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Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology Volume 19, 1990 - Issue 4
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Original Article

Influence of Oral Contraception on the Occurrence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Female Sibs

J. M. W. Hazes Department of Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical College, London, England
,
A. J. Silman Department of Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical College, London, England
,
R. Brand Medical Statistics, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
T. D. Spector Department of Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical College, London, England
,
D. J. Walker Department of Rheumatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland, England
&
J. P. Vandenbroucke Departments of Clinical Epidemiology,
Pages 306-310 | Received 26 Sep 1989, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Wingrave S J, Kay CR. Reduction in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptives. Lancet 1978; i: 569–71
  • Vandenbroucke J P, Valkenburg H A, Boersma H A, et al. Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: Further evidence for a preventive effect. Lancet 1982; ii: 839–42
  • Vandenbroucke J P, Witteman J CM, Valkenburg H A, et al. Non-contraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. JAMA 1986; 255: 1299–1303
  • Del Junco D J, Annegers J F, Luthtra H S, Coulam C B, Kurland LT. Do oral contraceptives prevent rheumatoid arthritis?. JAMA 1985; 254: 1938–41
  • Vessey M P, Villard-Mackintosh L, Yeates D. Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. Contraception 1987; 35: 457–64
  • Hernandez-Avila M, Liang M, Willet W C, et al. Oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone use and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; S148
  • Spector T, Silman A, Roman E. Protective effect of prior oral contraceptive use for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; SA120
  • Hazes J MW, Dijkmans B AC, Vandenbroucke J P, De Vries R RP, Cats A. Reduction of the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among women who take oral contraceptives. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33, in press
  • Jick H, Vessey MP. Case-control studies in the evaluation of drug-induced illness. Am J Epidemiol 1978; 107: 1–7
  • Silman A, Oilier B, McDermott M. HLA: Linkage with rheumatoid arthritis or seropositivity. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 1189–92
  • Walker D J, Griffiths M, Dewar P, Coates E, Dick W C, et al. Association of MHC antigens with susceptibility to and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in multicase families. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 519–25
  • Spector T D, Silman AJ. Is poor pregnancy outcome a risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 12–4
  • Schlesselman JJ. Case-control studies: design, conduct, analysis. Oxford University Press, New York 1982
  • Breslow N E, Day NE. Statistical methods in cancer research. IARC Scientific Publications, Lyon 1980, No. 32
  • Khoury M J, Stewart W, Beaty TH. The effect of genetic susceptibility on causal inference in epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 126: 561–7

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