Radiation Dose to Patients and Personnel during Fluoroscopy at Percutaneous Renal Stone Extraction

References

• Alm G., Carlsson C., Carlsson A, Persliden J. Energy imparted to the patient in diagnostic radiology. Calculation of conversion factors for determining the energy imparted from measurements of the air collision kerma integrated over beam area. Phys. Med. Biol. 1984; 29: 1329
   Google Scholar
• Bengtsson G., Blomgren P.-G., Bergman K., Åberg L. Patient exposures and radiation risks in Swedish diagnostic radiology. Acta Radiol. Oncology 1978; 17: 81
   Google Scholar
• Bush W. H., Brannen G. E., Gibbons R. P., Correa R. J. J., Elder J. S. Radiation exposure to patient and urologist during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. J. Urol. 1984; 132: 1148
   Google Scholar
• Bush W. H., Jones D., Brannen G. E. Radiation dose to personnel during percutaneous renal calculus removal. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 1985; 145: 1261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson C. Integral absorbed doses in roentgen diagnostic procedures. II. Measurement of integral doses in two roentgen diagnostic departments. Acta Radiol. Ther. Phys. Biol. 1965; 3: 384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayman R. V., Castaneda-Zuniga W. Nephrolithotomy. Percutaneous removal of renal calculi. Urol. Radiol. 1984; 6: 95
   Google Scholar
• Faulkner K., Moores B. M. An assessment of the radiation dose received by staff using fluoroscopic equipment. Brit. J. Urol. 1982; 55: 272
   Google Scholar
• Gustafsson M., Lunderquist A. Personnel exposure to radiation at some angiographic procedures. Radiology 1981; 140: 807
   Google Scholar
• Huda W., Sandison G. A. The use of the effective dose equivalent, HE, as a risk parameter in computed tomography. Brit. J. Radiol. 1986; 59: 1236
   Google Scholar
• International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Recommendations of the ICRP. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1977; volume 1, Publication No. 26. Annals of the ICRP, number 3
   Google Scholar
• International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Statement from the 1978 Stockholm Meeting of the ICRP. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1978; volume 2, Publication No. 28. Annals of the ICRP, number 1
   Google Scholar
• International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Developmental effects of the irradiation on the brains of the embryo and fetus. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1986; volume 16, Publication No. 49. Annals of the ICRP, number 4
   Google Scholar
• Law J. Doses to head and arms of radiologists during fluoroscopy. Brit. J. Radiol. 1985; 58: 187
   Google Scholar
• Rao P. N., Faulkner K., Sweeny J. K., Asbury D. L., Sambrook P., Blacklock N. J. Radiation dose to patient and staff during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. Brit. J. Urol. 1987; 59: 508
   Google Scholar
• Schuwert P., Rudén B.-I. Energy dependence of the response of different kinds of LiF dosimeters to low energy x-rays. National Institute of Radiation Protection, StockholmSweden, Report SSI 1975–037
   Google Scholar
• Shrimpton P. C., Wall B. F. An evaluation of the Diamentor transmission ionisation chamber in indicating exposure-area product (R cm2) during diagnostic radiological examinations. Phys. Med. Biol. 1982; 27: 871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrimpton P. C., Wall B. F., Jones, D. G. et coll. Doses to patients from routine diagnostic x-ray examinations in England. Brit. J. Radiol. 1986; 59: 749
   Google Scholar
• Snyder W. S., Ford M. R., Warner G. G. Estimates of specific absorbed fractions for photon sources uniformly distributed in various organs of a heterogeneous phantom. Society of Nuclear Medicine, New York 1978, MIRD Pamphlet No. 5.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Ionizing radiation. Sources and biological effects. United Nations, New York 1982
   Google Scholar
• Wickham J. E. A., Kellet M. J. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Brit. J. Urol. 1981; 53: 297
   PubMedGoogle Scholar