104
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The interaction between aggrecan gene VNTR polymorphism and cigarette smoking in predicting incident symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration

, , &
Pages 397-403 | Received 19 Apr 2009, Accepted 16 Dec 2009, Published online: 02 Apr 2010

REFERENCES

  • Nemoto, Y., Matsuzaki, H., Tokuhasi, Y., Okawa, A., Uematu, Y., Nishimura, T., and Oda, H. (2006). Histological changes in intervertebral discs after smoking and cessation: Experimental study using a rat passive smoking model. J. Orthop. Sci. 11(2):191–197.
  • Akmal, M., Kesani, A., Anand, B., Singh, A., Wiseman, M., and Goodship, A. (2004). Effect of nicotine on spinal disc cells: A cellular mechanism for disc degeneration. Spine 29(5):568–575.
  • Oda, H., Matsuzaki, H., Tokuhashi, Y., Wakabayashi, K., Uematsu, Y., and Iwahashi, M. (2004). Degeneration of intervertebral discs due to smoking: Experimental assessment in a rat-smoking model. J. Orthop. Sci. 9(2):135–141.
  • Iwahashi, M., Matsuzaki, H., Tokuhashi, Y., Wakabayashi, K., and Uematsu, Y. (2002). Mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration caused by nicotine in rabbits to explicate intervertebral disc disorders caused by smoking. Spine 27(13):1396–1401.
  • Roughley, P., Martens, D., Rantakokko, J., Alini, M., Mwale, F., and Antoniou, J. (2006). The involvement of aggrecan polymorphism in degeneration of human intervertebral disc and articular cartilage. Eur. Cell. Mater. 11:1–7.
  • Doege, K.J., Coulter, S.N., Meek, L.M., Maslen, K., and Wood, J.G. (1997). A human-specific polymorphism in the coding region of the aggrecan gene: Variable number of tandem repeats produce a range of core protein sizes in the general population. J. Biol. Chem. 272(21):13974–13979.
  • Kämäräinen, O.P., Solovieva, S., Vehmas, T., Luoma, K., Leino-Arjas, P., Riihimäki, H., Ala-Kokko, L., and Männikkö, M. (2006). Aggrecan core protein of a certain length is protective against hand osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 14(10):1075–1080.
  • Kirk, K.M., Doege, K.J., Hecht, J., Bellamy, N., and Martin, N.G. (2003). Osteoarthritis of the hands, hips and knees in an Australian twin sample: Evidence of association with the aggrecan VNTR polymorphism. Twin Res. 6(1):62–66.
  • Roughley, P.J., Alini, M., and Antoniou, J. (2002). The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 30(Pt 6):869–874.
  • Kawaguchi, Y., Osada, R., Kanamori, M., Ishihara, H., Ohmori, K., Matsui, H., and Kimura, T. (1999). Association between an aggrecan gene polymorphism and lumbar disc degeneration. Spine 24(23):2456–2460.
  • Cheung, K.M., Karppinen, J., Chan, D., Ho, D.W., Song, Y.Q., Sham, P., Cheah, K.S., Leong, J.C., Luk, K.D. (2009). Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals. Spine 34(9):934–940.
  • Bernaards, C.M., Twisk, J.W., Snel, J., Van Mechelen,W., and Kemper, H.C. (2001). Is calculating pack-years retrospectively a valid method to estimate life-time tobacco smoking? A comparison between prospectively calculated pack-years and retrospectively calculated pack-years. Addiction 96(11):1653–1661.
  • Luoma, K., Raininko, R., Nummi, P., and Luukkonen, R. (1993). Is the signal intensity of cerebrospinal fluid constant? Intensity measurements with high and low field magnetic resonance imagers. Magn. Reson. Imaging 11(4):549–555.
  • Schneiderman, G., Flannigan, B., Kingston, S., Thomas, J., Dillin, W.H., and Watkins, R.G. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of disc degeneration: Correlation with discography. Spine 12(3):276–281.
  • Hwang, S.J., Beaty, T.H., Panny, S.R., Street, N.A., Joseph, J.M., Gordon, S., McIntosh, I., and Francomano, C.A. (1995). Association study of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) TaqI polymorphism and oral clefts: Indication of gene-environment interaction in a population-based sample of infants with birth defects. Am. J. Epidemiol. 141(7):629–636.
  • Guo, S.W., and Thompson, E.A. (1992). Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics 48(2):361–372.
  • Cs-Szabo, G., Ragasa-San Juan, D., Turumella, V., Masuda, K., Thonar, E.J., and An, H.S. (2002). Changes in mRNA and protein levels of proteoglycans of the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus during intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 27(20):2212–2219.
  • Tertti, M., Paajanen, H., Laato, M., Aho, H., Komu, M., and Kormano, M. (1991). Disc degeneration in magnetic resonance imaging: A comparative biochemical, histologic, and radiologic study in cadaver spines. Spine 16(6):629–634.
  • Adams, M.A., and Roughley, P.J. (2006). What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it? Spine 31(18):2151–2161.
  • Luoma, K., Vehmas, T., Riihimäki, H., and Raininko, R. (2001). Disc height and signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus on magnetic resonance imaging as indicators of lumbar disc degeneration. Spine 26(6):680–686.
  • Dooms, G.C., Hricak, H., Margulis, A.R., and de Geer, G. (1986). MR imaging of fat. Radiology 158(1):51–54.
  • Modic, M.T., Steinberg, P.M., Ross, J.S., Masaryk, T.J., and Carter, J.R. (1988). Degenerative disk disease: Assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging. Radiology 166(1 Pt 1):193–199.
  • Luoma, E.K., Raininko, R., Nummi, P.J., Luukkonen, R., Manninen, H.I., and Riihimäki, H.A. (1997). Suitability of cerebrospinal fluid as a signal-intensity reference on MRI: Evaluation of signal-intensity variations in the lumbosacral dural sac. Neuroradiology 39(10):728–732.
  • Solovieva, S., Noponen, N., Männikkö, M., Leino-Arjas, P., Luoma, K., Raininko, R., Ala-Kokko, L., and Riihimäki, H. (2007). Association between the aggrecan gene variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 32(16):1700–1705.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.