1,056
Views
97
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Biotechnological implications from abscisic acid (ABA) roles in cold stress and leaf senescence as an important signal for improving plant sustainable survival under abiotic-stressed conditions

, , , , , & show all
Pages 222-230 | Received 26 Jan 2010, Accepted 19 Mar 2010, Published online: 24 Jun 2010

References

  • Abe H, Urao T, Ito T, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2003. Arabidopsis AtMYC2 (bHLH) and AtMYB2 (MYB) function as transcriptional activators in abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 15: 63–78.
  • Ashraf M. 2009. Biotechnological approach of improving plant salt tolerance using antioxidants as markers. Biotechnol Adv 27: 84–93.
  • Ashraf M. 2010. Inducing drought tolerance in plants: recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 28: 169–183.
  • Bate NJ, Rothstein SJ, Thompson JE. 1991. Expression of nuclear and chloroplast photosynthesis- specific genes during leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 42: 801–811.
  • Becker W, Apel K. 1993. Differences in gene expression between natural and artificially induced leaf senescence. Planta 189: 74–79.
  • Bowers MC. 1994. Environmental effects of cold on plants. In: Wilkinson, R.E. (Ed.), Plant-Environment Interactions. Marcel Dekker, New York, 391–411.
  • Bowler C, Van Montagu M, Inze D. 1992. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 43: 83–116.
  • Browse J, Xin Z. 2001. Temperature sensing and cold acclimation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4: 241–246.
  • Buchanan-Wollaston V. 1991. The molecular biology of leaf senescence.J Exp Bot 48: 181–199.
  • Buchanan-Wollaston V, Earl S, Harrison E, Mathas E, Navabpour S, Page T, Pink D. 2003. The molecular analysis of leaf senescence–a genomics approach. Plant Biotechnol J 1: 3–22.
  • Chandlee JM. 2001. Current molecular understanding of the genetically programmed process of leaf senescence. Physiol Plant 113: 1399–1424.
  • Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann Bot 103: 551–560.
  • Choi H, Hong J, Ha J, Kang J, Kim SY. 2000. ABFs, a family of ABA-responsive element binding factors. J Biol Chem 275: 1723–1730.
  • Chen W, Provart NJ, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F, Chang HS, Eulgem T, Mauch F, Luan S, Zou G, Whitham SA, Budworth PR, Tao Y, Xie Z, Chen X, Lam S, Kreps JA, Harper JF, Si-Ammour A, Mauch-Mani B, Heinlein M, Kobayashi K, Hohn T, Dangl JL, Wang X, Zhu T. 2002. Expression profile matrix of Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative functions in response to environmental stresses. Plant Cell 14: 559–574.
  • Caius MR. 2010. Barriers and paths to market for genetically engineered crops. Plant Biotech J 8: 101–111.
  • Chu LY, Shao HB, Li MY. 2005. Molecular mechanisms of phytochrome signal transduction in higher plants. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 45: 154–161.
  • Clint C, Malcolm C. 2007. Physiology and metabolism factors impacting plant productivity. Cur Opin Plant Biol 10: 217–219.
  • Cutler A. 2005. Understanding Abscisic Acid. J Plant Growth Regul 24: 251–252.
  • Dai N, Schaffer A, Petreikov M, Shahak Y, Giller Y, Ratner K, Levine A, Granot D. 1999. Overexpression of Arabidopsis hexokinase in tomato plants inhibits growth, reduces photosynthesis, and induces rapid senescence. Plant Cell 11: 1253–1266.
  • Davies WJ, Jones HG. Abscisic acid: Physiology and Biochemistry. Bios Scientific,Oxford 1991.
  • Davies WJ, Kudoyarova G, Hartung W. 2005. Long-distance ABA Signaling and Its Relation to Other Signaling Pathways in the Detection of Soil Drying and the Mediation of the Plant’s Response to drought. J Plant Growth Regul 24: 285–295.
  • David E, Jacqueline B. 2010. Plant genome sequencing: applications for crop improvement. Plant Biotech J 8: 2–9.
  • Dominique CB, Andrew JF. 2010. From molecule to model, from environment to evolution: an integrated view of growth and development. Cur Opin Plant Biol 13: 1–4.
  • Dubouzet JG, Sakuma Y, Ito Y, Kasuga M, Dubouzet EG, Miura S, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2003. OsDREB genes in rice, Oryza sativa L., encode transcription activators that function in drought-, high-salt- and cold-responsive gene expression. Plant J 33: 751–763.
  • Fang J, Chai C, Qian Q, Li C, Tang J, Sun L, Huang Z, Guo X, Sun C, Liu M, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wang Y, Lu C, Han B, Chen F, Cheng Z, Chu C. 2008. Mutations of genes in synthesis of the carotenoid precursors of ABA lead to pre-harvest sprouting and photo-oxidation in rice. Plant J 54: 177–189.
  • Finkelstein RR, Gampala SS, Rock CD. 2002. Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings. Plant Cell 14 Suppl: S15–S45.
  • Fowler S, Thomashow MF. 2002. Arabidopsis transcriptome profiling indicates that multiple regulatory pathways are activated during cold acclimation in addition to the CBF cold response pathway. Plant Cell 14: 1675–1690.
  • Fowler DB, Limin AE, Ritchie JT. 1999. Low-temperature tolerance in cereals: model and genetic interpretation. Crop Sci 39: 626–633.
  • Fryer MJ. 1992. The antioxidant effect of thylakoid vitamin E (a-tocopherol).Plant Cell Environ 15: 381–392.
  • Galiba G, Vagujfalvi A, Li CX, Soltesz A, Dubcovsky J. 2009. Regulatory genes involved in the determination of frost tolerance in temperate cereals.Plant Sci 176: 12–19.
  • Gan S, Amasino RM. 1997. Making Sense of Senescence (Molecular Genetic Regulation and Manipulation of Leaf Senescence). Plant Physiol 113: 313–319.
  • Gan S. 2003. Mitotic and postmitotic senescence in plants. Sci Aging Know Environ; RE7.
  • Gepstein S, Thimann KV. 1980. Changes in the abscisic acid content of oat leaves during senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 2050–2053.
  • Gilmour SJ, Thomashow MF. 1991. Cold acclimation and cold-regulated gene expression in ABA mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 17: 1233–1240.
  • Gilmour SJ, Zarka DG, Stockinger EJ, Salazar MP, Houghton JM, Thomashow MF. 1998. Low temperature regulation of the Arabidopsis CBF family of AP2 transcriptional activators as an early step in cold-induced COR gene expression. Plant J 16: 433–442.
  • Gilmour SJ, Sebolt AM, Salazar MP, Everard JD, Thomashow MF. 2000. Overexpression of the Arabidopsis CBF3 transcriptional activator mimics multiple biochemical changes associated with cold acclimation. Plant Physiol 124: 1854–1865.
  • Giraudat J, Parcy F, Bertauche N, Gosti F, Leung J, Morris PC, Bouvier-Durand M, Vartanian N. 1994. Current advances in abscisic acid action and signalling. Plant Mol Biol 26: 1557–1577.
  • Gong M, Luit AH, Knight MR, Trewavas AJ. 1998. Heat shock induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ in tobacco seedling in relation to thermotolerance. Plant Physiol 116: 429–437.
  • van der Graaff E, Schwacke R, Schneider A, Desimone M, Flügge UI, Kunze R. 2006. Transcription analysis of arabidopsis membrane transporters and hormone pathways during developmental and induced leaf senescence. Plant Physiol 141: 776–792.
  • Gray GR, Chauvin LP, Sarhan F, Huner N. 1997. Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance (A Complex Interaction of Light and Temperature). Plant Physiol 114: 467–474.
  • Grbic V, Bleecker AB. 1995. Ethylene regulates the timing of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant J 8: 595–602.
  • Grennan AK. 2008. A transcriptomic footprint of reactive oxygen species. Plant Physiol 148: 1187–1188.
  • Grossmann K, Kwiatkowski J, Tresch S. 2001. Auxin herbicides induce H(2)O(2) overproduction and tissue damage in cleavers (Galium aparine L.). J Exp Bot 52: 1811–1816.
  • Guan LM, Zhao J, Scandalios JG. 2000. Cis-elements and trans-factors that regulate expression of the maize Cat1 antioxidant gene in response to ABA and osmotic stress: H2O2 is the likely intermediary signaling molecule for the response. Plant J 22: 87–95.
  • Guiltinan MJ, Marcotte WR Jr, Quatrano RS. 1990. A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes an abscisic acid response element. Science 250: 267–271.
  • Gusta LV, Trischuk R,Weiser CJ. 2005. Plant Cold Acclimation: The Role of Abscisic Acid. J Plant Growth Regul) 24: 308–318.
  • Haake V, Cook D, Riechmann JL, Pineda O, Thomashow MF, Zhang JZ. 2002. Transcription factor CBF4 is a regulator of drought adaptation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 130: 639–648.
  • Hansen H, Grossmann K. 2000. Auxin-induced ethylene triggers abscisic acid biosynthesis and growth inhibition. Plant Physiol 124: 1437–1448.
  • Hattori T, Totsuka M, Hobo T, Kagaya Y, Yamamoto-Toyoda A. 2002. Experimentally determined sequence requirement of ACGT-containing abscisic acid response element. Plant Cell Physiol 43: 136–140.
  • He P, Jin JY. 1999. Relationships among hormone changes, trans-membrane flux of Ca 2+ and lipid peroxidation during leaf senescing in spring maize. Acta Bot Sin 41: 1221–1225.
  • Hoth S, Morgante M, Sanchez JP, Hanafey MK, Tingey SV, Chua NH. 2002. Genome-wide gene expression profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals new targets of abscisic acid and largely impaired gene regulation in the abi1-1 mutant. J Cell Sci 115: 4891–4900.
  • Huner NPA, Oèquist G, Sarhan F. 1998. Energy balance and acclimation to light and cold. Trends Plant Sci 3: 224–230.
  • Jiang M, Zhang J. 2001. Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative defence system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 42: 1265–1273.
  • Jiang M, Zhang J. 2002. Role of abscissic acid in water stress-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. Free Radic Res 36: 1001–1015.
  • Kang HM, Saltveit ME. 2001. Activity of enzymatic antioxidant defence systems in chilled and heat shocked cucumber seedling radicles. Plant Physiol 113: 548–556.
  • Kasuga M, Liu Q, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. 1999. Improving plant drought, salt, and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor. Nat Biotechnol 17: 287–291.
  • Kizis D, Pagès M. 2002. Maize DRE-binding proteins DBF1 and DBF2 are involved in rab17 regulation through the drought-responsive element in an ABA-dependent pathway. Plant J 30: 679–689.
  • Knight H, Zarka DG, Okamoto H, Thomashow MF, Knight MR. 2004. Abscisic acid induces CBF gene transcription and subsequent induction of cold-regulated genes via the CRT promoter element. Plant Physiol 135: 1710–1717.
  • Lang V, Mantyla E, Welin B, Sundberg B, Palva ET. 1994. Alterations in Water Status, Endogenous Abscisic Acid Content, and Expression of rab18 Gene during the Development of Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 104: 1341–1349.
  • Li C, Puhakainen T, Welling A, Vihera-Aarnino A, Ernstsen A, Junttila O, Heino P, Palva ET. 2002. Cold acclimation in silver birch (Betula pendula). Development of freezing tolerance in different tissues and climatic ecotypes. Plant Physiol 116: 478–488.
  • Li C, Junttila O, Heino P, Palva ET. 2003a. Different responses of northern and southern ecotypes of Betula pendula to exogenous ABA application. Tree Physiol 23: 481–487.
  • Li C, Junttila O, Heino P, Palva ET. 2003b. Photoperiodic control of growth, cold acclimation and dormancy development in silver birch (Betula pendula) ecotypes. Plant Physiol 117: 206–212.
  • Lim PO, Nam HG. 2005. The molecular and genetic control of leaf senescence and longevity in Arabidopsis. Curr Top Dev Biol 67: 49–83.
  • Madhu A, Thomas G, Edward N.1999. The roles of abscisic acid and ethylene in the abscission and senescence of cocoa flowers. Plant Growth Regul 27: 149–155.
  • Mantyla E, Lang V, Palva ET. 1995. Role of Abscisic Acid in Drought-Induced Freezing Tolerance, Cold Acclimation, and Accumulation of LT178 and RAB18 Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 107: 141–148.
  • Mariya K, Courtney S, Qian W, Imara YP, Wendy FB, Christopher SB, Heike WS. 2010. Increasing inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate metabolism affects drought tolerance, carbohydrate metabolism and phosphate-sensitive biomass increases in tomato. Plant Biotech J 8: 170–183.
  • Masclaux C, Valadier MH, Brugière N, Morot-Gaudry JF, Hirel B. 2000. Characterization of the sink/source transition in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) shoots in relation to nitrogen management and leaf senescence. Planta 211: 510–518.
  • Miller JD, Arteca RN, Pell EJ. 1999. Senescence-associated gene expression during ozone-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 120: 1015–1024.
  • Moore B, Zhou L, Rolland F, Hall Q, Cheng WH, Liu YX, Hwang I, Jones T, Sheen J. 2003. Role of the Arabidopsis glucose sensor HXK1 in nutrient, light, and hormonal signaling. Science 300: 332–336.
  • Myking T. 1997. Control of winter dormancy and budburst in Betula pendula and B. pubescens ecotypes, Doctor Scientiarum Theses No.15, Agriculture University of Norway.
  • Nam HG. 1997. The molecular genetic analysis of leaf senescence. Curr Opin Biotechnol 8: 200–207.
  • Narusaka Y, Nakashima K, Shinwari ZK, Sakuma Y, Furihata T, Abe H, Narusaka M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2003. Interaction between two cis-acting elements, ABRE and DRE, in ABA-dependent expression of Arabidopsis rd29A gene in response to dehydration and high-salinity stresses. Plant J 34: 137–148.
  • Nayyar H, Bains T, Kumar S. 2004. Low temperature induced floral abortion in chickpea: relationship to abscisic acid and cryoprotectants in reproductive organs. Environ Exp Bot 52: 219–231.
  • Nilson SE, Assmann SM. 2007. The control of transpiration. Insights from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 143: 19–27.
  • Nooden LD. 1988. The phenomenon of senescence and aging. In: Noode`n LD, Leopold AC, eds. Senescence and aging in plants. San Diego: Academic Press, 2–50.
  • Nooden LD,Guiamet JJ, John I. 1997. Senescence mechanisms. Plant Physiol 101: 746–753.
  • Oh SA, Park JH, Lee GI, Paek KH, Park SK, Nam HG. 1997. Identification of three genetic loci controlling leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 12: 527–535.
  • Orvar BL, Sangwan V, Omann F, Dhindsa RS. 2000. Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin cytoskeleton and membrane fluidity. Plant J 23: 785–794.
  • Owens CL, Thomashow MF, Hancock JF, Iezzoni AF. 2002. CBF1 orthologs in sour cherry and strawberry and the heterologous expression of CBF1 in strawberry. J Am Soc Hort Sci 127: 489–494.
  • Passioura J. 2007. The drought environment: physical, biological and agricultural perspectives. J Exp Bot 58: 113–117.
  • Plieth C, Hansen UP, Knight H, Knight MR. 1999. Temperature sensing by plants: the primary characteristics of signal perception and calcium response. Plant J 18: 491–497.
  • Prasad TK, Anderson MD, Martin BA, Stewart CR. 1994. Evidence for Chilling-Induced Oxidative Stress in Maize Seedlings and a Regulatory Role for Hydrogen Peroxide. Plant Cell 6: 65–74.
  • Quirino BF, Normanly J, Amasino RM. 1999. Diverse range of gene activity during Arabidopsis thaliana leaf senescence includes pathogen-independent induction of defense-related genes. Plant Mol Biol 40: 267–278.
  • Quirino BF, Noh YS, Himelblau E, Amasino RM. 2000. Molecular aspects of leaf senescence. Trends Plant Sci 5: 278–282.
  • Quirino BF, Reiter WD, Amasino RD. 2001. One of two tandem Arabidopsis genes homologous to monosaccharide transporters is senescence-associated. Plant Mol Biol 46: 447–457.
  • Ray SD, Roy PP, Ray S. 2009. Sterodin, a novel immunostimulating drug: Some toxicological and pharmacological evaluations in vivo, and drug-lipid interaction studies in vitro. Acta Pharm 59: 325–334.
  • Rutten D, Santarius KA. 1992. Relationship between frost tolerance and sugar concentration of various bryophytes in summer and winter. Oecologia 91: 260–265.
  • Sakai A, Larcher W. 1987. Frost Survival of Plants: Responses and Adaptation to Freezing Stress. Springer, Berlin.
  • Sauter A, Davies WJ, Hartung W. 2001. The long-distance abscisic acid signal in the droughted plant: the fate of the hormone on its way from root to shoot. J Exp Bot 52: 1991–1997.
  • Seki M, Ishida J, Narusaka M, Fujita M, Nanjo T, Umezawa T, Kamiya A, Nakajima M, Enju A, Sakurai T. 2002. Monitoring the expression pattern of around 7,000 Arabidopsis genes under ABA treatments using a full-length cDNA microarray. Funct Integr Genomics 2: 282–291.
  • Shao HB, Liang ZS, Shao MA. 2005. LEA proteins in higher plants: Structure, function, gene expression and regulation. Biointerfaces 45: 131–135.
  • Shao HB, Jiang SY, Li FM, Chu LY, Zhao CX, Shao MA, Zhao XN, Li F. 2007. Some advances in plant stress physiology and their implications in the systems biology era. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 54: 33–36.
  • Shao HB, Chu LY, Shao MA. 2008. Calcium as a versatile Plant Signal Transducer under Soil Water Stress. BioEssays 30: 634–641.
  • Shao HB, Chu LY, Shao MA, Zhao CX. 2008. Advances in functional regulation mechanisms of plant aquaporins: their diversity, gene expression, localization, structure and roles in plant soil-water relations (Review). Mol Membr Biol 25: 179–191.
  • Shao HB, Chu LY, Jaleel CA, Zhao CX. 2008. Water-deficit stress-induced anatomical changes in higher plants. C R Biol 331: 215–225.
  • Shao HB, Chu LY, Lu ZH, Kang CM. 2008. Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plant cells. Int J Biol Sci 4: 8–14.
  • Shao HB, Chu LY, Jaleel CA, Manivannan P, Panneerselvam R, Shao MA. 2009. Understanding water deficit stress-induced changes in the basic metabolism of higher plants - biotechnologically and sustainably improving agriculture and the ecoenvironment in arid regions of the globe. Crit Rev Biotechnol 29: 131–151.
  • Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2000. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol 3: 217–223.
  • Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2000. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Curr Opin Plant Biol 3: 217–223.
  • Smart CM. 1994. Gene expression during leaf senescence. New Phytol 126: 419–448.
  • Stessman D, Miller A, Spalding M, Rodermel S. 2002. Regulation of photosynthesis during Arabidopsis leaf development in continuous light. Photosyn Res 72: 27–37.
  • Tadas P, Agata P, Philip DR, Bernard R, Elsbeth LW. 1999. Identification of senescence-associated genes from daylily petals. Plant Mol Biol 40: 237–248.
  • Thomashow MF. 1999. Plant cold acclimation: Freezing Tolerance Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 50: 571–599.
  • Thomashow MF. 2001. So what’s new in the field of plant cold acclimation? Lots! Plant Physiol 125: 89–93.
  • Toldi O, Tuba Z, Scott P. 2009. Vegetative desiccation tolerance: Is it a goldmine for bioengineering crops? Plant Sci 176: 187–199.
  • Uno Y, Furihara, T, Abe H, Yoshida R, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. 2000. Arabidopsis basic leucine zipper transcription factors involved in an abscisic acid-dependent signal transduction pathway under drought and high-salinity conditions. PNAS 97: 11632–11637.
  • von Caemmerer S,Baker N. 2007. The Biology of Transpiration. From Guard Cells to Globe.Plant Physiol 143: 3.
  • Verslues PE, Agarwal M, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Zhu JH,Zhu JK. 2006. Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water Status. Plant J 45: 523–539.
  • Weaver L, Himelblau E, Amasino R. 1997. Leaf senescence: gene expression and regulation. In: Setlow JK, ed. Genetic engineering. Principles and methods. New York: Plenum Press: 215–234.
  • Weaver LM, Gan S, Quirino B, Amasino RM. 1998. A comparison of the expression patterns of several senescence-associated genes in response to stress and hormone treatment. Plant Mol Biol 37: 455–469.
  • Welling A, Kaikuranta P,Rinne P. 1997. Photoperiodic induction of dormancy and freezing tolerance in Betula pubescens. Involvement of ABA and dehydrins. Plant Physiol 100: 119–125.
  • Wingler A, Von Schaewen A, Leegood RC, Lea PJ, Quick WP. 1998. Regulation of leaf senescence by cytokinin, sugars, and light effects on NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase. Planta 116: 329–335.
  • Xin Z, Browse J. 2000. Cold comfort farm: the acclimation of plants to freezing temperatures. Plant Cell Environ 23: 893–902.
  • Xing W, Rajashekar CB. 2001. Glycine betaine involvement in freezing tolerance and water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Environ Exp Bot 46: 21–28.
  • Xiong L, Lee BH, Ishitani M, Lee H, Zhang C, Zhu JK. 2001. FIERY1 encoding an inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase is a negative regulator of abscisic acid and stress signaling in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev 15: 89–98.
  • Xiong L, Lee BH, Ishitani M, Lee H, Zhu JK. 2002. Regulation of osmotic stress-responsive gene expression by the LOS6/ABA1 locus in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 56: 277–289.
  • Xiong L, Zhu JK. 2003. Regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 133: 29–36.
  • Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. 2005. Organization of cis-acting regulatory elements in osmotic- and cold-stress-responsive promoters. Trends Plant Sci 10: 88–94.
  • Yang J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Liu L. 2002. Abscisic acid and cytokinins in the root exudates and leaves and their relationship to senescence and remobilization of carbon reserves in rice subjected to water stress during grain filling. Planta 215: 645–652.
  • Yang JC, Zhang JH, Wang ZQ, Zhu QS, Liu LJ. 2003. Involvement of abscisic acid and cytokinins in the senescence and remobilization of carbon reserves in wheat subjected to water stress during grain filling. Plant Cell Environ 26: 1621–1631.
  • Zhu JK. 2001. Cell signaling under salt, water and cold stresses. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4: 401–406.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.