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Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology Volume 20, 1996 - Issue 1
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Original Article

Optimization of patient radiation dose through development of specifications for purchase of X-ray equipment

C. J. Martin Health Physics, Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, West Glasgow Hospitals University, NHS Trust, 22 Western Court, 100 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8SQ, UK
&
G. D. Currie Department of Medical Physics and Bio-Engineering, Raigmore Hospital-NHS Trust, Inverness, IV2 3UJ, UK
Pages 16-23 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

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  • Department of Health. Purchasing radiology equipment—Patient dose reduction Health Service Guidelines (91)11, (England and Wales). NHS Circular Mel 1991, 1992; 26, (Scotland)
  • Hufton A. P., Russell J. G. B. The use of carbon fibre material in table tops, cassette fronts and grid covers: Magnitude of possible dose reductions. British Journal of Radiology 1986; 59: 157–163
  • Avison M. Exposure rate and noise level evaluation of automatic exposure control systems. British Institute of Radiology Report 20. Optimization of image quality and patient exposure in diagnostic radiology, B. M. Moores, B. F. Wall, H. Eriskat, H. Schibilla, 1989; 166–167
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. Radiographic cassettes. IEC 406. IEC, Geneva 1975
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. Medical electrical equipment, Part: 1 General requirements for safety. 3. Collateral standard: General requirements for radiation ptotection in diagnostic X-ray equipment. IEC 601–1–3. IEC, Geneva 1994
  • Hospital Physicists' Association. Quality assurance measurements in diagnostic radiology Conference Report Services 29. HPA, London 1979
  • Hospital Physicists' Association. Measurement of the performance characteristics of diagnostic x-ray systems used in medicine. Topic Group Report, 32, Part II X-ray image intensifier television systems. HPA, London 1981
  • National Radiological Protection Board/Health and Safety Executive/Department of Health. Guidance notes for the protection of persons against ionising radiations arising from medical and dental use. NRPB, Chilton 1988
  • Department of Health. The testing of x-ray image intensifier television systems. DoH Medical Devices Agency MDA/95/07 1995
  • Royal College of Radiologists/National Radiological Protection Board. Guidelines on radiology standards for primary dental care. Documents of the NRPB, Vol. 5, No. 3. NRPB, Chilton 1994
  • Martin C. J., Hunter S. Reduction of patient doses for barium meal and barium enema examinations through changes in equipment factors. British Journal of Radiology 1994; 67: 1196–1205
  • Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine/National Radiological Protection Board/College of Radiographers. National Protocol for patient dose measurements in diagnostic radiology. NRPB, Chilton 1992
  • International Commission on Radiological Units. Medical imaging—A unified approach to the assessment of performance. ICRU Report. ICRU, Bethseda 1995, (in press)
  • Imaging Performance Assessment of CT Scanners. ImPACT specifications questionnaire. Department of Health Evaluation Group. 1995
  • British Standards. Method of measuring and defining the characteristics of anti-scatter grids used in X-ray equipment. BS 5913. British Standards Institution, London 1980
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. Characteristics of anti-scatter grids used in X-ray equipment. IEC 627. IEC, Geneva 1978
  • Boone J. M., Pfeiffer D. E., Strauss K. J., Lin P.-J.P., Shepard J. S., Conway B. J. A survey of fluoroscopic exposure rates: AAPM Task Group No. 11 Report. Medical Physics 1993; 20: 789–794
  • Martin C. J. Measurement of patient entrance surface dose rates for fluoroscopic x-ray units. Physics and Medicine in Biology 1995; 40: 823–834
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. Medical electrical equipment—Characteristics of electro-optical X-ray image intensifiers Part 5: Determination of the detective quantum efficiency. IEC 1262–5. IEC, Geneva 1994
  • Department of Health. Revised guidance notes for health authorities on mammographic X-ray equipment requirements for breast cancer screening. DoH Medical Devices Directorate, report STD/90/46 1990
  • Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine. The commissioning and routine testing of mammographic X-ray systems. Report No. 59 (2nd edition). IPSM, York 1994
  • Hart D., Wall B. F. Potentially higher patient radiation doses using digital equipment for barium studies. British Journal of Radiology 1995; 68: 1112–1115

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