Benchmarking Controlled Trial—a novel concept covering all observational effectiveness studies

References

• Furlan AD, Pennick V, Bombardier C, van Tulder M;Editorial Board, Cochrane Back Review Group. 2009 updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Back Review Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34:1929–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmivaara A. Real-effectiveness medicine-pursuing the best effectiveness in the ordinary care of patients. Ann Med. 2013;452:103–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmivaara A. On decreasing inequality in health care in a cost- effective way. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg. 2014;12:1495–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008–12.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen KR, Voronovich ZA, Cook PF, Pedro LW. Addicted to constructs: science in reverse? Addiction. 2013;108:1532–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klazinga N, Li L. Comparing health services outcomes. In: Papanicolas I, Smith P, editors. Health system performance comparison. An agenda for policy, information and research. 1st ed. Maidenhead, England: Open University Press, McGraw-Hill Education; 2013. p. 157–82.
   Google Scholar
• Häkkinen U, Malmivaara A. The PERFECT project: measuring performance of health care episodes. Ann Med. 2011;43(Suppl 1):S1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, Itala A, Joukainen A, Nurmi H, et al. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus sham surgery for a degenerative meniscal tear. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1260–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viljanen M, Malmivaara A, Uitti J, Rinne M, Palmroos P, Laippala P. Effectiveness of dynamic muscle training, relaxation training, or ordinary activity for chronic neck pain: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2003;327:475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torkki M, Malmivaara A, Seitsalo S, Hoikka V, Laippala P, Paavolainen P. Surgery vs orthosis vs watchful waiting for hallux valgus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:2474–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmivaara A, Hakkinen U, Aro T, Heinrichs ML, Koskenniemi L, Kuosma E, et al. The treatment of acute low back pain—bed rest, exercises, or ordinary activity? N Engl J Med. 1995;332:351–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmivaara A, Meretoja A, Peltola M, Numerato D, Heijink R, Engelfriet P, et al. Comparing ischaemic stroke in six European countries. The EuroHOPE register study. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22:284–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croft P, Malmivaara A, van Tulder M. The pros and cons of evidence-based medicine. Spine. 2011;36:E1121–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, Jarvinen TL. Finnish Degenerative Meniscal Lesion Study (FIDELITY): a protocol for a randomised, placebo surgery controlled trial on the efficacy of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for patients with degenerative meniscus injury with a novel ‘RCT within-a-cohort’ study design. BMJ Open. 2013;33.
   Google Scholar
• Malmivaara A, Koes BW, Bouter LM, van Tulder MW. Applicability and clinical relevance of results in randomized controlled trials: the Cochrane review on exercise therapy for low back pain as an example. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:1405–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbroucke J. When are observational studies as credible as randomised trials? Lancet. 2004;363:1728–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltola M, Juntunen M, Häkkinen U, Rosenqvist G, Seppälä TT, Sund R. A methodological approach for register-based evaluation of cost and outcomes in health care. Ann Med. 2011;43:S4–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbroucke JP. Observational research, randomised trials, and two views of medical science. PLoS Med. 2008;53:e67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leino-Arjas P, Liira J, Mutanen P, Malmivaara A, Matikainen E. Predictors and consequences of unemployment among construction workers: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 1999;319:600–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman MP, Forman D, Bryant H, Butler J, Rachet B, Maringe C, et al. Cancer survival in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, 1995-2007 (the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership): an analysis of population-based cancer registry data. Lancet. 2011;377:127–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearse R, Moreno RP, Bauer P, Pelosi P, Metnitz P, Spies C, et al. Mortality after surgery in Europe: a 7 day cohort study. Lancet. 2012;380:1059–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkmeyer JD, Finks JF, O’Reilly A, Oerline M, Carlin AM, Nunn AR, et al. Surgical skill and complication rates after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1434–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karthikesalingam A, Holt PJ, Vidal-Diez A, Ozdemir BA, Poloniecki JD, Hinchliffe RJ, et al. Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: clinical lessons from a comparison of outcomes in England and the USA. Lancet. 2014;383:963–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung SC, Gedeborg R, Nicholas O, James S, Jeppsson A, Wolfe C, et al. Acute myocardial infarction: a comparison of short-term survival in national outcome registries in Sweden and the UK. Lancet. 2014;383:1305–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finks JF, Osborne NH, Birkmeyer JD. Trends in hospital volume and operative mortality for high-risk surgery. N Engl J Med. 2011;364: 2128–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Z, Safran DG, Landon BE, He Y, Ellis RP, Mechanic RE, et al. Health care spending and quality in year 1 of the alternative quality contract. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:909–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace DJ, Angus DC, Barnato AE, Kramer AA, Kahn JM. Nighttime intensivist staffing and mortality among critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2093–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton M, Nikolova S, Boaden R, Lester H, McDonald R, Roland M. Reduced mortality with hospital pay for performance in England. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1821–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Van den Heede K, Griffiths P, Busse R, et al. Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet. 2014;383:1824–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakkinen U, Iversen T, Peltola M, Seppala TT, Malmivaara A, Belicza E, et al. Health care performance comparison using a disease-based approach: the EuroHOPE project. Health Policy. 2013;112-2:100–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermans MP, Elisaf M, Michel G, Muls E, Nobels F, Vandenberghe H, et al. Benchmarking is associated with improved quality of care in type 2 diabetes: the OPTIMISE randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:3388–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar