Occupational and socio-economic risk factors for giant cell arteritis: a nationwide study based on hospitalizations in Sweden

References

• Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet 2008;372:234–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Gay MA, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Lopez-Diaz MJ, Miranda-Filloy JA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Martin J, . Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61:1454–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabriel SE, Michaud K. Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11:229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Gay MA, Amoli MM, Garcia-Porrua C, Ollier WE. Genetic markers of disease susceptibility and severity in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2003;33:38–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks CG, Conrad K, Cooper GS. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and autoimmune disease. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107(Suppl 5):793–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Loveren H, Vos JG, Germolec D, Simeonova PP, Eijkemanns G, McMichael AJ. Epidemiologic associations between occupational and environmental exposures and autoimmune disease: report of a meeting to explore current evidence and identify research needs. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2001;203: 483–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boscolo P, Youinou P, Theoharides TC, Cerulli G, Conti P. Environmental and occupational stress and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2008;7:340–3.
   Google Scholar
• Brown JM, Pfau JC, Pershouse MA, Holian A. Silica, apoptosis, and autoimmunity. J Immunotoxicol 2005;1:177–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooper GS, Parks CG. Occupational and environmental exposures as risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2004;6:367–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meller S, Homey B, Ruzicka T. Socioeconomic factors in lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2005;4:242–6.
   Google Scholar
• Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Iaccarino L, Doria A. Environment and systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview. Autoimmunity 2005;38:465–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Zöller B. Occupational risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide study based on hospitalizations in Sweden. J Rheumatol 2012;39:743–51.
   Google Scholar
• Lane SE, Watts RA, Bentham G, Innes NJ, Scott DG. Are environmental factors important in primary systemic vasculitis? A case-control study. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:814–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie SL, Dasgupta B, Hordon L, Gough A, Green M, Hollywood J, . Ischaemic manifestations in giant cell arteritis are associated with area level socio-economic deprivation, but not cardiovascular risk factors. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011;50:2014–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen M, Hakulinen T. Use of disease registers. In: Ahrens W, Pigeot I, editors. Handbook of epidemiology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• The Swedish Multi-Generation Register (1960-1990) [In Swedish]. Stockholm: Statistics Sweden, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• The Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register (1961–2001). Stockholm, Sweden: The National Board of Health and Welfare, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Socioeconomic classification. Report on statistical coordination. Stockholm: Swedish National Central Bureau of Statistics, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Bovenzi M, Barbone F, Pisa FE, Betta A, Romeo L, Tonello A, . A case-control study of occupational exposures and systemic sclerosis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2004;77:10–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reckner Olsson A, Skogh T, Wingren G. Comorbidity and lifestyle, reproductive factors, and environmental exposures associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:934–9.
   Google Scholar
• Dooley MA, Hogan SL. Environmental epidemiology and risk factors for autoimmune disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003;15:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado BV, Gabriel SE, Beard CM, Michet CJ, O’Fallon WM, Ballard DJ. A population-based case-control study of temporal arteritis: evidence for an association between temporal arteritis and degenerative vascular disease? Int J Epidemiol 1989;18:836–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duhaut P, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, Loire R, Seydoux D, Ninet J, . Giant cell arteritis and cardiovascular risk factors. A multicenter, prospective case-control study. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1960–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Gay MA, Piñeiro A, Gomez-Gigirey A, Garcia-Porrua C, Pego-Reigosa R, Dierssen-Sotos T, et al. Influence of traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis in the development of severe ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Medicine 2004;83:342–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundquist K, Johansson SE, Qvist J, Sundquist J. Does occupational social class predict coronary heart disease after retirement? A 12-year follow-up study in Sweden. Scand J Public Health 2005;33:447–54.
   Google Scholar
• Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature 2002;420:868–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R, Doria A, Matsuura E, Cerinic MM, Ronda N, . Accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Circulation 2005;112:3337–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoller B, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Risk of subsequent coronary heart disease in patients hospitalized for immune-mediated diseases: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. PLoS One 2012;7:e33442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoller B, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Risk of subsequent ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients hospitalized for immune-mediated diseases: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. BMC Neurol 2012;12:41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemingway H, Marmot M. Evidence based cardiology: psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease. Systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Br Med J 1999;318:1460–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brotman DJ, Golden SH, Wittstein LS. The cardiovascular toll of stress. Lancet 2007;370:1089–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundquist J, Johansson SE, Yang M, Sundquist K. Low linking social capital as a predictor of coronary heart disease in Sweden: a cohort study of 2.8 million people. Soc Sci Med 2006;62:954–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks CG, Conrad K, Cooper GS. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and autoimmune disease. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:793–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvert GM, Rice FL, Boiano JM, Sheehy JW, Sanderson WT. Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: an analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:122–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yassin A, Yebesi F, Tingle R. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica dust in the United States, 1988-2003. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:255–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Socioeconomic and occupational risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide study based on hospitalizations in Sweden. J Rheumatol 2008;35:986–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemminki K, Li X, Czene K. Cancer risks in first-generation immigrants to Sweden. Int J Cancer 2002;99:218–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemminki K, Li X. Cancer risks in Nordic immigrants and their offspring in Sweden. Eur J Cancer 2002;38:2428–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warnryd B, Ostlin P, Thorslund M. Living conditions. Appendix 11. Quality in retrospective questions on previous occupational exposures: an evaluation of occupational histories in the investigation on living conditions. Stockholm: Statistics Sweden, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1990;1:43–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patient register 1987–1996. Quality and content. [in Swedish]. Stockholm, Sweden: EpC, National Board of Health and Welfare, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim JL, Reuterwall C, . External review and validation of the Swedish National Inpatient Register. BMC Public Health 2011;11:450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar