In vitro flowering of orchids

References

• Arditti J. (1967). Factors affecting the germination of orchid seeds. Bot Rev, 33, 1–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arditti J. (1992). Fundamentals of Orchid Biology. New York: John Wiley and Sons
   Google Scholar
• Bernier G. (1988). The control of floral evocation and morphogenesis. Ann Rev Plant Physiol Mol Biol, 39, 175–219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernier G, Havelange A, Houssa C, et al. (1993). Physiological signs that induce flowering. Plant Cell, 5, 1147–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadra SK, Hossain MM. (2003). In vitro flowering in Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. J Orchid Soc India, 17, 63–6
   Google Scholar
• Blanchard MG, Runkle ES. (2008). Benzyladenine promotes flowering in Doritaenopsis and Phalaenopsis orchids. J Plant Growth Regul, 27, 141–50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos KO, Kerbauy GB. (2004). Thermoperiodic effect on flowering and endogenous hormonal status in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). J Plant Physiol, 161, 1385–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecich RA. (1985). White spruce (Picea glauca) flowering in response to spray application of gibberellin A. Can J For Res, 15, 170–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cen XF, Huang CH, Wei PX. (2010). Effects of hormone factors on the in vitro culture flowering induction of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. Agric Sci Tech, 11, 75–9
   Google Scholar
• Chang C, Chang WC. (2003). Cytokinins promotion of flowering in Cymbidium ensifolium var. misericos in vitro. Plant Growth Regul, 39, 217–21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang YY, Kao NH, Li JY, et al. (2010). Characterization of the possible roles for B functional MADS box genes in regulation of perianth formation in orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey). Plant Physiol, 152, 837–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JT. (2012). Induction of petal-bearing embryos from root-derived callus of Oncidium ‘Gower Ramsey’. Acta Physiol Plant, 34, 1337–43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WH, Hsu CY, Cheng HY, et al. (2011). Down regulation of putative UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase gene alters flower coloring in Phalaenopsis. Plant Cell Rep, 30, 1007–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WS, Liu HY, Liu ZH, et al. (1994). Gibberellin and temperature influence carbohydrate content and flowering in Phalaenopsis. Physiol Plant, 90, 391–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WS, Chang HY, Chen WH, Lin YS. (1997). Gibberellic acid and cytokinin affect Phalaenopsis flower morphology at high temperature. HortScience, 32, 1069–73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia TF, Arditti J, Segeren MI, Hew CS. (1999). Review: in vitro flowering in orchids. Lindleyana, 14, 60–76
   Google Scholar
• Chiou CY, Wu K, Yeh KW. (2008). Characterization and promoter activity of chromoplast specific carotenoid associated gene (CHRC) from Oncidium Gower Ramsey. Biotechnol Lett, 30, 1861–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiou CY, Yeh KW. (2008). Differential expression of MYB gene (OgMYB1) determines color patterning in floral tissue of Oncidium Gower Ramsey. Plant Mol Biol, 66, 379–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu YT, Lin CS, Chang C. (2011). In vitro fruiting and seed production in Erycina pusilla. Prop Ornamental Plants, 11, 131–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou CC, Chen WS, Huang KL, et al. (2000). Changes in cytokinin levels of Phalaenopsis leaves at high temperature. Plant Physiol Biochem, 38, 309–14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbesier L, Coupland G. (2006). The quest for florigen: a review of recent progress. J Exp Bot, 57, 3395–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb CR, Sungkumlong. (2009). Rapid multiplication and induction of early in vitro flowering in Dendrobium primulinum Lindl. J Plant Biochem Biotech, 18, 241–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewir YH, Chakrabarty D, Ali MB, et al. (2007). Influence of GA3, sucrose and solid medium/bioreactor culture on in vitro flowering of Spathiphyllum and association of glutathione metabolism. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, 90, 225–35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan JX, Yazawa S. (1994a). Induction of floral development xDoriella Tiny (Doritis pulcherrima x Kingiella philippinensis). Sci Hortic, 59, 253–64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan JX, Yazawa S. (1994b). In vitro flowering of Doriella. Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. Proceedings of NIOC; Nagoya, Japan, 87–96
   Google Scholar
• Duan JX, Yazawa S. (1995a). Floral induction and development in Phalaenopsis in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, 43, 71–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan JX, Yazawa S. (1995b). Induction of precocious flowering and seed formation of x Doriella Tiny (Doritis pulcherrima x Kingiella philippinensis. in vitro and in vivo. Acta Hortic, 397, 103–10
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira WM. (2003). Comportamento organogenético de meristemas caulinares de Dendrobium “Second Love” (Orchidaceae) in vitro [PhD Thesis]. Brazil: Universidade de São Paulo. 142 p
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira WM, Kerbauy GB. (2002). The effects of different concentrations of thidiazuron and sucrose on shoot proliferation and flowering of Dendrobium nobile Second Love (Orchidaceae) in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol –Plant, 38, 117 (Abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira WM, Kerbauy GB, Kraus JE, et al. (2006). Thidiazuron influences the endogenous levels of cytokinins and IAA during flowering of isolated shoots of Dendrobium. J Plant Physiol, 163, 1126–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge L, Yong JWH, Tan SN, Ong ES. (2006). Determination of cytokinins in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis, 27, 2171–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh CJ, Arditti J. (1985). Handbook of Flowering. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press
   Google Scholar
• Goh CJ, Strauss MS, Arditti J. (1982). Flower induction and physiology of orchids p. 214–241. Orchid Biology. Review and Perspectives. Vol. 2. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press
   Google Scholar
• Goh CJ, Yang AL. (1978). Effects of growth-regulators and decapitation on flowering of Dendrobium orchid hybrids. Plant Sci Lett, 12, 287–92
   Google Scholar
• Guo B, Chen DH, Dai W, et al. (2006). Cloning and expression analysis of a Phalaenopsis flowering-related gene pPI9. J Fudan Uni (Nat Sci), 45, 277–82
   Google Scholar
• Guan P, Shi JM. (2009). Tissue culture of stem segment and induction of floral buds of Dendrobium denndanum. Lishizhen Med Materia Med Res, 20, 205–6
   Google Scholar
• Hee KH, Loh CS, Yeoh HH. (2007). Early in vitro flowering and seed production in culture in Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Rep, 26, 2055–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hew CS, Clifford PE. (1993). Plant-growth regulators and the orchid cut-flower industry. Plant Growth Regul, 13, 231–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hew CS, Yong JWH. (1997). The Physiology of Tropical Orchids in Relation to the Industry. Singapore: World Scientific
   Google Scholar
• Hou CJ, Yang CH. (2009). Functional analysis of FT and TFL1 orthologs from orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) that regulate the vegetative to reproductive transition. Plant Cell Physiol, 50, 1544–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain MM, Kant R, Van PT, et al. (2013). The application of biotechnology to orchids. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 32, 69–139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao YY, Pan ZJ, Hsu CC, et al. (2011). Research on orchid biology and biotechnology. Plant Cell Physiol, 52, 1467–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao YY, Tsai WC, Chen WH, Chen HH. (2008). Floral scent in Phalaenopsis. In: Teixeira da Silva JA, ed. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: advances and Topical Issues (1st Edn, Vol. V). Isleworth, UK: Global Science Books, Ltd., Chapter 40, 408–20
   Google Scholar
• Hsu HF, Yang CH. (2002). An orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) AP3-like MADS genes regulates floral formation and initiation. Plant Cell Physiol, 43, 1198–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu HF, Huang CH, Chou LT, Yang CH. (2003). Ectopic expression of an orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) AGL6-like gene promotes flowering by activation flowering time genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol, 44, 783–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WT Fang ZM, Zeng SJ, et al. (2012). Molecular cloning and functional analysis of three FT homologous genes from Chinese Cymbidium. Int J Mol Sci, 13, 11385–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huijser P, Schmid M. (2011). The control of development phase transition in plants. Development, 138, 4117–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia YJ, Chen F, Lin HH, et al. (1998). Studies on the induction and differentiation of cluster-protocorm of Cymbidium ensifolium SW. J Sichuan Uni (Nat Sci Edition), 35, 258–62
   Google Scholar
• Jia YJ, Cao YL, Wang, B, et al. (2000). Studies of the culture of internode of flower branch of China orchid. J Sichuan Uni (Nat Sci Edition), 37, 94–7
   Google Scholar
• Kachonpadungkitti Y, Romchatngoen S, Hasegawa K, Hisajima S. (2001). Efficient flower induction from cultured buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.) node segments in vitro. Plant Growth Regul, 35, 37–45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamemoto H, Amore TD, Kuehnle AR. (1999). Breeding Dendrobium orchids in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
   Google Scholar
• Kerbauy G. (1984). In vitro flowering of Oncidium varicosum mericlones (Orchidaceae). Plant Sci Lett, 35, 73–5
   Google Scholar
• King RW, Hisamatsu T, Goldschmidt EE, Blundell C. (2008). The nature of floral signals in Arabidopsis thaliana. I. Photosynthesis and a far-red photoresponse independently regulated flowering by increasing expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). J Exp Bot, 59, 3811–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudson L. (1946). A new nutrient solution for the germination of orchid seeds. Am Orchid Soc Bull, 15, 214–7
   Google Scholar
• Kostenyuk I, Oh BJ, So IS. (1999). Induction of early flowering in Cymbidium niveo-marginatum Mak in vitro. Plant Cell Rep, 19, 1–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsov VV, Shevyakova NI. (2007). Polyamines and stress tolerance of plants. Plant Stress, 1, 50–71
   Google Scholar
• Lee SK, Koay SH. (1986). Effects of benzyladenine and gibberellic acid on the flowering of Dendrobium Louisae. Proceedings of 5th Asian Orchid Congress; Singapore, 87–8
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay DL, Sawhney VK, Bonham-Smith PC. (2006). Cytokinin-induced changes in CLAVATA1 and WUSCHEL expression temporally coincide with altered floral development in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci, 170, 1111–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd GB, McCown BH. (1981). Commercially feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot tip culture. Proc Int Plant Prop Soc, 30, 421–7
   Google Scholar
• Matsumoto TK. (2006). Gibberellic acid and benzyladenine promote early flowering and vegetative growth of Miltoniopsis orchid hybrids. HortScience, 41, 131–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel CN. (1996). Developmental physiology of floral initiation in Nicotiana tabacum L. J Exp Bot, 47, 465–75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murashige T, Skoog F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio-assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant, 15, 473–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy BNS, Murch SJ, Saxena PK. (1995). TDZ-induced morphogenesis somatic embryogenesis in intact seedling of peanut (Arachis hypogaeae): endogenous growth regulator levels and significance of cotyledons. Physiol Plant, 94, 268–76
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy BNS, Murch SJ, Saxena PK. (1998). Thidiazuron: a potent regulator of in vitro morphogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant, 34, 267–75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadgauda RS, Parasharmi VA, Mascarenhas AF. (1990). Precocious flowering and seedling behaviour in tissue-cultured bamboos. Nature, 344, 335–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan ZJ, Cheng CC, Tsai WC, et al. (2011). The duplicated B-class MADSs-box genes display dualist characters in orchids floral organ identity and growth. Plant Cell Physiol, 52, 1515–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang XM, Zhang ZY, Wen XP, et al. (2007). Polyamines, all-purpose players in response to environmental stresses in plants. Plant Stress, 1, 173–88
   Google Scholar
• Pinyopich A, Ditta DS, Savidge B, et al. (2003). Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development. Nature, 424, 85–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan V. (1966). Nutrition, growth and morphogenesis of plant embryos. Biol Rev, 41, 1–58
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez F, Davenport TL, Fischer G. (2010). The number of leaves required for floral induction and translocation of the florigenic promoter in mango (Mangifera indica L.) in a tropical climate. Sci Hortic, 123, 443–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojanawong T, Thepsithar C, Thongpukdee A. (2006). Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis Cygnus ‘Silky Moon’ from leaf segments. Proceedings of the 32nd Congress on Science and Technology of Thailand; 2006 Oct 10--12; Bangkok
   Google Scholar
• Ruan C-J, Teixeira da Silva JA. (2012). Evolutionary assurance vs. mixed mating. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 31, 290–302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai A, Matsumoto T, Hirai D, Niino T. (2000). Newly developed encapsulation-dehydration protocol for plant cryopreservation. CryoLetters, 21, 53–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakanishi Y, Imanishi H, Ishida G. (1980). Effect of temperature on growth and flowering of Phalaenopsis amabilis. Bull Univ Osaka Pref Ser B, 32, 1–9
   Google Scholar
• Scorza R. (1982). In vitro flowering: a review. HortScience, 4, 106–27
   Google Scholar
• Scorza R, Janick J. (1980). In vitro flowering of Passiflora suberosa L. J Am Soc Hortic Sci, 105, 892–89
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo PJ, Ryu J, Kang SK, Park CM. (2011). Modulation of sugar metabolism by an INDETERMINATE domain transcription factor contributed to photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. Plant J, 65, 418–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim GE, Goh CJ, Loh CS. (2008). Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels. Plant Cell Rep, 27, 1281–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sim GE, Loh CS, Goh CJ. (2007). High frequency early in vitro flowering of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Rep, 26, 383–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotthikul C, Choomporn P, Kammuen S, Suwanthada C. (2010). Effects of some cytokinins, auxins and medium constituents on in vitro propagation of Polystachya sp. AsPac J Mol Biol Biotechnol, 18, 111–14
   Google Scholar
• Su WR, Chen WS, Koshioka M, et al. (2001). Changes in gibberellin levels in the flowering shoot of Phalaenopsis hybrida under high temperature conditions when flower development is blocked. Plant Physiol Biotech, 39, 45–50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su CL, Chao YT, Chang YCA, et al. (2011). De novo assembly of expressed transcripts and global analysis of the Phalaenopsis aphrodite transcriptome. Plant Cell Physiol, 52, 1501–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudhakaran S, Teixeira da Silva JA, Sreeramanan S. (2006). Test tube bouquets - in vitro flowering. In: Teixeira da Silva JA, ed. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: advances and Topical Issues (1st edn, Vol. II). Isleworth, UK: Global Science Books, Ltd., Chapter 45, 336–46
   Google Scholar
• Taylor NJ, Van Staden J. (2006). Towards an understanding of the manipulation of in vitro flowering. In: Teixeira da Silva JA, ed. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: advances and Topical Issues (1st edn, Vol. IV). Isleworth, UK: Global Science Books, 1–22
   Google Scholar
• Te-chato S, Nujeen P, Muangsorn S. (2009). Paclobutrazol enhance budbreak and flowering of Friederick’s Dendrobium orchid in vitro. J Agric Technol, 5, 157–65
   Google Scholar
• Tee CS, Maziah M, Tan CS. (2008). Induction of in vitro flowering in the orchid Dendrobium Sonia 17. Biol Plant, 52, 723–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA. (2012). Is BA (6-benzyladenine) BAP (6-benzylaminopurine)? Asian Austral. J Plant Sci Biotech, 6, 121–4
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA. (2013a). Orchids: advances in tissue culture, genetics, phytochemistry and transgenic biotechnology. Floriculture Ornamental Biotech, 7, 1–52
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA. (2013b). The role of thin cell layers in regeneration and transformation in orchids. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, 113, 149–61
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Chin DP, Van PT, Mii M. (2011). Transgenic orchids. Sci Hortic, 130, 673–80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Dobránszki J. (2013). Plant thin cell layers: a 40-year celebration. J Plant Growth Reg. DOI 10.1007/s10535-013-0306-4
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Nhut DT. (2003a). Thin cell layers and floral morphogenesis, floral genetics and in vitro flowering. In: Nhut DT, Tran Thanh Van K, Le BV, Thorpe T, eds. Thin Cell Layer Culture System: regeneration and Transformation Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 285–342
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Nhut DT. (2003b). Control of plant organogenesis: genetic and biochemical signals in plant organ form and development. In: Nhut DT, Tran Thanh Van K, Le BV Thorpe T, eds. Thin Cell Layer Culture System: regeneration and Transformation Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 135–90
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Tanaka M. (2011). Thin Cell Layers: the Technique. In: Davey M, Anthony P, eds. Plant Cell Culture: Methods Express. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 25–37
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Tran Thanh Van K, Biondi S, et al. (2007). Thin cell layers: developmental building blocks in ornamental biotechnology. Floriculture Ornamental Biotech, 1, 1–13
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira da Silva JA, Yam T, Fukai S, Nayak N, Tanaka M. (2005). Establishment of optimum nutrient media for in vitro propagation of Cymbidium Sw. (Orchidaceae) using protocorm-like body segments. Propagation Ornamental Plants, 5, 129–36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Than MMM, Pal A, Jha S. (2009). In vitro flowering and propagation of Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl., the royal flower of Myanmar. Acta Hort, 829, 105–11
   Google Scholar
• Thiruvengadam M, Chung IM, Yang CH. (2012). Over expression of Oncidium MADS box (OMADS1) gene promotes early flowering in transgenic orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey). Acta Physiol. Plant, 34, 1295–302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas TD. (2008). The role of activated charcoal in plant tissue culture. Biotechnol Adv, 26, 618–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tooke F, Ordidge M, Chiurugwi T, Battey N. (2005). Mechanisms and function of flower and inflorescence reversion. J Exp Bot, 56, 2587–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulecke W, Weinstein LH, Rutner A, Laurencot HJ. (1961). The biochemical composition of coconut water (coconut milk) as related to its use in plant tissue culture. Contributions from Boyce Thompson Institute, 21, 115–28
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull C. (2011). Long-distance regulation of flowering time. J Exp Bot, 62, 4399–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tymoszuk J, Saniewski M, Rudnicki RM. (1979). The physiology of Hyacinth bulbs. 15. The effect of gibberellic acid and silver nitrate on dormancy release and growth. Sci Hortic, 11, 95–100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vacin E, Went FW. (1949). Some pH changes in nutrient solutions. Bot Gaz, 110, 605–13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz APA. (2002). Crescimento vegetativo e floral de plantas de Psygmorchis pusilla (Orchidaceae) [PhD Thesis]. Brazil: Universidade de São Paulo. 139 p
   Google Scholar
• Vaz APA, Kerbauy GB. (2000). Effects of mineral nutrients on in vitro growth and flower formation of Psygmorchis pusilla (Orchidaceae). Acta Hortic, 520, 149–56
   Google Scholar
• Vaz APA, Figueiredo-Ribeiro RCL, Kerbauy GB. (2004). Photoperiod and temperature effects on in vitro growth and flowering of P. pusilla an epiphytic orchid. Plant Physiol. Biochem, 42, 411–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz APA, Kerbauy GB. (2008a). In vitro precocious orchid flowering: a strategy for basic research and commercial approaches. In: Teixeira da Silva JA, ed. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: advances and Topical Issues (1st Edn, Vol. V). Isleworth, UK: Global Science Books, Ltd., Chapter 45, 421–6
   Google Scholar
• Vaz APA, Kerbauy GB. (2008b). In vitro flowering studies in Psygmorchis pusilla. In: Teixeira da Silva JA, ed. Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology: advances and Topical Issues (1st Edn, Vol. V). Isleworth, UK: Global Science Books, Ltd., Chapter 42, 421–6
   Google Scholar
