Differential effect of metabolic syndrome on various parameters of arterial stiffness

References

• Ford SE, Giles WH. A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:575–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:629–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scuteri A, Cunha PG, Rosei EA, Badariere J, Bekaert S, Cockcroft JR, et al.; MARE Consortium. Arterial stiffness and influences of the metabolic syndrome: a cross-countries study. Atherosclerosis. 2014;233:654–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira I, Boreham CA, Twisk JW, Gallagher AM, Young IS, Murray LJ, Stehouwer CD.Clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors and arterial stiffness in young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. J Hypertens. 2007;25: 1009–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stehouwer CDA, Henry RMA, Ferreira I. Arterial stiffness in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: a pathway to cardiovascular disease. Diabetologia. 2008;51:527–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001;37:1236–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurent S, Katsahian S, Fassot C, Tropeano AI, Gautier I, Laloux B, Boutouyrie P. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of fatal stroke in essential hypertension. Stroke. 2003;34:1203–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blacher J, Safar ME, Guerin AP, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, London GM. Aortic pulse wave velocity index and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1852–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Shlomo Y, Spears M, Boustred C, May M, Anderson SG, Benjamin EJ, et al. Aortic pulse wave velocity improves cardiovascular event prediction: an individual participant meta-analysis of prospective observational data from 17,635 subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:636–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2013;31: 1281–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfahrt P, Krajčoviechová A, Seidlerová J, Galovcová M, Bruthans J, Filipovský J, et al. Lower-extremity arterial stiffness vs aortic stiffness in the general population. Hypertens Res. 2013;36:718–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirinos JA, Zambrano JP, Chakko S, Veerani A, Schob A, Willens HJ, et al. Aortic pressure augmentation predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary artery disease. Hypertension. 2005;45:980–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cífková R, Škodová Z, Lánská V, Adámková V, Novozámská E, Jozífová M, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech Republic. Results of two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1997/1998 and 2000/2001, Czech Post-MONICA Study. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18:571–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al.; International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; International Association for the Study of Obesity. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2009;120:1640–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bortel LM, Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Chowienczyk P, Cruickshank JK, De Backer T, et al.; Artery Society; European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Vascular Structure and Function; European Network for Noninvasive Investigation of Large Arteries. Expert consensus document on the measurement of aortic stiffness in daily practice using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. J Hypertens. 2012;30:445–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson IB, Fuchs SA, Jansen IM, Spratt JC, Murray GD, Cockcroft JR, Webb DJ. Reproducibility of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index measured by pulse wave analysis. J Hypertens. 1998;16:2079–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Protogerou AD, Blacher J, Aslangul E, Le Jeunne C, Lekakis J, Mavrikakis M, Safar ME. Gender influence on metabolic syndrome's effects on arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflections in treated hypertensive subjects. Atherosclerosis. 2007;193:151–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safar ME, Thomas F, Blacher J, Nzietchueng R, Bureau JM, Pannier B, Benetos A. Metabolic syndrome and age-related progression of aortic stiffness. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47:72–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillaci G, Pirro M, Vaudo G, Gemelli F, Marchesi S, Porcellati C, Mannarino E. Prognostic value of the metabolic syndrome in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1817–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfahrt P, Somers VK, Cifkova R, Filipovsky J, Seidlerova J, Krajcoviechova A, et al. Relationship between measures of central and general adiposity with aortic stiffness in the general population. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235:625–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barter PJ, Brandrup-Wognsen G, Palmer MK, Nicholls SJ.Effect of statins on HDL-C: a complex process unrelated to changes in LDL-C: analysis of the VOYAGER database. J Lipid Res. 2010;51:1546–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrier KE, Muhlmann MH, Baguet JP, Cameron JD, Jennings GL, Dart AM, Kingwell BA. Intensive cholesterol reduction lowers blood pressure and large artery stiffness in isolated systolic hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39:1020–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuo T, Iwade K, Hirata N, Yamashita M, Ikegami H, Tanaka N, et al. Improvement of arterial stiffness by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of short-term statin therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Heart Vessels. 2005;20:8–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voight BF, Peloso GM, Orho-Melander M, Frikke-Schmidt R, Barbalic M, Jensen MK, et al. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet. 2012;380:572–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar