Engeland A, Ruths S. Inappropriate prescribing for older people admitted to an intermediate-care nursing home unit and hospital wards. Scand J Prim Health Care 2012;30:169–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltvedt I, Spigset O, Ruths S, Fayers P, Kaasa S, Sletvold O. Patterns of drug prescription in a geriatric evaluation and management unit as compared with the general medical wards: A randomised study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:921–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jyrkka J, Enlund H, Korhonen MJ, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Polypharmacy status as an indicator of mortality in an elderly population. Drugs Aging 2009;26:1039–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D, Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D. The effects of polypharmacy in older adults. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:86–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klarin I, Wimo A, Fastbom J. The association of inappropriate drug use with hospitalisation and mortality: A population-based study of the very old. Drugs Aging 2005;22:69–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen LD, Andersen O, Hallin M, Petersen J. Potentially inappropriate medication related to weakness in older acute medical patients. Int J Clin Pharm 2014;36:570–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinewine A, Schmader KE, Barber N, Hughes C, Lapane KL, Swine C, Hanlon JT. Appropriate prescribing in elderly people: How well can it be measured and optimised? Lancet 2007;370:173–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braekhus A, Laake K, Engedal K, Braekhus A, Laake K, Engedal K. The Mini-Mental State Examination: Identifying the most efficient variables for detecting cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992;40:1139–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm AF. The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): A review. Int Psychogeriatr 2004;16:275–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm AF. A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Development and cross-validation. Psychol Med 1994;24:145–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. MD State Med J 1965;14:61–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M. Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test. Phys Ther 2000;80:896–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiratori AP, Iop RD, Borges Junior NG, Domenech SC, Gevaerd MD. Evaluation protocols of hand grip strength in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Rev Bras Reumatol 2014;54:140–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:S1–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvi F, Miller MD, Grilli A, Giorgi R, Towers AL, Morichi V, Spazzafumo L, Mancinelli L, Espinosa E, Rappelli A, Dessi-Fulgheri P. A manual of guidelines to score the Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale and its validation in acute hospitalized elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1926–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Geriatrics Society. Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:616–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis G, Whitehead MA, Robinson D, O’Neill D, Langhorne P. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older adults admitted to hospital: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;343:d6553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viktil KK, Blix HS. The impact of clinical pharmacists on drug-related problems and clinical outcomes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;102:275–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landi F, Russo A, Liperoti R, Cesari M, Barillaro C, Pahor M, Bernabei R, Onder G. Anticholinergic drugs and physical function among frail elderly population. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;81:235–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry E, Woodman RJ, Soiza RL, Hilmer SN, Mangoni AA. Drug burden index, physical function, and adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52:1584–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao YJ, Mager DE, Simonsick EM, Hilmer SN, Ling SM, Windham BG, Crentsil V, Yasar S, Fried LP, Abernethy DR, Cao YJ, Mager DE, Simonsick EM, Hilmer SN, Ling SM, Windham BG, Crentsil V, Yasar S, Fried LP, Abernethy DR. Physical and cognitive performance and burden of anticholinergics, sedatives, and ACE inhibitors in older women. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2008;83:422–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox C, Richardson K, Maidment ID, Savva GM, Matthews FE, Smithard D, Coulton S, Katona C, Boustani MA, Brayne C. Anticholinergic medication use and cognitive impairment in the older population: The Medical Research Council cognitive function and ageing study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:1477–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampela P, Lavikainen P, Garcia-Horsman JA, Bell JS, Huupponen R, Hartikainen S. Anticholinergic drug use, serum anticholinergic activity, and adverse drug events among older people: A population-based study. Drugs Aging 2013;30:321–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersten H, Molden E, Tolo IK, Skovlund E, Engedal K, Wyller TB. Cognitive effects of reducing anticholinergic drug burden in a frail elderly population: A randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013;68:271–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tollefson GD, Montague-Clouse J, Lancaster SP. The relationship of serum anticholinergic activity to mental status performance in an elderly nursing home population. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991;3:314–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoiseth G, Tanum L, Tveito M, Kristiansen KM, Kvande K, Lorentzen B, Refsum H, Bramness J. A clinical study of the cognitive effects of benzodiazepines in psychogeriatric patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013;46:209–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar