Risk Factors for Low Back Pain and Sciatica

References

• Lawrence J. Rheumatism in populations. Heinemann, London 1977
   Google Scholar
• Porter R. W. Familial aspects of disc protrusion: The Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Dallas, Texas. 1986, Abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Lami R., Pugliese O., Postacchlni F. Familial predisposition to discogenic back pain: The Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. Rome. 1987, Abstract
   Google Scholar
• Varlotta G. P., Brown M. D. Familial predisposition for adolescent disc displacement: The Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine., Miami, Florida, 1988, Abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Heikkilä J. K., Koskenvuo M., Heliövaara M., et al. Genetic and environmental factors in sciatica. Evidence from a nationwide panel of 9365 adult twin pairs. Porvoo: VI Medical Symposium of the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation. 1988, Abstract.
   Google Scholar
• Kelsey J. L. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1982; 145–67
   Google Scholar
• Andersson G. B. J., Pope M. H., Frymoyer J. W. Epidemiology. Occupational low back pain, M. H. Pope, J. W. Frymoyer, G. B. J. Andersson. Praeger, New York 1984; 101–14
   Google Scholar
• Reisbord L. S., Greenland S. Factors associated with self-reported back-pain prevalence: A population-based study. J Chronic Dis 1985; 38: 691–702
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wood P. H. N., Badley E. M. Musculoskeletal system. Oxford textbook of public health. Vol. 4. Specific applications, W. W. Holland, R. Detels, G. Knox, E. Breeze. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1985; 279–97
   Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M. Epidemiology of sciatica and herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Finland, Helsinki 1988; 76, ML:
   Google Scholar
• Massie W. K. Editorial comment. Clin Orthop 1969; 67: 2–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nachemson A. L. Low back pain - its etiology and treatment. Clin Med 1971; 78: 18–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanharanta H., Sachs B. L., Spivey M. A., et al. The relationship of pain provocation to lumbar disc deterioration as seen by CT discography. Spine 1987; 12: 295–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney V. Where is the pain coming from?. Spine 1987; 12: 754–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M., Impivaara O., Sievers K., Melkas T., Knekt P., Korpi J., Aromaa A. Lumbar disc syndrome in Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health 1987; 41: 251–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spangfort E. V. The lumbar disc herniation: a computer-aided analysis of 2,504 operations. Acta Orthop Scand 1972, Suppl 142: 1–95
   Google Scholar
• Raaf J. Some observations regarding 905 patients operated upon for protruded lumbar intervertebral disc. Am J Surg 1959; 97: 388–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marin G. A. Lumbar disc protrusion. Evaluation and study of 600 discectomies with one to ten years follow-up. Int Surg 1974; 59: 154–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrubec Z., Nashold B. S. Epidemiology of lumbar disc lesions in the military in World War II. Am J Epidemiol 1975; 102: 366–76
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M. Body height, obesity and risk of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Spine 1987; 12: 469–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsey J. L. An epidemiological study of acute herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. Rheumatol Rehabil 1975; 14: 144–59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelsey J. L., Githens P. B., O'Connor T., et al. Acute prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc. An epidemiologic study with special reference to driving automobiles and cigarette smoking. Spine 1984; 9: 608–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence J. S. Rheumatism in coal miners. Part III: Occupational factors. Br J Ind Med 1955; 12: 249–61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowe M. L. Disc surgery and chronic low back pain. J Occup Med 1965; 7: 196–202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tauber J. An unorthodox look at backaches. J Occup Med 1970; 12: 128–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weir B. K. A. Prospective study of 100 lumbosacral discectomies. J Neurosurg 1979; 50: 283–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriam W. F., Burwell R. G., Mulholland R. C., Pearson J. C. G., Webb J. K. A study revealing a tall pelvis in subjects with low back pain. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1983; 65-B: 153–6
   Google Scholar
• Gyntelberg F. One year incidence of low back pain among male residents of Copenhagen aged 40–59. Dan Med Bull 1974; 21: 30–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachemson A. The load on lumbar discs in different positions of the body. Clin Orthop 1966; 45: 107–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramani P. S. Variations in size of the bony lumbar canal in patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs. Clin Radiol 1976; 27: 301–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M., Vanharanta H., Korpi J., Troup J. D. G. Herniated lumbar disc syndrome and vertebral canals. Spine 1986; 11: 433–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke F. D. Lumbar disc surgery. A review of a series of patients. Br J Clin Pract 1976; 30: 29–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deorio J. K., Bianco A. J. Lumbar disc excision in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1982; 64-A: 991–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinz G., Pohl W. Die Bedeutung des Korpergewichtes bei degenerativen Skeletterkrankungen. Z Orthop 1977; 115: 12–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber H. Lumbar disc herniation. A prospective study of prognostic factors including a controlled trial. Part I. J Oslo City Hosp 1978; 28: 33–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hurme M. Factors predicting the results of surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Finland, Turku 1985, AL: 26 (In Finnish with English summary)
   Google Scholar
• Pope M. H., Bevins T., Wilder D. G., Frymoyer J. W. The relationship between anthropometric, postural, muscular, and mobility characteristics of males aged 18–55. Spine 1985; 10: 644–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magora A., Schwartz A. Relation between the low back pain syndrome and x-ray findings. I. Degenerative osteoarthritis. Scand J Rehabil Med 1976; 8: 115–25
   Google Scholar
• Kellgren J. H., Lawrence J. S. Osteo-arthrosis and disc degeneration in an urban population. Ann Rheum Dis 1958; 17: 388–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-Sörensen F. Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine 1984; 9: 106–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aro S., Leino P. Overweight and musculoskeletal morbidity: a ten-year follow-up. Int J Obes 1985; 9: 267–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farfan H. F., Cossette J. W., Robertson G. H., Wells R. V., Kraus H. The effects of torsion on the lumbar intervertebral joints: the role of torsion in the production of disc degeneration. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1970; 52-A: 468–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farfan H. F. A reorientation to the surgical approach to degenerative lumbar intervertebral joint disease. Orthop Clin North Am 1977; 8: 9–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troup J. D. G. Relation of lumbar spine disorders to heavy manual work and lifting. Lancet 1965; i: 857–61
   Google Scholar
• Magora A. Investigation of the relation between low back pain and occupation. Ind Med 1970; 39: 31–7
   Google Scholar
• Cust G., Pearson J. C. G., Mair A. The prevalence of low back pain in nurses. Int Nurs Rev 1972; 19: 169–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffin D. B., Park K. S. A longitudinal study of low-back pain associated with occupational weight lifting factors. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1973; 34: 513–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson J. A. D. Back pain and occupation. The lumbar spine and back pain2nd ed., M. I. V. Jayson. Pitman Medical, Bath 1980; 57–82
   Google Scholar
• Rowe M. L. Backache at work. Perinton Press, New York 1983
   Google Scholar
• Damkot D. K., Pope M. H., Lord J., Frymoyer J. W. The relationship between work history, work environment and low-back pain in men. Spine 1984; 9: 395–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troup J. D. G. Causes, prediction and prevention of back pain at work. Scand J Work Environ Health 1984; 10: 419–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videman T., Nurminen T., Tola S., Kuorinka I., Vanharanta H., Troup J. D. G. Low-back pain in nurses and some loading factors of work. Spine 1984; 9: 400–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penttinen J. Back pain and sciatica in Finnish farmers. Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Finland, Helsinki 1987; 71, ML:
   Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M. Occupation and risk of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc or sciatica leading to hospitalization. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 259–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Troup J. D. G. Driver's back pain and its prevention. A review of the postural vibratory and muscular factors, together with the problem of transmitted road-shock. Appl Ergonomics 1978; 9: 207–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence J. S. Disc degeneration: its frequency and relationship to symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis 1969; 28: 121–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickstrom G. Effect of work on degenerative back disease. A review. Scand J Work Environ Health 1978; 1: 1–12, (Suppl)
   Google Scholar
• Vanharanta H., Heliövaara M., Korpi J., Troup J. D. G. Occupation, workload, and the size and shape of lumbar vertebral canals. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987; 13: 146–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troup J. D. G. Biomechanics of the lumbar spinal canal. Clin Biomechanics 1986; 1: 31–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troup J. D. G., Edwards F. C. Manual handling and lifting. An information and literature review with special reference to the back. Health and Safety Executive. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Troup J. D. G. Biomechanics of the vertebral column. Physiotherapy 1979; 65: 238–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karvonen M. J., Viitasalo J. T., Komi P. V., Nummi J., Jarvinen T. Back and leg complaints in relation to muscle strength in young men. Scand J Rehabil Med 1980; 12: 53–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leino P., Aro S., Hasan J. Trunk muscle function and low back disorders: a ten-year follow-up study. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 289–96
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelsey J. L., Hardy R. J. Driving of motor vehicles as a risk factor for acute herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Am J Epidemiol 1975; 102: 63–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber G. J. Relationships between whole-body vibration and morbidity patterns among interstate truck drivers. DHEW(NIOSH) publication no. 77–167, US Department of Health Education and Welfare, Washington 1976
   Google Scholar
• Buckle P. W., Kember P. A., Wood A. D., Wood S. N. Factors influencing occupational back pain in Bedfordshire. Spine 1980; 5: 254–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frymoyer J. W., Pope M. H., Constanza M. C., Rosen J. C., Goggin J. E., Wilder D. G. Epidemiologic studies of low-back pain. Spine 1980; 5: 419–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman A.-L. Health survey of professional drivers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1983; 9: 30–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-Sorensen F., Thomsen C. Medical, social and occupational history as risk indicators for low-back trouble in a general population. Spine 1986; 11: 720–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brendstrup T., Biering-Sorensen F. Effect of fork-lift truck driving on low-back trouble. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987; 13: 445–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder D. G., Woodworth B. B., Frymoyer J. W., Pope M. H. Vibration and the human spine. Spine 1982; 7: 243–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M., Knekt P., Aromaa A. Incidence and risk factors of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc or sciatica leading to hospitalization. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 251–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Svensson H. O., Vedin A., Wilhelmsson C., Andersson G. B. J. Low-back pain in relation to other diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. Spine 1938; 8: 277–85
   Google Scholar
• Frymoyer J. W., Pope M. H., Clements J. H., Wilder D. G., Mac-Pherson B., Ashikaga T. Risk factors in low back pain. An epidemiological survey. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1983; 65-A: 213–18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heliövaara M. Factors predicting work disability. Juhlakirja Jaakko Pajula, II. Ihminen, tutkimus ja sosiaalivakuutus, E. Kali-mo, V. Kallio. Social Insurance Institution, Helsinki 1989, (in Finnish with English summary).
   Google Scholar
• Jayson M. I. V., Keegan A., Million R., Tomlinson I. A fibrinolytic defect in chronic pain syndromes. Lancet 1984; ii: 1186–7
   Google Scholar
• Pountafn G. D., Keegan A. L., Jayson M. I. V. Impaired fibrinolytic activity in defined chronic back pain syndromes. Spine 1987; 12: 83–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connel J. E. A. Lumbar disc protrusions in pregnancy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 138–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsey J. L., Greenberg R. A., Hardy J. R., Johnson M. F. Pregnancy and the syndrome of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc, an epidemiological study. Yale J Biol Med 1975; 48: 361–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King A. B. Neurologic conditions occurring as complications of pregnancy. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1950; 63: 611–44
   Google Scholar
• LaBan M. M., Perrin J. C. S., Latimer F. R. Pregnancy and the herniated lumbar disc. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1983; 64: 319–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fast A., Shapiro D., Ducommun E. J., Friedmann L. W., Bouklas T., Floman Y. Low-back pain in pregnancy. Spine 1987; 12: 368–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantle M. J., Greenwood R. M., Currey H. L. F. Backache in pregnancy. Rheumatol Rehabil 1977; 16: 95–101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biering-Sorensen F. A prospective study of low back pain in a general population. I. Occurrence, recurrence and aetiology. Scand J Rehabil Med 1983; 15: 71–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crown S. Psychological aspects of low pack pain. Rheumatol Rehabil 1978; 17: 114–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watson J. Psychological and psychiatric aspects. Low back pain. Vol. 1. Annual Research Reviews, R. Grahame. Eden Press Inc, Westmount, St. Albans 1979; 50–6
   Google Scholar
• Brown T., Nemiah J. C., Barr J. S., Barry H., Jr. Psychologic factors in low-back pain. N Engl J Med 1954; 251: 123–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natvig H. Sociomedical aspects of low back pain causing prolonged sick leave. Acta Sociomed Scand 1970; 2–3: 117–26
   Google Scholar
• Gentry W. D., Shows W. D., Thomas M. Chronic low-back pain: a psychological profile. Psychosomatics 1974; 15: 174–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd G. G., Wolkind S. N., Greenwood R., Harris D. J. A psychiatric study of patients with persistent low pack pain. Rheumatol Rehabil 1979; 18: 30–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Donovan W. H., Dwyer A. P., White B. W. S., Batalin N. J., Skerritt P. W., Bedbrook G. M. A multidisciplinary approach to chronic low-pack pain in western Australia. Spine 1981; 6: 591–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrist I. C. Different groups of patients with low back pain. J R Coll Gen Pract 1983; 33: 420–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becker L. A., Karch F. E. Low back pain in family practice: a case-control study. J Fam Pract 1979; 9: 579–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrist I. C. Psychiatric and social factors related to low-back pain in general practice. Rheumatol Rehabil 1976; 15: 101–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magora A. Investigation of the relation between low back pain and occupation. V. Psychological aspects. Scand J Rehabil Med 1973; 5: 191–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagl S. Z., Riley L. E., Newby L. G. Social epidemiology of back pain in a general population. J Chronic Dis 1973; 26: 769–79
   Google Scholar
• Takala J., Sievers K., Klaukka T. Rheumatic symptoms in the middle-aged population in southwestern Finland. Scand J Rheumatol 1982, Suppl 47: 15–29
   Google Scholar
• Joukamaa M. Low back pain and psychological factors. A social-psychiatric study of the population of working age. Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Turku 1986; 28, AL: (in Finnish with English summary).
   Google Scholar
• Troup J. D. G., Slade P. D. Fear avoidance and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Stress Med 1985; 1: 217–20
   Google Scholar
• Westrin C.-G. The reliability of auto-anamnesis. A study of statements regarding low-back trouble. Scand J Soc Med 1974; 2: 23–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biering-Sorensen F., Hilden J. Reproducibility of the history of low back trouble. Spine 1984; 9: 280–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mägi M., Allander E., Bjelle A., Ragnarsson A. Rheumatic disorders in a health survey: how valid and reliable are the reports?. Scand J Soc Med 1984; 12: 141–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar