References
- Touitou E, Chow DD, Lawter JR. Chiral β-blockers for transdermal delivery. Int J Pharm 1994;104:19–28
- Aqil M, Sultana Y, Ali A. Transdermal delivery of β-blockers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006;3:405–18
- Cilurzo F, Minghetti P, Alberti E, et al. An investigation into the influence of counterion on the RS-propranolol and S-propranolol skin permeability. J Pharm Sci 2010;99:1217–24
- Verma PR, Iyer SS. Transdermal delivery of propranolol using mixed grades of Eudragit: design and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000;26:471–6
- Verma PR, Iyer SS. Controlled transdermal delivery of propranolol using HPMC matrices: design and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52:151–6
- Yu JJ, Chien T, Chien Y. Transdermal dual-controlled delivery of testosterone and estradiol: (I) impact of system design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1991;17:1883–904
- Kim JI, Choi HK. Effect of additives on the crystallization and the permeation of ketoprofen from adhesive matrix. Int J Pharm 2002;236:81–5
- Cilurzo F, Minghetti P, Pagani S, et al. Design and characterization of an adhesive matrix based on a poly(ethylacrylate, methyl methacrylate). AAPS PharmSciTech 2008;9:748–56
- Kobayashi I, Hosaka K, Maruo H, et al. Skin toxicity of propranolol in guinea pigs. J Toxicol Sci 1999;24:103–12
- Namdeo A, Jain N. Liquid crystalline pharmacogel based enhanced transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride. J Control Release 2002;82:223–36
- Conjeevaram R, Chaturvedula A, Betageri GV, et al. Iontophoretic in vivo transdermal delivery of β-blockers in hairless rats and reduced skin irritation by liposomal formulation. Pharm Res 2003;20:1496–501
- Cilurzo F, Alberti E, Minghetti P, et al. Effect of drug chirality on the skin permeability of ibuprofen. Int J Pharm 2010;386:71–6
- Guillard EC, Tfayli A, Laugel C, Baillet-Guffroy A. Molecular interactions of penetration enhancers within ceramides organization: a FTIR approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009;36:192–9
- Lee PJ, Langer R, Shastri VP. Role of N-methyl pyrrolidone in the enhancement of aqueous phase transdermal transport. J Pharm Sci 2004;94:912–17
- Lee PJ, Ahmad N, Langer R, et al. Evaluation of chemical enhancers in the transdermal delivery of lidocaine. Int J Pharm 2006;308:33–9
- Park ES, Chang SJ, Rivee YS, Chi SC. Effects of adhesives and permeation enhancers on the skin permeation of captopril. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001;27:975--80
- Cilurzo F, Gennari CGM, Minghetti P. Adhesive properties: a critical issue in transdermal patch development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012;9:33–45
- Olivier JC, Rabouan S, Couet W. In vitro comparative studies of two marketed transdermal nicotine delivery systems: Nicopatch® and Nicorette®. Int J Pharm 2003;252:133–40
- Minghetti P, Cilurzo F, Casiraghi A, Montanari L. Evaluation of ex vivo human skin permeation of genistein and daidzein. Drug Deliv 2006;13:411–15
- Watson RGP, Bastain KA, Larkin KA, et al. A comparative pharmacokinetic study of conventional propranolol and a long acting preparation of propranolol in patients with cirrhosis and normal controls. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1987;24:527–35
- Carmona MJ, Malbouisson LM, Pereira VA, et al. Cardiopulmonary bypass alters the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005;38:713–21
- Bleske BE, Welage LS, Rose S, et al. The effect of dosage release formulations on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol stereoisomers in humans. J Clin Pharm 1995;35:374–8
- Kubota K, Koyama E, Yasuda K. Skin irritation induced by topically applied timolol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:471–5
- Kobayashi I, Hosaka K, Maruo H, et al. Relationship between the skin permation movement of propranolol and skin inflammatory reactions. Biol Pharmaceut Bull 1998;21:938--44