Risk of recurrence in patients with colon cancer stage II and III: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature

References

• Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, Haller DG, Laurie JA, Goodman PJ, et al. Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1990;322:352–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell MJ, Laurie JA, Kahn M, Fitzgibbons RJ, Jr, Erlichman C, Shepherd L, et al. Prospectively randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-risk colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998;16: 295–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, Navarro M, Tabernero J, Hickish T, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2343–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmoll HJ, Van Cutsem E, Stein A, Valentini V, Glimelius B, Haustermans K, et al. ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making. Ann Oncol 2012;23:2479–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson AB, 3rd, Bekaii-Saab T, Chan E, Chen YJ, Choti MA, Cooper HS, et al. Localized colon cancer, version 3. 2013: Featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 2013;11:519–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labianca R, Nordlinger B, Beretta GD, Mosconi S, Mandala M, Cervantes A, et al. Early colon cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2013;24(Suppl 6):vi64–72.
   Google Scholar
• Danish Colorectal Cancer Group. National guidelines for diagnostic and treatment of colorectal cancer. 2013. [cited 2014 Jan 3]. Available from: http://www.dccg.dk/
   Google Scholar
• Österlund P, Lepistö A, Järvinen HJ. Koolonkarsinooma. Lääkätieteellinen aikakauskirja duodecim 2009;125:619–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helsedirektoratet. Vonen B, Grønlie Guren M, Edna T, Rønning Dørum LM, Klemp M, editors. Nasjonalt handlingsprogram med retningslinjer for diagnostikk, behandling og oppfølging av tykk- og endetarmskreft. 2013. [cited 2014 Feb 19]. Available from: http://www.helsedirektoratet.no/publikasjoner.
   Google Scholar
• Colorectal cancer. Swedish National Care Programme 2008. Regional Cancer Centre, Umea 2008. 2008. [cited 2014 Mar 17]. Available from: http://www.cancercentrum.se/sv/Vardprogram/Kolorektalcancer/.
   Google Scholar
• Gill S, Loprinzi CL, Sargent DJ, Thome SD, Alberts SR, Haller DG, et al. Pooled analysis of fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for stage II and III colon cancer: Who benefits and by how much? J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1797–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueredo A, Coombes ME, Mukherjee S. Adjuvant therapy for completely resected stage II colon cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(3):CD005390.
   Google Scholar
• Sargent D, Sobrero A, Grothey A, O’Connell MJ, Buyse M, Andre T, et al. Evidence for cure by adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: Observations based on individual patient data from 20,898 patients on 18 randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:872–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Q, Andre T, Grothey A, Yothers G, Hamilton SR, Bot BM, et al. Comparison of outcomes after fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for stages II and III colon cancer between 1978 to 1995 and 1996 to 2007: Evidence of stage migration from the ACCENT database. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3656–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjo OH, Merok MA, Svindland A, Nesbakken A. Prognostic impact of lymph node harvest and lymph node ratio in patients with colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2012;55:307–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lykke J, Roikjaer O, Jess P, Danish Colorectal Cancer Group. The relation between lymph node status and survival in Stage I–III colon cancer: Results from a prospective nationwide cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2013;15:559–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews and interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:e1–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson III BA, Bekaii-Saab T, Chan E, Chen YJ, Choti MA, Cooper HS, et al. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN Guidelines) colon cancer. 2013. [cited 2013 Dec 17]. Available from: http://www.nccn.org.
   Google Scholar
• Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52: 377–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy DA, Stern SJ, Matok I, Moretti ME, Sarkar M, Adams-Webber T, et al. Folate intake, MTHFR polymorphisms, and the risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Epidemiol 2012;2012:952508.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naylor K, Ward J, Polite BN. Interventions to improve care related to colorectal cancer among racial and ethnic minorities: A systematic review. J Gen Intern Med 2012; 27:1033–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punt CJ, Buyse M, Kohne CH, Hohenberger P, Labianca R, Schmoll HJ, et al. Endpoints in adjuvant treatment trials: A systematic review of the literature in colon cancer and proposed definitions for future trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:998–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andre T, Quinaux E, Louvet C, Colin P, Gamelin E, Bouche O, et al. Phase III study comparing a semimonthly with a monthly regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for stage II and III colon cancer patients: Final results of GERCOR C96.1. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3732–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andre T, Boni C, Navarro M, Tabernero J, Hickish T, Topham C, et al. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3109–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belt EJ, Brosens RP, Delis-van Diemen PM, Bril H, Tijssen M, van Essen DF, et al. Cell cycle proteins predict recurrence in stage II and III colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19(Suppl 3):S682–92.
   Google Scholar
• Chin CC, Wang JY, Changchien CR, Huang WS, Tang R. Carcinoma obstruction of the proximal colon cancer and long-term prognosis – obstruction is a predictor of worse outcome in TNM stage II tumor. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010;25:817–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YB, Yun SH, Hong JS, Yun HR, Lee WS, Lee WY, et al. Carcinoma obstruction of the left colon and long-term prognosis. Hepatogastroenterology 2008;55:1288–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coco C, Zannoni GF, Caredda E, Sioletic S, Boninsegna A, Migaldi M, et al. Increased expression of CD133 and reduced dystroglycan expression are strong predictors of poor outcome in colon cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012;31:71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derwinger K, Carlsson G, Gustavsson B. A study of lymph node ratio as a prognostic marker in colon cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008;34:771–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding PR, An X, Zhang RX, Fang YJ, Li LR, Chen G, et al. Elevated preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts risk of recurrence following curative resection for stage IIA colon cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010;25: 1427–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faerden AE, Sjo OH, Bukholm IR, Andersen SN, Svindland A, Nesbakken A, et al. Lymph node micrometastases and isolated tumor cells influence survival in stage I and II colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2011;54:200–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina-Sarasqueta A, van Lijnschoten G, Moerland E, Creemers GJ, Lemmens VE, Rutten HJ, et al. The BRAF V600E mutation is an independent prognostic factor for survival in stage II and stage III colon cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2010;21:2396–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Cebrian JM, Nevado Santos M, VorwaldKuborn P, Pardo de Lama M, Martin-Cavanna J, Pacheco Martinez P, et al. Can the clinical outcome in stage II colon carcinomas be predicted by determination of molecular marker expression? Clin Transl Oncol 2007;9:663–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galizia G, Orditura M, Ferraraccio F, Castellano P, Pinto M, Zamboli A, et al. The lymph node ratio is a powerful prognostic factor of node-positive colon cancers undergoing potentially curative surgery. World J Surg 2009;33:2704–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giraldez MD, Lozano JJ, Cuatrecasas M, Alonso-Espinaco V, Maurel J, Marmol M, et al. Gene-expression signature of tumor recurrence in patients with stage II and III colon cancer treated with 5'fluoruracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2013;132:1090–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh JW, Oh BR, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as an independent prognostic factor in potentially curative colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2010;101: 396–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh JW, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Prognostic value of perineural invasion in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:2066–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huh JW, Kim CH, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Factors predicting oncologic outcomes in patients with fewer than 12 lymph nodes retrieved after curative resection for colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2012;105:125–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandemir EG, Mayadagli A, Karagoz B, Bilgi O, Turken O, Yaylaci M. Prognostic significance of thrombocytosis in node-negative colon cancer. J Int Med Res 2005; 33:228–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang J, Hur H, Min BS, Kim NK, Lee KY. Prognostic impact of inferior mesenteric artery lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18:704–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaer-Frifeldt S, Hansen TF, Nielsen BS, Joergensen S, Lindebjerg J, Soerensen FB, et al. The prognostic importance of miR-21 in stage II colon cancer: A population-based study. Br J Cancer 2012;107:1169–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Chang EY, Frankhouse J, Dorsey PB, Lee RG, Johnson N. Combination of microsatellite instability and lymphocytic infiltrate as a prognostic indicator for adjuvant therapy in colon cancer. Arch Surg 2009;144:835–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee HY, Choi HJ, Park KJ, Shin JS, Kwon HC, Roh MS, et al. Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in node-positive colon carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:1712–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mroczkowski P, Schmidt U, Sahm M, Gastinger I, Lippert H, Kube R. Prognostic factors assessed for 15,096 patients with colon cancer in stages I and II. World J Surg 2012;36:1693–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niedzwiecki D, Bertagnolli MM, Warren RS, Compton CC, Kemeny NE, Benson AB, 3rd, et al. Documenting the natural history of patients with resected stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon after random assignment to adjuvant treatment with edrecolomab or observation: Results from CALGB 9581. J Clin Oncol 201;29:3146–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venook AP, Niedzwiecki D, Lopatin M, Ye X, Lee M, Friedman PN, et al. Biologic determinants of tumor recurrence in stage II colon cancer: Validation study of the 12-gene recurrence score in cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB) 9581. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:1775–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh SY, Kim YB, Suh KW, Paek OJ, Moon HY. Prognostic impact of fascin-1 expression is more significant in advanced colorectal cancer. J Surg Res 2012;172:102–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SJ, Lee KY, Kim SY. Clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in stage I and II colon cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2008;40:75–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, Goldberg RM, Hantel A, Thomas JP, et al. Irinotecan fluorouracil plus leucovorin is not superior to fluorouracil plus leucovorin alone as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer: Results of CALGB 89803. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3456–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargent DJ, Resnick MB, Meyers MO, Goldar-Najafi A, Clancy T, Gill S, et al. Evaluation of guanylyl cyclase C lymph node status for colon cancer staging and prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18:3261–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M, Chang P, Li Y, Li D, Overman M, Maru DM, et al. Association of CHFR promoter methylation with disease recurrence in locally advanced colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:4531–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP, AbtM, Burris H, 3rd, Carrato A, et al. Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2696–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Labianca R, Bodoky G, Barone C, Aranda E, Nordlinger B, et al. Randomized phase III trial comparing biweekly infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin alone or with irinotecan in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: PETACC-3. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3117–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth AD, Delorenzi M, Tejpar S, Yan P, Klingbiel D, Fiocca R, et al. Integrated analysis of molecular and clinical prognostic factors in stage II/III colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:1635–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xing X, Peng L, Qu L, Ren T, Dong B, Su X, et al. Prognostic value of PRL-3 overexpression in early stages of colonic cancer. Histopathology 2009;54:309–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan DW, Li DW, Yang YX, Xia J, Wang XL, Zhou CZ, et al. Ubiquitin D is correlated with colon cancer progression and predicts recurrence for stage II–III disease after curative surgery. Br J Cancer 2010;103:961–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yothers G, O’Connell MJ, Allegra CJ, Kuebler JP, Colangelo LH, Petrelli NJ, et al. Oxaliplatin as adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: Updated results of NSABP C-07 trial, including survival and subset analyses. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3768–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaanan A, Flejou JF, Emile JF, Des GG, Cuilliere-Dartigues P, Malka D, et al. Defective mismatch repair status as a prognostic biomarker of disease-free survival in stage III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:7470–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuebler JP, Wieand HS, O’Connell MJ, Smith RE, Colangelo LH, Yothers G, et al. Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: Results from NSABP C-07. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2198–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller DG, Tabernero J, Maroun J, de Braud F, Price T, Van Cutsem E, et al. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil and folinic acid as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1465–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birgisson H, Wallin U, Holmberg L, Glimelius B. Survival endpoints in colorectal cancer and the effect of second primary other cancer on disease free survival. BMC Cancer 2011;11:438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirke P, West NP, Nagtegaal ID. EURECCA consensus conference highlights about colorectal cancer clinical management: The pathologists expert review. Virchows Arch 2014;464:129–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitsche U, Maak M, Schuster T, Kunzli B, Langer R, Slotta-Huspenina J, et al. Prediction of prognosis is not improved by the seventh and latest edition of the TNM classification for colorectal cancer in a single-center collective. Ann Surg 2011;254:793–800; discussion 800–1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutchins G, Southward K, Handley K, Magill L, Beaumont C, Stahlschmidt J, et al. Value of mismatch repair, KRAS, and BRAF mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1261–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertagnolli MM, Redston M, Compton CC, Niedzwiecki D, Mayer RJ, Goldberg RM, et al. Microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity at chromosomal location 18q: Prospective evaluation of biomarkers for stages II and III colon cancer – a study of CALGB 9581 and 89803. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3153–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray RG, Quirke P, Handley K, Lopatin M, Magill L, Baehner FL, et al. Validation study of a quantitative multigene reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for assessment of recurrence risk in patients with stage II colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4611–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinicrope FA, Mahoney MR, Smyrk TC, Thibodeau SN, Warren RS, Bertagnolli MM, et al. Prognostic impact of deficient DNA mismatch repair in patients with stage III colon cancer from a randomized trial of FOLFOX-based adjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3664–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Bazan V, Agnese V, Rodolico V, Gebbia N. Prognostic and predictive factors in colorectal cancer: Kirsten Ras in CRC (RASCAL) and TP53CRC collaborative studies. Ann Oncol 2005;16(Suppl 4):iv44–9.
   Google Scholar
• Gertler R, Rosenberg R, Schuster T, Friess H. Defining a high-risk subgroup with colon cancer stages I and II for possible adjuvant therapy. Eur J Cancer 2009;45: 2992–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar