Physical strain and mechanical efficiency in hubcrank and handrim wheelchair propulsion

References

• Bennedik K., Engel P., Hildebrandt G. Der Rollstuhl. Internationale Schriftenreihe her Rehabilitations-forschung 15. Schindele Verlag, Rheinstein 1978
   Google Scholar
• van der Woude L. H. V., de Groot G., Hollander A. P., Van Ingkn Schenau G. J., Rozendal R. H. Wheelchair ergonomics and physiological testing of prototypes. Ergonomics 1986; 29: 1561–1573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanlandewijck Y., Spaepen A. J., Lysens R. J. Wheelchair propulsion efficiency: movement pattern adaptations to speed changes. Medical Science in Sports and Exercise 1994; 26: 1373–1381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjeltnes N., Vokac Z. Circulation strain in every day life of paraplegics. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1979; 11: 68–73
   Google Scholar
• Janssen T. W.J., Van Oers C. A.J.M., Woude L. H.V., van der Hollander A. P. Physical strain in daily life of wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries. Medical Science in Sports and Exercise 1994; 26: 661–670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dearwater S. P., Laporte R. E., Robertson R., Brenes G., Adams L., Beckerr D. Activity in spinal cord-injured patients: an epidemiological analysis of metabolic parameters. Medical Science in Sports and Exercise 1986; 18: 541–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas F., Axen K., Pineda H. Aerobic capacity in spinal cord injured people. Nervous system Trauma 1986; 3: 77–91
   Google Scholar
• Yekutiel M., Brooks M. E., Ohry A., Yarom J., Carel R. The prevalence of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes in traumatic spinal cord injured patients and amputees. Paraplegia 1989; 27: 58–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janssen T. M. J., Oers C. A.J. M., van Hollander A. P., Woude L. H. V., van der and Rozendal R. H. Physical strain during daily living in male spinal cord injured subjects: relation to physical performance. Ergonomics of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion: state of the art, L. H. V. van der Woude, et al. IOS Press, Amsterdam 1993; 173–190
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman M. D. Cardiorespiratory fitness and training in quadriplegics and paralegics. Sports Medicine 1986; 3: 312–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis K. A., Dilion D. A. Survey of wheelchair athletic injuries: common patterns and prevention. Paraplegia 1985; 23: 170–175
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrara M. S., Davis R. W. Injuries in elte wheelchair athletes. Paraplegia 1990; 28: 335–341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormack D. A. R., Reid D. C., Steadward R. D., Syrotuik A. Injury profiles in wheelchair athletes: results of a retrospective study. Clinical Journal of sports Medicine 1991; 1: 35–40
   Google Scholar
• Burnham R. S., Steadward R. D. Upper extremity peripheral nerve entrapments among wheelchair athletes: prevalence, location and risk factors. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994; 75: 519–524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols P. J. R., Norman P. A., Ennis J R. Wheelchair user's shoulder?. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1979; 11: 29–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bayley J. C., Cochran T. P., Sledge C. B. The weight bearing shoulder: the impingement syndrome in paraplegics. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (AM) 1987; 69: 676–678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfefe G. A., Waters R., Hislop H. J. Influence of floor surface on energy cost of wheelchair propulsion. Physical Therapy 1977; 57: 1022–1027
   Google Scholar
• O'Reagan J. R., Thacker J. G., Kauzlarich J. J., Mochel E., Carmine D., Bryant M. Wheelchair dynamics. Wheelchair Mobility; 1976–1981, W. Stamp, C. A. Laurin. Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Virginia 1981; 33–41
   Google Scholar
• Kauzlarich J. J., Thacker J. G. Wheelchair tire rolling resistance and fatigue. Journal of Rehabilitation Research 1985; 22: 25–21
   Google Scholar
• Frank T. G., Abel E. W. Drag forces in wheelchairs. Ergonomics of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion: state of the art, L. H. V. van der Woude, et al. IOS Press, Amsterdam 1993; 255–269
   Google Scholar
• van der Woude L. H. V., Janssen T. W. J., Meijs P. J. M., Veeger H. E. J., Rozendal R. H. Physical stress and strain in active wheelchair propulsion overview of a research programme. Journal of Rehabilitation Science 1994; 7: 18–25
   Google Scholar
• van der Woude L. H. V., Maas K., Rozendal R. H., Veeger H. E. J. Physiological responses during hubcrank and handrim wheelchair propulsion: a pilot study. Journal of Rehabilitation Science 1995; 8: 13–19
   Google Scholar
• Weiner J. S., Louri J. A. Human Biology: a guide to field studies. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1969
   Google Scholar
• Meijs P. J. M., Michels K. J., van der Woude L. H. V., Veenbaas R., Rozendal R. H. Technical requirements of wheelchair exercise testing in rehabilitation field research. Ergonomics of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion: state of the art, L. H. V. van der Woude. IOS Press, Amsterdam 1993; 61–75
   Google Scholar
• Peronnet F., Massicotte D. Table of non-protein respiratory quotient: an update. Canadian Journal Sport Science 1991; 16: 23–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Woude L. H. V., Veeger H. E.J., Rozendal R. H., Sargeant A. J. Optimum cycle frequencies in hand-rim wheelchair propulsion. European Journal of Applied Physiology 1989; 58: 625–632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seabury J. J., Adams W. C., Ramey R. Influence of pedalling rate and power output on energy expenditure during bicycle ergometry. Ergonomics 1977; 20: 491–498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer Y. A., Cambach W., Veeger H. E.J., van der Woude L. H. V. Wheelchair prototype testing: a new lever-drive-system in comparison with existing propulsion mechanisms. Journal of Rehabilitation Science 1992; 5: 38–43
   Google Scholar
• van der Woude L H. V., Veeger H. E. J., de Boer Y., Rozendal R. H. Physiological evaluation of a newly designed lever mechanism for wheelchairs. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology 1993; 17: 232–2140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veeger H. E.J., van der Woude L. H.V. Force generation in manual wheelchair propulsion. In Biomedical Engineering Recent Developments. Proceedings of the 13th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference, J. Vossoughi. Washington 1994; 779–782
   Google Scholar
• Veeger H. E.J., Woude L. H. V., van der and Rozendal R. H. Effect of handrim velocity on mechanical efficiency in wheelchair propulsion. Medical Science in Sports and Exercise 1992; 24: 100–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel P., Henze W., Moog R. Druck- und Zugkraefte beim Hebelrollstuhlfahren. Physische Rehabilitation und Kur Medizin 1994; 4: 169–172
   Google Scholar
• Helm F. C.T., van der and Veeger H. E.J. A shoulder model required?. Ergonomics of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion: state of the art, L. H. V. van der Woude, et al. I.O.S. Press, Amsterdam 1993; 225–240
   Google Scholar