References
- Akeson W. H., Amiel D., Mechanic G. L., Woo S. L-Y, Harwood F. L., Hamer M. L. Collagen cross-linking alterations in joint contractures: Changes in the reducible cross-links in periarticular connective tissue collagen after nine weeks of immobilization. Conn. Tissue. Res. 1977; 5: 15–19
- Akeson W. H., Amiel D., Woo S. L-Y. Immobility effects on synovial joints. The pathomechanics of joint contracture. Biorheology 1980; 17: 95–110
- Amiel D., Woo S. L-Y, Harwood E L., Akeson W. H. The effects of immobilization on collagen turnover in connective tissue: A biochemical-biomechanical correlation. Acta Orthop. Scand. 1982; 53: 325–332
- Amiel D., Frank C. B., Harwood F. L., Akeson W. H., Kleiner J. B. Collagen alteration in medial collateral ligament healing in a rabbit model. Conn. Tiss. Res. 1987; 16: 357–366
- Bailey A. J., Bazin S., Delaunay A. Changes in the nature of the collagen during development and resorption of granulation tissue. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 1973; 328: 383–390
- Clayton M. L., Miles J. S., Abdulla M. Experimental investigation of ligamentous healing. Clin. Orlhop. 1968; 61: 146–153
- Clayton M. L., Weir G. L., Jr. Experimental investigations of ligamentous healing. Am. J. Surg. 1959; 98: 373–378
- Cooper R. R. Alterations during immobilization and regeneration of skeletal muscle in cats. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1972; 54A: 919–953
- Ellsasser J. C., Reynolds E C., Omohundro J. R. The non-operative treatment of collateral ligament injuries of the knee in professional football players. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1974; 56A: 1185–1190
- Enneking W. E, Horowitz M. The intraarticular effects of immobilization on the human knee. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1972; 54A: 973–985
- Fetto J. E, Marshall J. L. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: A rationale for treatment. Clin. Orthop. 1978; 132: 206–218
- Frank C. B., Woo S. L-Y, Amiel D., Gomez M. A., Harwood E L., Akeson W. H. Medial collateral ligament healing: A multidisciplinary assessment in rabbits. Am. J. Sports Med. 1983; 11: 379–389
- Gamble J. G., Edwards C. C., Max S. R. Enzymatic adaptation in ligaments during immobilization. Am. J. Sports Med. 1984; 12: 221–228
- Ginsberg J. M., Eyring E. J., Curtiss P. H., Jr. Continuous compression of rabbit articular cartilage producing loss of hydroxyproline before loss of hexosamine. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1969; 51A: 467–474
- Goldstein W., Barmada R. Early mobilization of rabbit medial collateral ligament repairs. Biomechanic and histologic study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab. 1984; 65: 239–242
- Gomez M. A., Woo S. L-Y, Inoue M., Amiel D., Harwood E L., Kitabayashi L. Medial collateral ligament healing subsequent to different treatment regimens. J. Appl. Physiol. 1989; 66(1)245–252
- Grood E. S., Noyes E R., Butler D. L., Suntay W. J. Ligamentous and capsular restraints preventing straight medial and lateral laxity in intact human cadaver knees. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1981; 63A: 1257–1269
- Hall M. C. Articular changes in the knee of the adult rat after prolonged immobilization in extension. Clin. Orthop. 1964; 34: 184–195
- Harwood F. L., Amiel D. Semiquantitative HPLC analysis of types I and in collagen in soft tissues. LC 1986; 4: 122–126
- Indelicate P A. Non-operative treatment of complete tears of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1983; 65A: 323–329
- Inoue M., McGurk-Burleson E., Hollis J. M., Woo S. L-Y. Treatment of medial collateral ligament injury. I: The importance of anterior cruciate ligament on the varus-valgus knee laxity. Am. J. Sports Med. 1987; 15: 15–21
- Kennedy J. C., Fowler P J. Medial and anterior instability of the knee. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1971; 53A: 1257–1270
- Korkala O., Rusanen M., Gronblad M. Healing of experimental ligament rupture: Findings by scanning electron microscopy. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 1984; 102: 179–182
- Langenskiold A., Michelson J. E., Videman T. Osteoarthritis of the knee in the rabbit produced by immobilization. Acta Orthop. Scand. 1979; 50: 1–14
- Mains D. B., Andrews J. G., Stonecipher T. Medial and anterior-posterior ligament stability of the human knee, measured with a stress apparatus. Am. J. Sports Med. 1977; 5: 144–153
- Mechanic G. “Stable intermolecular cross-links in collagen after reduction.”. Chemistry and Molecular Biology of the Intercellular Matrix, E. A. Balazs, 1970; Vol. 1: 305–311
- Miller E. J., Rhodes R. K., Furoto D. K. Identification of collagen chains as a function of cyanogen bromide peptide patterns using gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography. Coll. Rel. Res. 1983; 3: 79–87
- Noyes F R. Functional properties of knee ligaments and alterations induced by immobilization. A correlative biochemical and histological study in primates. Clin. Orthop. 1977; 123: 210–242
- O'Donoghue D. H., Rockwood C. C. A., Zaricznyj B., Kenyon R. Repair of knee ligaments in dogs. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1961; 43A: 1167–1178
- Ogata K., Whiteside L. A., Andersen D. A. The intra-articular effect of various postoperative managements following knee ligament repair: An experimental study in dogs. Clin. Orthop. 1980; 150: 271–276
- Piper T. L., Whiteside L. A. Early mobilization after knee ligament repair in dogs: An experimental study. Clin. Orthop. 1980; 150: 277–282
- Piziali R. L., Rastegar J., Nagel D. A., Schurman D. J. The contribution of the cruciate ligaments in the load-displacement characteristics of the human knee joint. J. Biomech. Eng. 1980; 102: 277–283
- Seering W. R, Piziali R. L., Nagel D. A., Schurman D. J. The function of the primary ligaments of the knee in varus-valgus and axial rotation. J. Biomech. 1980; 13: 785–794
- Tanzer M. L., Mechanic G. Collagen reduction by sodium borohydride. Effects of reconstitution, maturation and lathyrism. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1968; 32: 885–892
- Tipton C. M., James S. L., Mergner K. W., Tcheng T.-K. Influence of exercise on strength of medial collateral knee ligaments of dogs. Am. J. Physiol. 1970; 218: 894–902
- Vailas A. C., Tipton C. M., Matthes R. D., Gart M. Physical activity and its influence on the repair process of medial collateral ligaments. Conn. Tissue Res. 1981; 9: 25–31
- Warren E R., Marshall J. L., Girgis F. The prime static stabilizer of the medial side of the knee. 7. Bone Joint Surg. 1974; 56A: 665–674
- Woessner J. F. The determination of hydroxyproline in tissue and protein samples containing small proportions of this imino acid. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1961; 93: 440–447
- Woo S. L-Y., Akeson W. H., Jemmott G. E. Measurements of nonhomogeneous, directional mechanical properties of articular cartilage in tension. J Biomech. 1976; 9: 785–791
- Woo S. L-Y, Gomez M. A., Seguchi Y, Endo C., Akeson W. H. Measurement of mechanical properties of ligament substance from a bone-ligament-bone preparation. J. Orthop. Res. 1983; 1: 22–29
- Woo S. L-Y, Gomez M. A., Inoue M., Akeson W. H. New experimental procedures to evaluate the biomechanical properties of healing canine medial collateral ligament. J. Orthop. Res. 1987; 5: 425–432
- Woo S. L-Y, Gomez M. A., Sites T. J., Newton E O., Orlando C. A., Akeson W. H. The biomechanical and morphological changes of the medial collateral ligament following immobilization and remobilization. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1987; 69A: 1200–1211
- Woo S. L-Y, Inoue M., McGurk-Burleson E., Gomez M. A. Treatment of the medial collateral ligament injury. II: Structure and function of canine knees in response to differing treatment regimens. Am J. Sports Med. 1987; 15: 22–29