• Venglat SP, Sawhney VK. (1996). Benzylaminopurine induces phenocopies of floral meristem and organ identity mutants in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. Planta, 198, 480–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu NH, Anh PH, Nhut DT. (2006). The role of sucrose and different cytokinins in the in vitro floral morphogenesis of Rose (hybrid tea) cv. “First Prize”. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, 87, 315–20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang GY, Liu P, Xu ZH, Chua NH. (1995). Effect of ABA on the in vitro production of flower buds of Dendrobium candidum Wall. Ex Lindl. Acta Bot Sin, 37, 374–8
   Google Scholar
• Wang GY, Xu ZH, Chia TF, Chua NH. (1997). In vitro flowering of Dendrobium candidum. Sci China (Ser. C), 40, 35–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang WY, Chen WS, Chen WH, et al. (2002). Influence of abscisic acid on flowering in Phalaenopsis hybrid. Plant Physiol Biochem, 40, 97–100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X. (1984). Studies on the orchid clonal propagation and floral bud differentiation by means of tissue culture. Acta Phytophysiol Sin, 10, 391–7
   Google Scholar
• Wang X. (1988). Tissue culture of Cymbidium: plant and flower induction in vitro. Lindleyana, 3, 184–9
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Chen JC, Liu GY, et al. (1981). Clonal propagation of orchids by means of tissue culture. Acta Phytophysiol Sin, 7, 203–7
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Zhang JY, Lian K, et al. (1988). Studies on Cymbidium ensifolium Susin clonal propagation and flower bud differentiation by means of tissue culture. Acta Hortic Sin, 15, 205–8
   Google Scholar
• Wang YQ, Du L, Wang SQ. (2005). Research development of flowering control of Phalaenopsis. Northern Hortic, 3, 34–6
   Google Scholar
• Wang ZH, Tu HY, Ye QS. (2006). Rapid propagation and in vitro flowering of Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. Plant Physiol Comm, 42, 1143–4
   Google Scholar
• Wang ZH, Wang L, Ye QS. (2009). High frequency early flowering from in vitro seedlings of Dendrobium nobile. Sci Hortic, 122, 328–31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherhead MA, Burdon J, Henshaw GG. (1978). Some effects of activated charcoal as an additive to plant tissue culture media. Zeit Pflanzenphysiol, 89, 141–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen YF, Lu RL, Xie ZL. (1999). Rapid propagation and induction of floral buds of Dendrobium huoshanase. Plant Physiol Comm, 35, 296–7
   Google Scholar
• Xu Y, Teo LL, Zhou J, et al. (2006). Floral organ identity genes in the orchid Dendrobium crumenatum. Plant J, 46, 54–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu H, Goh CJ. (2000a). Differential gene expression during floral transition in an orchid hybrid Dendrobium Madame Thong-In. Plant Cell Rep, 19, 926–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu H, Goh CJ. (2000b). Identification and characterization of three orchid MADS-box genes of the AP1/AGL9 subfamily during floral transition. Plant Physiol, 123, 1325–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu H, Goh CJ. (2001). Molecular genetics of reproductive biology in orchids. Plant Physiol, 127, 1390–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeevaart JAD. (2006). Florigen coming of age after 70 years. Plant Cell, 18, 1783–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng SJ, Liang S, Zhang YY, et al. (2013). In vitro flowering of red miniature rose. Biol Plant, 57, 401--9
   Google Scholar
• Zhang JX, Zeng SJ, Wu KL, et al. (2013). Transcriptome analysis of Cymbidium sinense and its application to the identification of genes associated with floral development. BMC Genomics, 14, 279
   Google Scholar
• Zhang JY, Yu LF, Lian HK. (1993). Some factors influencing the growth and differentiation of Cymbidium goeringii protocorm. Plant Physiol Comm, 29, 175–8
   Google Scholar
• Zhao DK, Li CF, Chen ZY, Yang JB. (2012). In vitro flowering and conservation of Dendrobidium strongylanthum Rchb.f. Subtropical Plant Sci, 41, 48–50
   Google Scholar
• Zheng LM, Pang JL. (2006). In vitro flowering of cultures from a hybrid of Cymbidium goeringii and C. hybridium. J Plant Physiol Mol Biol, 32, 320–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu GB, Yang BY, Ao AX. (2008). Tissue culture and in vitro flowering of Cymbidium kanran Makino. Plant Physiol Comm, 44, 513–4
   Google Scholar
• Zhu GB. (2006). Rapid propagation protocol in the culture of Cymbidium kanran Makino and in vitro flowering [Master Thesis]. Nanchang: Nanchang University
   Google Scholar
• Ziv M, Naor V. (2006). Flowering of geophytes in vitro. Propag Ornamental Plants, 6, 3–16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar