REFERENCES
- Benz EJ Jr. The thalassemia syndromes: lessons from molecular medicines index case. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1996;107:20–36.
- Advani R, Sorenson S, Shinar E, Lande W, Rachmilewitz E, Shrier SL. Characterization and comparison of red blood cell membrane damage in severe α- and β-thalassemia. Blood. 1992;79(4):1058–0063.
- Rachmilewitz EA. Denaturation of the normal and abnormal hemoglobin molecule. Semin Hematol. 1974;11(4):441–462.
- Brunori M, Falcioni G, Fioretti E. Formation of superoxide in autooxidation of isolated α and β chains of human haemoglobin and its involvement in hemichrome precipitation. Eur J Biochem. 1975;53(1):99–104.
- Winterbourn CC. Oxidative reactions of hemoglobin. Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:265–272.
- Dhawan V, Kumar KhR, Marwaha RK, Ganguly NK. Antioxidant status in children with homozygous thalassemia. Indian Pediatr. 2005;42(11):1141–1145.
- Hershko C, Link G, Cabantchik I. Pathophysiology of iron overload. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1998;850:191–201.
- Lindsey WT, Olin BR. Deferasirox for transfusion-related iron overload: a clinical review. Clin Ther. 2007;29(10):2154–2166.
- Hebbel RP, Leung A, Mohandas N. Oxidation-induced changes in microrheologic properties of the red blood cell membrane. Blood. 19901;76(5):1015–1020.
- Kukongviriyapan V, Somparn N, Senggunprai L, Prawan A, Kukongviriayapan U, Jetsrisuparb A. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidant status in pediatric patients with Hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008;29(1):130–135.
- Kattamis C, Lazaropoulou C, Delaporta P, Apostolakou F, Kattamis A, Papassotiriou I. Disturbances of biomarkers of iron and oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2011;8(2):256–262.
- Abdalla MY, Fawzi M, Al-Maloul SR, El-Banna N, Tayyem RF, Ahmad IM. Increased oxidative stress and iron overload in Jordanian β-thalassemic children. Hemoglobin. 2011;35(1):67–79.
- Quinzii CM, Hirano M. Coenzyme Q and mitochondrial disease. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2010;16(2):183–188.
- Ozawa T. Formation of oxygen radicals in the electron transfer chain and antioxidant properties of coenzyme Q. In: Lenaz G, Ed. Coenzyme Q Biochemistry, Bioenergetics and Clinical Applications of Ubiquinone. New York: Wiley & Sons.1985:441–456.
- Ernster L, Forsmark-Andree P. Ubiquinol: an endogenous antioxidant in aerobic organisms. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl.):S60–S65.
- Stoker R, Bowry VW, Frei B. Ubiquinol-10 protects human low density lipoprotein more efficiently against lipid peroxidation than does a-tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88(5):1646–1650.
- Tang PH, Miles MV, Miles L, Measurement of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q9 and coenzyme Q10 levels in mouse tissues by HPLC with coulometric detection. Clin Chim Acta. 2004;341(1–2):173–184.
- Kalpravidh RW, Siritanaratkul N, Insain P, Improvement in oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in β-thalassemia/Hb E patients treated with curcuminoids. Clin Biochem. 2010;43(4–5):424–429.
- Scott MD, van den Berg JJ, Repka T, Effect of excess α-hemoglobin chains on cellular and membrane oxidation in model β-thalassemic erythrocytes. J Clin Invest. 1993;91(4):1706–1712.
- Polliack A, Yataganas X, Rachmilewitz EA. Ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies and nuclear abnormalities in β-thalassemic erythroblasts. Ann NY Acad Sci 1974;232:61–82.
- Labib HA, Etewa RL, Gaber OA, Atfy M, Mostafa TM, Barsoum I. Paraoxonase-1 and oxidative status in common Mediterranean β-thalassaemia mutations trait, and their relations to atherosclerosis. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64(5):437–442.
- Selek S, Aslan M, Horoz M, Gur M, Erel O. Oxidative status and serum PON1 activity in β-thalassemia minor. Clin Biochem. 2007;40(5–6):287–291.
- Destro Bisol G. Genetic resistance to malaria, oxidative stress and hemoglobin oxidation. Parassitologia. 1999;41(1–3):203–204.
- Walter PB, Fung EB, Killilea DW, Oxidative stress and inflammation in iron-overloaded patients with β-thalassaemia or sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2006;135(2):254–263.
- De Luca C, Filosa A, Grandinetti M, Maggio F, Lamba M, Passi S. Blood antioxidant status and urinary levels of catecholamine metabolites in β-thalassemia. Free Radic Res. 1999;30(6):453–462.
- Miniero R, Canducci E, Ghigo D. Vitamin E in β-thalassemia. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol. 1982;4(1–2):21–25.
- Suthutvoravut U, Hathirat P, Sirichakwal P. Vitamin E status, glutathione peroxidase activity and the effect of vitamin E supplementation in children with thalassemia. J Med Assoc Thai. 1993;76(2):146–152.
- Kalpravidh RW, Wichit A, Siritanaratkul N, Fucharoen S. Effect of coenzyme Q10 as an antioxidant in β-thalassemia/Hb E patients. Biofactors 2005;25(1–4):225–34.
- Prus E, Fibach E. Effect of iron chelators on labile iron and oxidative status of thalassaemic erythroid cells. Acta Haematol. 2010;123(1):14–20.
- Kocharian A, Shabanian R, Rafiei-Khorgami M, Kiani A, Heidari-Bateni G. Coenzyme Q10 improves diastolic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Young. 2009;19(5):501–506.
- Adarsh K, Kaur H, Mohan V. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in isolated diastolic heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Biofactors. 2008;32(1–4):145–149.
- Cappellini MD, Cohen A, Piga A, A phase 3 study of deferasirox (ICL670), a once-daily oral iron chelator, in patients with β-thalassemia. Blood. 2006;107(9):3455–3462.
- Galanello R, Piga A, Forni GL, Phase II clinical evaluation of deferasirox, a once-daily oral chelating agent, in pediatric patients with β thalassemia major. Haematologica. 2006;91(10):1343–1351.
- Piga A, Galanello R, Forni GL, Randomized phase II trial of deferasirox (Exjade, ICL670), a once-daily, orally-administered iron chelator, in comparison to deferoxamine in thalassemia patients with transfusional iron overload. Haematologica. 2006;91(7):873–880.
- Galanello R, Piga A, Alberti D, Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ICL670, a new orally active iron-chelating agent in patients with transfusion-dependent iron overload due to β-thalassemia. J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;43(6):565–572.
- Shalev O, Repka T, Goldfarb A, Deferiprone (L1) chelates pathologic iron deposits from membranes of intact thalassemic and sickle red blood cells both in vitro and in vivo. Blood. 1995;86(5):2008–2013.