Publication Cover
Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 26, 2009 - Issue 6
259
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Papers

DO RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS) AND PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS OF SLEEP (PLMS) PLAY A ROLE IN NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION AND INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK OF RENALLY IMPAIRED PATIENTS?

, , , &
Pages 1206-1221 | Received 20 Mar 2009, Accepted 14 May 2009, Published online: 06 Oct 2009

REFERENCES

  • Akerstedt T, Ingre M, Broman JE, Kecklund G. (2008). Disturbed sleep in shift workers, day workers, and insomniacs. Chronobiol. Int. 25:333–348.
  • Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J, Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosis and Epidemiology Workshop at the National Institutes of Health; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. (2003). Restless Legs Syndrome: Diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosis and Epidemiology Workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med. 4:101–119.
  • Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, Hening W, Myers A, Bell TJ, Ferini-Strambi L. (2005). Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Arch. Intern. Med. 165:1286–1292.
  • American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). (2005). The international classification of sleep disorders. Westchester, Ill: American Academy of Medicine.
  • Arraj M, Lemmer B. (2007). Endothelial nitric oxide is not involved in circadian rhythm generation of BP: Experiments in wild-type C57 and eNOS knock-out mice under light-dark and free-run conditions. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1231–1240.
  • Axelsson J, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T, Donofrio P, Lekander M, Ingre M. (2008). Sleepiness and performance in response to repeated sleep restriction and subsequent recovery during semi-laboratory conditions. Chronobiol. Int. 25:297–308.
  • Ayas NT, White DP, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Malhotra A, Hu FB. (2003). A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women. Arch. Intern. Med. 163:205–209.
  • Bankir L, Bochud M, Maillard M, Bovet P, Gabriel A, Burnier M. (2008). Nighttime BP and nocturnal dipping are associated with daytime urinary sodium excretion in African subjects. Hypertension 51:891–898.
  • Baumgart P, Walger P, Gemen S, von Eiff M, Raidt H, Rahn KH. (1991). BP elevation during the night in chronic renal failure, hemodialysis and after transplantation. Nephron 57:293–298.
  • Benedetti F, Dallaspezia S, Fulgosi MC, Barbini B, Colombo C, Smeraldi E. (2007). Phase advance is an actimetric correlate of antidepressant response to sleep deprivation and light therapy in bipolar depression. Chronobiol. Int. 24:921–937.
  • Benz RL, Pressman MR, Hovick ET, Peterson DD. (2000). Potential novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disorders. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35:1052–1060.
  • Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Baldari G, Sgherri G, Campese VM. (1994). Diurnal variations of BP and microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 7:23–29.
  • Biggi N, Consonni D, Galluzzo V, Sogliani M, Costa G. (2008). Metabolic syndrome in permanent night workers. Chronobiol. Int. 25:443–454.
  • Blackwell T, Yaffe K, Ancoli-Israel S, Schneider JL, Cauley JA, Hillier TA, Fink HA, Stone KL. (2006). Poor sleep is associated with impaired cognitive function in older women: The study of osteoporotic fractures. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 61:405–410.
  • Bohle P, Di Milia L, Fletcher A, Rajaratnam S. (2008). Introduction: Aging and the multifaceted influences on adaptation to working time. Chronobiol. Int. 25:155–164.
  • Boulamery A, Kadra G, Simon N, Besnard T, Bruguerolle B. (2007). Chronopharmacokinetics of imipenem in the rat. Chronobiol. Int. 24:961–968.
  • Bruguerolle B. (2008). Clinical chronopharmacology in the elderly. Chronobiol. Int. 25:1–15.
  • Burioka N, Miyata M, Fukuoka Y, Endo M, Shimizu E. (2008). Day-night variations of serum interleukin-6 in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Chronobiol. Int. 25:827–834.
  • Camerino D, Conway PM, Sartori S, Campanini P, Estryn-Behar M, van der Heijden BI, Costa G. (2008). Factors affecting work ability in day and shift-working nurses. Chronobiol. Int. 25:425–442.
  • Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA, de Leeuw PW, Duprez DA, Fagard RH, Gheeraert PJ, Missault LH, Braun JJ, Six RO, Van Der Niepen P, O'Brien E. (2003). Prognostic value of ambulatory blood-pressure recordings in patients with treated hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 348:2407–2415.
  • Coleman RM. (1982). Periodic leg movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and Restless Leg Syndrome. In Guilleminault C. ( ed.) Sleep and waking disorders: Indications and techniques Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley, pp. 265–295.
  • Colognesi I, Pasquali V, Foa A, Renzi P, Bernardi F, Bertolucci C, Pinotti M. (2007). Temporal variations of coagulation factor VII activity in mice are influenced by lighting regime. Chronobiol. Int. 24:305–313.
  • Cortelli P, Parchi P, Sforza E, Contin M, Pierangeli G, Barletta G, Lugaresi E. (1994). Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in normotensive awake subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Clin. Auton. Res. 4:57–62.
  • Costa G, Di Milia L. (2008). Aging and shift work: a complex problem to face. Chronobiol. Int. 25:165–181.
  • Coste O, Van Beers P, Touitou Y. (2007). Impact of hypobaric hypoxia in pressurized cabins of simulated long-distance flights on the 24 h patterns of biological variables, fatigue, and clinical status. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1139–1157.
  • Coudert B, Focan C, Genet D, Giacchetti S, Cvickovic F, Zambelli A, Fillet G, Chollet P, Amoroso D, Van Der Auwera J, Lentz MA, Marreaud S, Baron B, Gorlia T, Biville F, Levi F. (2008). A randomized multicenter study of optimal circadian time of vinorelbine combined with chronomodulated 5-fluorouracil in pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients: EORTC trial 05971. Chronobiol. Int. 25:680–696.
  • Csiky B, Kovacs T, Wagner L, Vass T, Nagy J. (1999). Ambulatory BP monitoring and progression in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 14:86–90.
  • Danilenko KV, Plisov IL, Hebert M, Krauchi K, Wirz-Justice A. (2008). Influence of timed nutrient diet on depression and light sensitivity in seasonal affective disorder. Chronobiol. Int. 25:51–64.
  • Davidson MB, Vidt DG, Hoogwerf BJ, Brotman DJ. (2005). Relation of diurnal BP variation and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in patients without diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Cardiol. 95:123–126.
  • Davidson MB, Hix JK, Vidt DG, Brotman DJ. (2006). Association of impaired diurnal BP variation with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Arch. Intern. Med. 166:846–852.
  • Devereux RB, de Simone G, Ganau A, Roman MJ. (1994). Left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodelling in hypertension: Stimuli, functional consequences and prognostic implications. J. Hypertens. 12(Suppl. 10):117–127.
  • Digdon NL, Howell AJ. (2008). College students who have an eveningness preference report lower self-control and greater procrastination. Chronobiol. Int. 25:1029–1046.
  • Dispersyn G, Pain L, Challet E, Touitou Y. (2008). General anesthetics effects on circadian temporal structure: An update. Chronobiol. Int. 25:835–850.
  • Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, Hinedi K, Atkins N, McClory S, Den Hond E, McCormack P, Staessen JA, O'Brien E. (2005). Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: The Dublin outcome study. Hypertension 46:156–161.
  • Dridi D, Ben-Attia M, Sani M, Djebli N, Sauvage FL, Boughattas NA. (2008). Circadian time-effect of orally administered loratadine on plasma pharmacokinetics in mice. Chronobiol. Int. 25:533–547.
  • Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Reilly T. (2007). The effects of circadian rhythmicity and time-awake on a simple motor task. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1109–1124.
  • Eguchi K, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE, Hoshide S, Ishikawa J, Ishikawa S, Shimada K, Kario K. (2008). Short sleep duration as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. 168(20):2225–2231.
  • Farmer CK, Goldsmith DJ, Cox J, Dallyn P, Kingswood JC, Sharpstone P. (1997). An investigation of the effect of advancing uraemia, renal replacement therapy and renal transplantation on BP diurnal variability. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 12:2301–2307.
  • Fava M. (2004). Daytime sleepiness and insomnia as correlates of depression. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 65(Suppl. 16):27–32.
  • Fischer FM, Nagai R, Teixeira LR. (2008). Explaining sleep duration in adolescents: The impact of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors and working status. Chronobiol. Int. 25:359–372.
  • Folkard S. (2008a). Do permanent night workers show circadian adjustment? A review based on the endogenous melatonin rhythm. Chronobiol. Int. 25:215–224.
  • Folkard S. (2008b). Shift work, safety, and aging. Chronobiol. Int. 25:183–198.
  • Gander P, Signal L. (2008). Who is too old for shift work? Developing better criteria. Chronobiol. Int. 25:199–213.
  • Gander P, Millar M, Webster C, Merry A. (2008a). Sleep loss and performance of anaesthesia trainees and specialists. Chronobiol. Int. 25:1077–1091.
  • Gander P, van den Berg M, Signal L. (2008b). Sleep and sleepiness of fishermen on rotating schedules. Chronobiol. Int. 25:389–398.
  • Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, Buijs RM, Kreier F, Pickering TG, Rundle AG, Zammit GK, Malaspina D. (2006). Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: Analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension 47:833–839.
  • Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, Buijs RM, Kreier F, Opler MG, Pickering TG, Rundle AG, Zammit GK, Malaspina D. (2008). Sleep duration associated with mortality in elderly, but not middle-aged, adults in a large U.S. sample. Sleep 31:1087–1096.
  • Garcia-Borreguero D, Larrosa O, Bravo M. (2003). Parkinson's disease and sleep. Sleep Med. Rev. 7:115–129.
  • Giebel O, Wirtz A, Nachreiner F. (2008). The interference of flexible working times with the circadian temperature rhythm—a predictor of impairment to health and well-being?. Chronobiol. Int. 25:263–270.
  • Gigli GL, Adorati M, Dolso P, Piani A, Valente M, Brotini S, Budai R. (2004). Restless Legs Syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Sleep Med. 5:309–315.
  • Gottlieb DJ, Redline S, Nieto FJ, Baldwin CM, Newman AB, Resnick HE, Punjabi NM. (2006). Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep 29:1009–1014.
  • Gusbeth-Tatomir P, Boisteanu D, Seica A, Buga C, Covic A. (2007). Sleep disorders: A systematic review of an emerging major clinical issue in renal patients. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 39:1217–1226.
  • Haus E. (2007). Circadian disruption in shiftwork is probably carcinogenic to humans. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1255–1256.
  • Hening W, Walters AS, Allen RP, Montplaisir J, Myers A, Ferini-Strambi L. (2004). Impact, diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a primary care population: The REST (RLS epidemiology, symptoms, and treatment) primary care study. Sleep Med. 5:237–246.
  • Henrich WL, Mailloux LU. (2006). Hypertension in dialysis patients. UpToDate.com., version 14.3.
  • Hermida RC. (2007). Ambulatory BP monitoring in the prediction of cardiovascular events and effects of chronotherapy: Rationale and design of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol. Int. 24:749–775.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Portaluppi F. (2007a). Circadian variation of BP: The basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59:904–922.
  • Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, Lopez JE, Rodriguez M, Chayan L, Mojon A, Fontao MJ, Fernandez JR. (2007b). Dose- and administration time-dependent effects of nifedipine gits on ambulatory BP in hypertensive subjects. Chronobiol. Int. 24:471–493.
  • Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojon A, Chayan L, Dominguez MJ, Fontao MJ, Soler R, Alonso I, Fernandez JR. (2008). Comparison of the effects on ambulatory BP of awakening versus bedtime administration of torasemide in essential hypertension. Chronobiol. Int. 25:950–970.
  • Hirata FC, Lima MC, de Bruin VM, Nobrega PR, Wenceslau GP, de Bruin PF. (2007). Depression in medical school: The influence of morningness-eveningness. Chronobiol. Int. 24:939–946.
  • Ingelsson E, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, Lind L, Arnlov J, Sundstrom J. (2006). Diurnal BP pattern and risk of congestive heart failure. JAMA 295:2859–2866.
  • Ingre M, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T, Soderstrom M, Kecklund L. (2008). Sleep length as a function of morning shift-start time in irregular shift schedules for train drivers: Self-rated health and individual differences. Chronobiol. Int. 25:349–358.
  • Jankowski KS, Ciarkowska W. (2008). Diurnal variation in energetic arousal, tense arousal, and hedonic tone in extreme morning and evening types. Chronobiol. Int. 25:577–595.
  • Jensen LW, Pedersen EB. (1997). Nocturnal BP and relation to vasoactive hormones and renal function in hypertension and chronic renal failure. Blood Press. 6:332–342.
  • Jones H, George K, Edwards B, Atkinson G. (2008). Effects of time of day on post-exercise BP: Circadian or sleep-related influences?. Chronobiol. Int. 25:987–998.
  • Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kilpatrick RD, McAllister CJ, Greenland S, Kopple JD. (2005). Reverse epidemiology of hypertension and cardiovascular death in the hemodialysis population: The 58th Annual Fall Conference and Scientific Sessions. Hypertension 45:811–817.
  • Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, Hoshide S, Schwartz JE, Shimada K. (2001). Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal BP falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension 38:852–857.
  • Kato M, Phillips BG, Sigurdsson G, Narkievicz K, Pesek CA, Somers VK. (2000). Effects of sleep deprivation on neural circulatory control. Hypertension 35:1173–1175.
  • Kawahara K, Sato R, Iwabuchi S, Matsuyama D. (2008). Rhythmic fluctuations in the concentration of intracellular Mg2 +  in association with spontaneous rhythmic contraction in cultured cardiac myocytes. Chronobiol. Int. 25:868–881.
  • Kloog I, Haim A, Stevens RG, Barchana M, Portnov BA. (2008). Light at night co-distributes with incident breast but not lung cancer in the female population of Israel. Chronobiol. Int. 25:65–81.
  • Lavie L, Lavie P. (2007). Elevated plasma homocysteine in older shift-workers: A potential risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Chronobiol. Int. 24:115–128.
  • Lee HC, Hu CJ, Chen CS, Lin HC. (2008). Seasonal variation in ischemic stroke incidence and association with climate: A six-year population-based study. Chronobiol. Int. 25:938–949.
  • Lehnkering H, Siegmund R. (2007). Influence of chronotype, season, and sex of subject on sleep behavior of young adults. Chronobiol. Int. 24:875–888.
  • Leibowitz D, Planer D, Weiss T, Rott D. (2007). Seasonal variation in myocardial infarction is limited to patients with ST-elevations on admission. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1241–1247.
  • Leiza JR, de Llano JM, Messa JB, Lopez CA, Fernandez JA. (2007). New insights into the circadian rhythm of acute myocardial infarction in subgroups. Chronobiol. Int. 24:129–141.
  • Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. (1990). Prognostic implications of echocardiography determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham heart study. New Engl. J. Med. 322:1561–1566.
  • Lewy H, Haus E, Ashkenazi IE. (2007). Possible linkage between the ability to change the period (tau) of the prolactin and cortisol rhythms in women and breast cancer risk. Chronobiol. Int. 24:365–381.
  • Lin HC, Lin SY, Lee HC, Hu CJ, Choy CS. (2008). Weekly pattern of stroke onset in an Asian country: A nationwide population-based study. Chronobiol. Int. 25:788–799.
  • Lusardi P, Mugellini A, Preti P, Zoppi A, Derosa G, Fogari R. (1996). Effects of a restricted sleep regimen on ambulatory BP monitoring in normotensive subjects. Am. J. Hypertens. 9:503–505.
  • Mbanu I, Wellenius GA, Mittleman MA, Peeples L, Stallings LA, Kales SN. (2007). Seasonality and coronary heart disease deaths in United States firefighters. Chronobiol. Int. 24:715–726.
  • McGlothan KR, Wyatt RJ, Ault BH, Hastings MC, Rogers T, DiSessa T, Jones DP. (2006). Predominance of nocturnal hypertension in pediatric renal allograft recipients. Pediatr. Transplant. 10:558–564.
  • McLaughlin C, Bowman ML, Bradley CL, Mistlberger RE. (2008). A prospective study of seasonal variation in shift-work tolerance. Chronobiol. Int. 25:455–470.
  • Miccoli L, Versace F, Koterle S, Cavallero C. (2008). Comparing sleep-loss sleepiness and sleep inertia: Lapses make the difference. Chronobiol. Int. 25:725–744.
  • Michaud M, Chabli A, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J. (2000). Arm restlessness in patients with Restless Legs Syndrome. Move. Disord. 15:289–293.
  • Montplaisir J, Bouche S, Poirie G, Lavigne G, Lapierre O, Lesperance P. (1997). Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of Restless Legs Syndrome: A study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria. Move. Disord. 12:61–65.
  • Mucsi I, Molnar MZ, Ambrus C, Szeifert L, Kovacs AZ, Zoller R, Barótfi S, Remport A, Novak M. (2005). Restless Legs Syndrome, insomnia and quality of life in patients on maintenance dialysis. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 20:571–577.
  • Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, Kato M, Phillips BG, Davison DE, Somers VK. (1998). Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertension 32:1039–1043.
  • National Sleep Foundation. (2009). Sleep in America Poll. Available at:, http://www.sleepfoundation.org (accessed February 20, 2009).
  • Neumann J, Ligtenberg G, Klein II, Koomans HA, Blankestijin PJ. (2004). Sympathetic hyperactivity in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenesis, clinical relevance and treatment. Kidney Int. 65:1568–1576.
  • Ogawa Y, Kanbayashi T, Saito Y, Takahashi Y, Kitajima T, Takahashi K, Hishikawa Y, Shimizu T. (2003). Total sleep deprivation elevates blood pressure through arterial baroreflex resetting: A study with microneurographic technique. Sleep 26:986–989.
  • Ohayon MM, Roth T. (2002). Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population. J. Psychosom. Res. 53:547–554.
  • Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Hashimoto J, Hoshi H, Araki T, Tsuji I, Satoh H, Hisamichi S, Imai Y. (2002). Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in BP in individuals with and without high 24-h BP: The Ohasama study. J. Hypertens. 20:2183–2189.
  • Ohkura N, Oishi K, Sakata T, Kadota K, Kasamatsu M, Fukushima N, Kurata A, Tamai Y, Shirai H, Atsumi G, Ishida N, Matsuda J, Horie S. (2007). Circadian variations in coagulation and fibrinolytic factors among four different strains of mice. Chronobiol. Int. 24:651–669.
  • Pagani M, Pizzinelli P, Traon AP, Ferreri C, Beltrami S, Bareille MP, Costes-Salon MC, Béroud S, Blin O, Lucini D, Philip P. (2009). Hemodynamic, autonomic and baroreflex changes after one night sleep deprivation in healthy volunteers. Auton. Neurosci. 145:76–80.
  • Paim SL, Pires ML, Bittencourt LR, Silva RS, Santos RF, Esteves AM, Barreto AT, Tufik S, de Mello MT. (2008). Sleep complaints and polysomnographic findings: A study of nuclear power plant shift workers. Chronobiol. Int. 25:321–331.
  • Parker KP. (2003). Sleep disturbances in dialysis patients. Sleep Med. Rev. 7:131–143.
  • Pati AK, Parganiha A, Kar A, Soni R, Roy S, Choudhary V. (2007). Alterations of the characteristics of the circadian rest-activity rhythm of cancer in-patients. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1179–1197.
  • Pedrazzoli M, Louzada FM, Pereira DS, Benedito-Silva AA, Lopez AR, Martynhak BJ, Korczak AL, Koike Bdel V, Barbosa AA, D'Almeida V, Tufik S. (2007). Clock polymorphisms and circadian rhythms phenotypes in a sample of the Brazilian population. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1–8.
  • Pennestri MH, Montplaisir J, Colombo R, Lavigne G, Lanfranchi PA. (2007). Nocturnal BP changes in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neurology 68:1213–1218.
  • Perez-Lloret S, Risk M, Golombek DA, Cardinali DP, Sanchez R, Ramirez A. (2008). Blunting of circadian rhythms and increased acrophase variability in sleep-time hypertensive subjects. Chronobiol. Int. 25:99–113.
  • Phillips RA, Appel LJ, Gabriel A. (2003). Diurnal patterns of BP in African Americans with hypertensive kidney disease: Results from the AASK Cohort Study (abstract). Am. J. Hypertens. 16:99A.
  • Portaluppi F. (2007). Consistency and accuracy of the Medical Subject Headings thesaurus for electronic indexing and retrieval of chronobiologic references. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1213–1229.
  • Portaluppi F, Montanari L, Ferlini M, Gilli P. (1990). Altered circadian rhythms of BP and heart rate in non-hemodialysis chronic renal failure. Chronobiol. Int. 7:321–327.
  • Portaluppi F, Montanari L, Massari M, Di Chiara V, Capanna M. (1991). Loss of nocturnal decline of BP in hypertension due to chronic renal failure. Am. J. Hypertens. 4:20–26.
  • Portaluppi F, Montanari L, Vergnani L, Tarroni G, Cavallini AR, Gilli P, Bagni B, degli Uberti EC. (1992). Loss of the nocturnal increase in plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive chronic renal failure. Cardiology 80:312–323.
  • Portaluppi F, Vergnani L, degli Uberti EC. (1993). Atrial natriuretic peptide and circadian blood pressure regulation: Clues from a chronobiological approach. Chronobiol. Int. 10:176–189.
  • Portaluppi F, Provini F, Cortelli P, Plazzi G, Bertozzi N, Manfredini R, Fersini C, Lugaresi E. (1997). Undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing among male nondippers with essential hypertension. J. Hypertens. 15:1227–1233.
  • Prados AP, Ambros L, Montoya L, Rebuelto M. (2007). Chronopharmacological study of cephalexin in dogs. Chronobiol. Int. 24:161–170.
  • Rahman M, Smith MC. (2001). Hypertension in hemodialysis patients. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 3:496–502.
  • Randler C. (2008a). Differences in sleep and circadian preference between Eastern and Western German adolescents. Chronobiol. Int. 25:565–575.
  • Randler C. (2008b). Morningness-eveningness comparison in adolescents from different countries around the world. Chronobiol. Int. 25:1017–1028.
  • Reilly T, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Farrelly K, Fairhurst E. (2007). Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football (soccer). Chronobiol. Int. 24:507–519.
  • Reinberg A, Ashkenazi I. (2008). Internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms and tolerance to shift work. Chronobiol. Int. 25:625–643.
  • Reinberg AE, Ashkenazi I, Smolensky MH. (2007). Euchronism, allochronism, and dyschronism: Is internal desynchronization of human circadian rhythms a sign of illness?. Chronobiol. Int. 24:553–588.
  • Sachdeva A, Weder AB. (2006). Nocturnal sodium excretion, BP dipping, and sodium sensitivity. Hypertension 48:527–533.
  • Sadick H, Fleischer I, Goessler U, Hormann K, Sadick M. (2007). Twenty-four-hour and annual variation in onset of epistaxis in Osler disease. Chronobiol. Int. 24:357–364.
  • Sallinen M, Holm J, Hirvonen K, Harma M, Koskelo J, Letonsaari M, Luukkonen R, Virkkala J, Muller K. (2008). Recovery of cognitive performance from sleep debt: Do a short rest pause and a single recovery night help?. Chronobiol. Int. 25:279–296.
  • Sega R, Facchetti R, Bombelli M, Cesana G, Corrao G, Grassi G, Mancia G. (2005). Prognostic value of ambulatory and home BPs compared with office BP in the general population: Follow-up results from the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. Circulation 111:1777–1783.
  • Sforza E, Nicolas A, Lavigne G, Gosselin A, Petit D, Montplaisir J. (1999). EEG and cardiac activation during periodic leg movements in sleep: Support for a hierarchy of arousal responses. Neurology 52:786–791.
  • Shah AP, Smolensky MH, Burau KD, Cech IM, Lai D. (2007). Recent change in the annual pattern of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Chronobiol. Int. 24:947–960.
  • Siddiqui F, Strus J, Ming X, Lee IA, Chokroverty S, Walters AS. (2007). Rise of BP with periodic limb movements in sleep and wakefulness. Clinical Neurophysiology 118:1923–1930.
  • Silberberg JS, Barre PE, Prichard SS, Sniderman AD. (1989). Impact of left ventricular hypertrophy on survival in end stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 36:286–290.
  • Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Portaluppi F. (2007). Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of olmesartan in uncomplicated essential hypertension. Chronobiol. Int. 24:171–181.
  • Soehner AM, Kennedy KS, Monk TH. (2007). Personality correlates with sleep-wake variables. Chronobiol. Int. 24:889–903.
  • Souissi N, Souissi H, Sahli S, Tabka Z, Dogui M, Ati J, Davenne D. (2007). Effect of Ramadan on the diurnal variation in short–term high power output. Chronobiol. Int. 24:991–1007.
  • Souissi N, Souissi M, Souissi H, Chamari K, Tabka Z, Dogui M, Davenne D. (2008). Effect of time of day and partial sleep deprivation on short-term, high-power output. Chronobiol. Int. 25:1062–1076.
  • Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O'Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, Mancia G, Nachev C, Palatini P, Parati G, Tuomilehto J, Webster J, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. (1999). Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs. ambulatory BP in older patients with systolic hypertension. JAMA 282:539–546.
  • Stidley CA, Hunt WC, Tentori F, Schmidt D, Rohrscheib M, Paine S, Bedrick EJ, Meyer KB, Johnson HK, Zager PG, Medical Directors of Dialysis Clinic Inc. (2006). Changing relationship of BP with mortality over time among hemodialysis patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17:513–520.
  • Su SB, Lu CW, Kao YY, Guo HR. (2008). Effects of 12-hour rotating shifts on menstrual cycles of photoelectronic workers in Taiwan. Chronobiol. Int. 25:237–248.
  • Suen LK, Hon LK, Tam WW. (2008). Association between sleep behavior and sleep-related factors among university students in Hong Kong. Chronobiol. Int. 25:760–775.
  • Tochikubo O, Ikeda A, Miyajima E, Ishii M. (1996). Effects of insufficient sleep on BP monitored by a new multibiomedical recorder. Hypertension 27:1318–1324.
  • Tonetti L, Fabbri M, Natale V. (2008). Sex difference in sleep-time preference and sleep need: A cross-sectional survey among Italian pre-adolescents, adolescents, and adults. Chronobiol. Int. 25:745–759.
  • Townsend RR, Ford V. (1996). Ambulatory BP monitoring: Coming of age in nephrology. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 7:2279–2287.
  • Tripepi G, Fagugli RM, Dattolo P, Parlongo G, Mallamaci F, Buoncristiani U, Zoccali C. (2005). Prognostic value of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and of night/day ratio in nondiabetic, cardiovascular events-free hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 68:1294–1302.
  • Tsai CL, Brenner BE, Camargo CA, Jr. (2007). Circadian-rhythm differences among emergency department patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Chronobiol. Int. 24:699–713.
  • Tsuruoka S, Hasegawa G, Kaneda T, Maeda A, Fujimura A. (2008). Dosing time-dependent effect of raloxifene on plasma fibrinogen concentration in ovariectomized rats. Chronobiol. Int. 25:808–818.
  • Tucker B, Fabbian F, Giles M, Thuraisingham RC, Raine AE, Baker LR. (1997). Left ventricular hypertrophy and ambulatory BP monitoring in chronic renal failure. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 12:724–728.
  • Ulfberg J, Nystrom B, Carter N, Edling C. (2001). Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome among men aged 18 to 64 years: An association with somatica disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Move. Disord. 16:1159–1163.
  • Unruh ML, Levey AS, D'Ambrosio C, Fink NE, Powe NR, Meyer KB, Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for End-Stage Renal Disease (CHOICE) Study. (2004). Restless legs symptoms among incident dialysis patients: Association with lower quality of life and shorter survival. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 43:900–909.
  • Unruh ML, Sanders MH, Redline S, Piraino BM, Umans JG, Chami H, Budhiraja R, Punjabi NM, Buysse D, Newman AB. (2008). Subjective and objective sleep quality in patients on conventional thrice-weekly hemodialysis: Comparison with matched controls from the sleep heart health study. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 52:305–313.
  • Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Guerrieri M, Gatteschi C, Benemio G, Boldrini F, Porcellati C. (1990). Circadian BP changes and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Circulation 81:528–536.
  • Volicer L, Harper DG, Manning BC, Goldstein R, Satlin A. (2001). Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Psychiatry 158:704–711.
  • Walker S, Fine A, Kryger MH. (1995). Sleep complaints are common in a dialysis unit. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 26:751–756.
  • Willis GL, Turner EJ. (2007). Primary and secondary features of Parkinson's disease improve with strategic exposure to bright light: A case series study. Chronobiol. Int. 24:521–537.
  • Winkelman JW. (1999). The evoked heart rate response to periodic leg movements of sleep. Sleep 22:575–580.
  • Winkelman JW, Finn L, Young T. (2006). Prevalence and correlates of Restless Legs Syndrome symptoms in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort. Sleep Med. 7:545–552.
  • Winkelman JW, Shahar E, Sharief I, Gottlieb DJ. (2008). Association of Restless Legs Syndrome and cardiovasculare disease in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Neurology 70:35–42.
  • Yokomaku A, Misao K, Omoto F, Yamagishi R, Tanaka K, Takada K, Kohyama J. (2008). A study of the association between sleep habits and problematic behaviors in preschool children. Chronobiol. Int. 25:549–564.
  • Zhong X, Hilton HJ, Gates GJ, Jelic S, Stern Y, Bartels MN, Demeersman RE, Basner RC. (2005). Increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation in normal humans with acute sleep deprivation. J. Appl. Physiol. 98:2024–2032.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.